Leptaena
Leptaena is an extinct genus of mid-sized brachiopod that existed from the Dariwilian epoch to the Emsian epoch[1][2], though some specimens have been found in strata as late in age as the Tournasian epoch.[1][3] Like some other Strophomenids, Lepteana were epifaunal, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were suspension feeders.[4]
| Leptaena | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leptaena rhomboidalis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Clade: | Lophophorata |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | †Strophomenata |
| Order: | †Strophomenida |
| Family: | †Rafinesquinidae |
| Subfamily: | †Leptaeninae |
| Genus: | †Leptaena Dalman, 1828 |
| Type species | |
| Leptaena rugosa Dalman, 1828 | |
| Species | |
|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Physical description
Leptaena usually have concentric wrinkling and concentric lines on the shell. Leptaena have a concavo-convex profile, and are sometimes Semiquadrate to semielliptical. The Cardinal Process is split in two and the hinge line is straight.[4] Their width is usually greater than their length, like most Strophomenids.
Distribution
Leptaena fossils have been found on every continent except Antarctica.[3][5][6]
Species
Leptaena was a diverse genus, with over 70 recognized species and subgenera. Species in the genus Leptaena include the following.[3][6][7] Any synonymous genera to which a given species may belong to are labelled with the synonymous genus in parentheses.
- L. acuta (Kurnamena) (Roomusoks, 2004)
- L. acuticuspidata Amsden, 1958
- L. aequalis Amsden, 1974
- L. alliku (Oraspold, 1956)
- L. altera Rybnikova, 1966
- L. amelia (Havlicek, 1967)
- L. analogaeformis Biernat, 1966
- L. arberae Kelly, 1967
- L. argentina (Thomas, 1905)
- L. bergstroemi Cocks, 2005
- L. borghiana Mergl & Massa, 1992
- L. boyaca Caster, 1939
- L. contermina Cocks, 1968
- L. convexa Weller, 1914
- L. cooperi Easton et al., 1958
- L. crassorugata (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. croma (Havlicek & Storch, 1990)
- L.crypta Opik, 1930
- L. cryptoides (Oraspold, 1956)
- L. dejecta (Baarli, 1995)
- L. delicata Amsden, 1949
- L. depressa (Sowerby, 1825)
- L. diademata (Williams, 1962)
- L. electra (Havlicek, 1967)
- L. ennessbe Spjeldnaes, 1957
- L. enucleata Klenina, 1984
- L. friedrichi (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. gibbosa (James, 1874)
- L. haverfordensis Bancroft, 1949
- L. holcrofti Bassett, 1974
- L. indigena Spjeldnaes, 1957
- L. infrunita (Williams, 1962)
- L. ingrica (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. juvenilis (Öpik, 1930)
- L. kentuckiana Pope, 1982
- L. lappa (Havlicek & Storch, 1990)
- L. lappina (Havlicek & Storch, 1990)
- L. laterorugata (Kurnamena) (Roomusoks, 1989)
- L. lemniscata (Havlicek, 1967)
- L. limbifera (Havlicek, 1967)
- L. martinensis Cocks, 1968
- L. moniquensis Foerste, 1924
- L. nanaformis Zhang et al., 1983
- L. nassichuki Smith, 1980
- L. odeon Havlicek, 1967
- L. oklahomensis Amsden, 1951
- L. ordovicica (Cooper, 1956)
- L. orhor (Havlicek & Storch, 1990)
- L. palmrei (Kurnamena) (Roomusoks, 2004)
- L. parvirugata Hoel, 2005
- L. parvissima Ivanovskii & Kulkov, 1974
- L. paucirugata (Roomusoks 1989)
- L. pertenuis (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. planitia (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. poulseni Kelly, 1967
- L. praequalis Rozman, 1977
- L. provellerosa (Havlicek & Storch, 1990)
- L. purpurea Cocks, 1968
- L. quadrata Bancroft, 1949
- L. quadrilatera (Logan, 1863)
- L. rara (Alekseeva and Erlanger, 1983)
- L. reedi Cocks, 1968
- L. rhomboidalis (Wahlanberg, 1818)
- L. richmondensis Foerste, 1909
- L. roomusoki Cocks, 2005
- L. rugata (Lindström, 1861)
- L. rugaurita (Havlicek, 1967)
- L. rugosa (Dalman, 1828)
- L. rugosides Oraspold, 1956
- L. salopiensis (Williams, 1963)
- L. semiradiata Sowerby, 1842
- L. senecta Roomusoks, 2004
- L. sperion Bassett, 1977
- L. spumiferra (Kurnamea) (Opik, 1930)
- L. strandi (Spjeldnaes, 1957)
- L. tarwanpensis (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. taxilla (Kurnamena) (Oraspold, 1965)
- L. tenuissimestriata McCoy, 1852
- L. tenuistrata Sowerby, 1839
- L. tenuistriata (de Sowerby and Murchison, 1839)
- L. trifidium (Leptaenopoma) (Marek and Havlíček, 1967)
- L. trifidum (Marek and Havlíček, 1967)
- L. undosa (Similoleptaena) (Rõõmusoks, 2004)
- L. valentia (Cocks, 1968)
- L. valida Bancroft, 1949
- L. veldrensis Spjeldnaes, 1957
- L. vellerosa Havlicek, 1967
- L. ventricosa Williams, 1963
- L. zeta Lamont, 1947
- L. ziegleri Cocks, 1968
gollark: Yes, it's great.
gollark: What a brilliant lineage, <@365129049183485953>.
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gollark: ``` They're very gentle creatures, spending most of their lives flying lazy loops in the sky or draped decoratively over evergreen boughs and along eaves. Their green "garland" along their spine is modified dorsal fin, flexible, not stiff. Though they do eat normal small prey animals, the mainstay of their diet is mana absorbed through the green fins. They greatly prefer Life mana, but an abundance of any in a region will suffice. The berries are most often highly refined fire mana, and give gentle, comforting warmth to any who find one. They will gather in small groups in areas with higher than normal mana concentrations in the air, though they can be seen nearly anywhere. They appear to be oblivious to extremes of both hot and cold weather, though they're seen more often during the snowy months. It is believed that they actively convert excess mana to fire mana, which is then deliberately dropped in the form of their berries. If one finds a nest made by one of these dragons they will find a layer of the mana berries lining the bottom, presumably to keep the eggs warm while the parent is away. These dragons are believed to be the source of the practice of decorating homes and trees with garlands made of evergreen boughs and holly berries or cranberries.```The Wiki™.
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References
- Plaza-Torres, Stephanie; Darroch, Simon; Wagner, Peter. "Family tree of a mass extinction survivor: Phylogenetic analysis of the brachiopod genus Leptaena" (PDF). Smithsonian. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- Hoel, Ole (21 January 2014). "Palaeobiology of Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) from Gotland, Sweden". Hindawi Paleontology Journal. Volume 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/716053. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- Paleobiology Database
- Stigall, Alycia. "Leptaena". Atlas of Ordovician Life. National Science Foundation. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility
- Fossilworks
- Catalog of Life
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