Leporella

Leporella fimbriata, commonly known as hare orchid or fringed hare orchid, is the only species in the flowering plant genus Leporella in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the southern Australia mainland. It is related to orchids in the genus Caladenia but has an unusual labellum and does not have hairy leaves. Its pollination mechanism is also unusual.

Fringed hare orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Subtribe: Megastylidinae
Genus: Leporella
A.S.George [1]
Species:
L. fimbriata
Binomial name
Leporella fimbriata
Synonyms[2]
  • Leptoceras fimbriata Lindl.
  • Caladenia fimbriata (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
  • Eriochilus fimbriatus (Lindl.) F.Muell.
  • Leptoceras pectinata Lindl.
  • Caladenia fimbriata var. pectinata (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

Description

Leporella fimbriata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and an oval-shaped tuber lacking a protective sheath. The tuber produces two "droppers" which become the daughter tubers in the following year. Unlike those in some other orchids, the droppers are produced well away from the parent tuber at the end of long, root-like stolons. There are one or two egg-shaped to lance-shaped, glabrous leaves at the base of the stem. The leaves are often small when the orchid flowers, but increase in size to 40 mm (2 in) long and 20 mm (0.8 in) wide, turning bluish-green with reddish veins as they mature.[3][4][5][6][7]

There are up to three resupinate flowers on the end of a wiry stem 10–25 cm (4–10 in) high. The flowers are 1–3 cm (0.4–1 in) long and 1 cm (0.4 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is dished, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and curves over the labellum. The two lateral sepals are about the same length but very narrow and turned back against the ovary. As is usual in orchids, one petal is highly modified as the central labellum. The other two petals are erect, 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, narrow, linear in shape but with a club-like end which has many glandular hairs. The labellum is about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 10 mm (0.4 in) wide, hairy and greenish with reddish-brown spots and a comb-like fringe. There are no obvious calli on the labellum. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column, which has wing-like structures on its sides. Flowering occurs from March to June but the remains of the flower are often recognisable as late as September. The fruit is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[3][4][5][6][7]

Labelled image

Taxonomy and naming

This orchid was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley who gave it the name Leptoceras fimbriata and published the description in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[8][9] In 1971, Alex George described the genus Leporella and included this species.[10][11]

The genus name "Leporella" is derived from the Latin word lepus meaning "hare"[12]:393 with the diminutive suffix meaning -ella, hence "leporella" meaning "little hare".[5][12]:490 The specific epithet "fimbriata" is a Latin word meaning "fringed".[12]:355

Distribution and habitat

Leporella fimbriata usually grows in woodland or shrubland but is also found in heath and near areas that are swampy in winter. It is found in the western half of Victoria, and across southern South Australia to southern Western Australia.[13] In Western Australia it occurs between Shark Bay in the north and Israelite Bay on the south coast.[3] In South Australia, in the south-east, especially the Yorke Peninsula and Eyre Peninsula,[13] and in the south-west of Victoria, including the Anglesea area and outer Melbourne suburbs.[6]

Ecology

This orchid is a myrmecophyte and is pollinated by a male bull-ant (Myrmecia urens, Family Formicidae) when the ant attempts to copulate with the labellum.[5][14]

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See also

References
  1. A. S. George (1971). "A checklist of the Orchidaceae of Western Australia". Nuytsia. 1 (2): 166–196.
  2. "Leporella". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  3. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 216–218. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. "Leporella". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  5. Pridgeon (ed.), Alec M.; Cribb (ed.), Phillip J.; Chase (ed.), Mark W.; Rasmussen (ed.), Finn (2001). Genera Orchidacearum, Volume 2, Orchidoideae (part 1). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 159–162. ISBN 0198507100.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  6. "Leporella fimbriata". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  7. "Leporella". State Herbarium of South Australia: efloraSA. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  8. "Cyanicula". APNI. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  9. Lindley, John (1840). A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (Appendix). Piccadilly, London: James Ridgway. p. 53. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  10. "Leporella fimbriata". APNI. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  11. George, Alex (1971). "Four new species of Orchidaceae from Western Australia". Nuytsia. 1 (2): 183.
  12. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  13. "Leporella fimbriata". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  14. Rod Peakall (1989). "The unique pollination of Leporella fimbriata (Orchidaceae): pollination by pseudocopulating male ants (Myrmecia urens, Formicidae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 167 (3–4): 137–148. doi:10.1007/BF00936402.
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