Kardymovsky District

Kardymovsky District (Russian: Карды́мовский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[5] district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Dukhovshchinsky District in the north, Yartsevsky District in the northeast, Dorogobuzhsky District in the east, Glinkovsky District in the southeast, Pochinkovsky District in the south, and with Smolensky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,093.15 square kilometers (422.07 sq mi).[1] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Kardymovo.[1] Population: 11,852 (2010 Census);[2] 12,521 (2002 Census);[7] 13,505 (1989 Census).[8] The population of Kardymovo accounts for 39.3% of the district's total population.[2]

Kardymovsky District Кардымовский район
District
A bridge over the Dnieper near the village of Solovyovo in Kardymovsky District
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Kardymovsky District in Smolensk Oblast
Coordinates: 54°52′48″N 32°26′42″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Smolensk Oblast[1]
Established	1 October 1929
Administrative center	Kardymovo[1]
Area [1]
• Total	1,093.15 km^2 (422.07 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[2]
• Total	11,852
• Estimate  (2018)[3]	12,562 (+6%)
• Density	11/km^2 (28/sq mi)
• Urban	39.3%
• Rural	60.7%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	1 Urban settlements, 8 Rural settlements
• Inhabited localities[1]	1 Urban-type settlements[4], 159 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Kardymovsky Municipal District[5]
• Municipal divisions[5]	1 Urban settlements, 8 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [6])
OKTMO ID	66623000
Website	http://kardymovo.ru/

Geography

The rivers in the whole area of the district belong to the drainage basin of the Dnieper. The Dnieper itself crosses the area of the district in the east and in the south, and flows on the eastern, southern, and western border of the district. The biggest (right) tributaries of the Dnieper inside the district are the Khmost, which crosses the district from the north to the south, and the Orleya, which is fully within the district. 23.8% of the area of the district is covered by forest.[9]

History

The area in the Middle Ages belonged intermittently to the Principality of Smolensk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and Poland. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief periods between 1713 and 1726, when it belonged to Riga Governorate, and between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. It was split between Smolensky, Dorogobuzhsky, and Dukhovshchinsky Uyezds.

On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Kardymovsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Kardymovo was established on the territories which previously belonged to Smolensky, Dorogobuzhsky, and Dukhovshchinsky Uyezds.[10][11] The district belonged to Smolensk Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 20 November 1930 Kardymovsky District was abolisged and merged into Smolensky District. On 18 January 1935 Kardymovsky District was re-established. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Kardymovsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and September 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops.[10] On 1 February 1963, Kardymovsky District was merged into Smolensky and Yartsevsky Districts, but on 23 March 1977 it was re-established.[12][10] In 1979, Kardymovo was made an urban-type settlement.[13]

Economy

Human resources

In 2019, the unemployment level in the district was 2.27%. The average salary was 21,600 rubles per month, which was 73.5% of the mean salary in Smolensk Oblast.[13]

Industry

There are enterprises of food industry of the district, as well as plastic, rubber, and equipment production.[13]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specialization of the district is cattle breeding with milk and meat production, as well as growing of potato, crops, and vegetables.[13]

Transportation

The railway connecting Moscow and Smolensk crosses the district from east to west. The main railway station is in Kardymovo, a few trains stop there.

The M1 highway connecting Moscow with the state border between Russia and Belarus crosses the northern part of the district from east to west. In Kamenka, a road to Dukhovshchina, Bely, and Nelidovo branches off north. Another road, connecting Dorogobuzh and Smolensk, traversed the district from east to west, passing through Kardymovo. The R120 highway, here a part of the bypass of Smolensk, crosses the western part of the district. There are local roads as well, with bus traffic originating from Kardymovo.[14]

The Dnieper is navigable within the district, however, there is no organized navigation.[15]

Culture and recreation

There is a local museum in Kardymovo.[13]

As of 2018, the district has 41 objects designated as cultural heritage.[13] These include historical churches in the villages of Shestakovo and Yarovnya.

References

Notes

1. Resolution #261
2. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
3. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
4. The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
5. Law #87-z
6. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
7. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
8. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
9. "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Smolensk Oblast Administration.
10. "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Kardymovsky District administration.
11. "Кардымово" (in Russian). Энциклопедия Смоленской области.
12. Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. "К истории формирования Смоленской области" (in Russian). Смоленск. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
13. "Инвестиционный паспорт Кардымовского района" (in Russian). Smolensk Oblast Administration. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
14. "Расписание движения транспорта" (in Russian). Kardymovsky District Administration.
15. Н.И. Алексеевский, В.А. Жук. "Днепр" (in Russian). Вода России.

Sources

• Администрация Смоленской области. Постановление №261 от 30 апреля 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области», в ред. Постановления №464 от 27 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Administration of Smolensk Oblast. Resolution #261 of April 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #464 of June 27, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast. ).
• Смоленская областная Дума. Закон №87-з от 2 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Кардымовский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом», в ред. Закона №51-з от 30 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные областные Законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Смоленской областной Думы и Администрации Смоленской области", №12, часть II, стр. 319, 5 декабря 2004 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma. Law #87-z of December 2, 2004 On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Kardymovsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Whose Territories It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status, as amended by the Law #51-z of May 30, 2013 On Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the official publication date.).