Kalyazin

Kalyazin (Russian: Каля́зин) is a town and the administrative center of Kalyazinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, 175 kilometers (109 mi) northeast of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 13,867 (2010 Census);[4] 14,820 (2002 Census);[11] 15,544 (1989 Census).[12]

Kalyazin Калязин
Town[1]
In Kalyazin
Coat of arms
Location of Kalyazin
Kalyazin Location of Kalyazin Show map of Russia Kalyazin Kalyazin (Tver Oblast) Show map of Tver Oblast
Coordinates: 57°14′N 37°53′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tver Oblast[1]
Administrative district	Kalyazinsky District[2]
Urban settlement	Kalyazin[2]
Founded	12th century[3]
Town status since	1775
Elevation	120 m (390 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	13,867
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	12,770 (-7.9%)
Administrative status
• Capital of	Kalyazinsky District[6], Kalyazin Urban Settlement[2]
Municipal status
• Municipal district	Kalyazinsky Municipal District[7]
• Urban settlement	Kalyazin Urban Settlement[7]
• Capital of	KalyazinskyMunicipal District[8], Kalyazin Urban Settlement[7]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [9])
Postal code(s)[10]	171571, 171573
OKTMO ID	28622101001

History

A sloboda (a settlement for people relieved from paying taxes) appeared on the site of modern Kalyazin in the 12th century.[3] Its importance grew significantly with the foundation of the Makaryevsky Monastery on the opposite bank of the Volga in the 15th century.[3] This abbey used to be the most conspicuous landmark of Kalyazin and comprised numerous buildings of historic interest, including a refectory from 1525. The name of the town originates from certain Kolyaga, a land proprietor in the 15th century.[3]

In the 18th century, the area was included into Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Kalyazin was granted town rights[3] and Kalyazinsky Uyezd was established. It was a part of newly established Tver Viceroyalty. In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into Tver Governorate. Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished, but in 1803, it was re-established.[13] On May 30, 1922, Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Kashinsky Uyezd.[14] On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd itself was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.[14]

On August 12, 1929, Tver Governorate was abolished, with its territory transferred to Moscow Oblast.[14] Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kalyazinsky District, with the administrative center in Kalyazin, was established within Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast.[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[15] On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalyazinsky District was transferred to it.[14]

In 1940, the monastery and most of the old town were submerged under water during the construction of the Uglich Hydroelectric Station, which created the Uglich Reservoir. After that, the town was effectively relocated to a new, higher spot.

The Flooded Belfry is a part of the flooded church and the most eye-catching landmark of Kalyazin

On February 13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushchev's administrative reform, Kalyazinsky District was merged into Kimrsky District, but on March 4, 1964 it was re-established.[14] In July 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[16]

On November 19, 2001, a chartered IRS Aero Ilyushin Il-18 airplane crashed in Kalyazin, killing all twenty-seven on board.[17] On August 26, 2010, dozens of Central Asian guest workers were deported from the town after mass clashes with the locals.[18] Their construction site jobs were given to locals instead.[19]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalyazin serves as the administrative center of Kalyazinsky District.[6] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kalyazinsky District as Kalyazin Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kalyazinsky Municipal District.[7]

Economy

Industry

Two factories in Kalyazin—one producing oil extraction equipment and another one manufacturing some parts of MiG airplanes—are responsible for 42% of the total industrial production of the district. Chemical, food, leather, and textile industry are present as well.[20]

Transportation

The Kalyazin railway station

Kalyazin is connected by train to Moscow (Savyolovsky railway station), Kashin, Uglich, Rybinsk, Sonkovo, Savyolovo.

Kalyazin is connected by roads with Sergiyev Posad, Uglich, and with Tver and Kimry via Kashin. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic originating from Kalyazin.

The Volga is navigable; however, there is no passenger navigation.

Culture and recreation

Former Ryzhkov House, a cultural heritage monument

Kalyazin contains sixteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The town landmark is the Kalyazin Bell Tower, submerged by the Uglich Reservoir and located only partially above the water level. Other federal monuments include the ensemble of administrative buildings and living houses in the center of the town, and the Ascension and the Epiphany Churches.[21]

The Kalyazinsky District Museum is located in Kalyazin.[22]

References

Notes

1. Law #34-ZO
2. Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #27-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kalyazinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kalyazin as a part and the administrative center of Kalyazin Urban Settlement of that district.
3. Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 175–176. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 222», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 222, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
7. Law #27-ZO
8. Law #4-ZO
9. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
10. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
11. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
12. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
13. Российская империя: административно-территориальное деление (1708–1917): Тверская губерния (in Russian). Russian National Library. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
14. Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
15. Snytko et al., p. 87
16. Decree of July 17, 1990
17. 1tv.ru 27 человек погибло в результате катастрофы самолета ИЛ-18 (in Russian)
18. "A Kondopoga at the gates of Moscow". Archived from the original on August 30, 2010.
19. "На стройке в Калязине Тверской области начали работать местные жители".
20. Промышленность (in Russian). Administration of Kalyazinsky District. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
21. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
22. Калязинский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved June 10, 2014.

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №27-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №60-ЗО от 13 июля 2009 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #27-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #60-ZO of July 13, 2009 On Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. [Administrative-Territorial Division of Novgorod Governorate and Oblast in 1727–1995. A Reference.] (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
• Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР. Указ от 17 июля 1990 г. «О переименовании Калининской области в Тверскую область». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Decree of July 17, 1990 On Changing the Name of Kalinin Oblast to Tver Oblast. ).

External links

• Unofficial website of Kalyazin (in Russian)
• History of Kalyazin (in Russian)
• Photos of Kalyazin