Kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase

In enzymology, a kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate
kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase
Identifiers
EC number2.6.1.7
CAS number9030-38-0
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-kynurenine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate and L-glutamate. The former product is an unstable α-oxo acid that quickly undergoes intramolecular cyclization to form kynurenic acid.[1]

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific, the transaminases, that transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include kynurenine transaminase (cyclizing), kynurenine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase, kynurenine aminotransferase, and L-kynurenine aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

KYAT1, AADAT (aka KYAT2), and KYAT3 are examples of enzymes of this class. GOT2 (aka KYAT4) is also believed to catalyze the above reaction.[2]

Structural studies

As of early 2009, 18 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1X0M, 1YIY, 1YIZ, 1W7L, 1W7M, 1W7N, 3E2F, 3E2Y, 3E2Z, 2ZJG, 2YGZ, 2Z61, 2R5C, 2R2N, 2R5E, 3B46, 3DC1, and 2QLN.

gollark: > why is it the least secure language<@229987409977278464> C does basically no memory safety checking when it's compiled.
gollark: ... yes?
gollark: Cryptography, especially asymmetric (public-key/key exchange/whatever) cryptography, involves complicated maths and stuff, and implementing that yourself (or worse, coming up with your own algorithms) is a bad idea.
gollark: There are some libraries which do secure communications stuff for you. One of my projects uses ECNet or something.
gollark: The counter would be part of the encrypted data, so I guess the answer is "possibly yes but you would need to capture a lot of encrypted packets to do it".

References
  1. Han Q, Cai T, Tagle DA, Robinson H, Li J (August 2008). "Substrate specificity and structure of human aminoadipate aminotransferase/kynurenine aminotransferase II". Bioscience Reports. 28 (4): 205–15. doi:10.1042/BSR20080085. PMC 2559858. PMID 18620547.
  2. Guidetti P, Amori L, Sapko MT, Okuno E, Schwarcz R (July 2007). "Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: a third kynurenate-producing enzyme in the mammalian brain". Journal of Neurochemistry. 102 (1): 103–11. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04556.x. PMID 17442055.

Further reading
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