Krasnokholmsky District

Krasnokholmsky District (Russian: Краснохо́лмский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[6] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Vesyegonsky District in the north, Breytovsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the northeast, Nekouzsky District, also of Yaroslavl Oblast, in the southeast, Sonkovsky District in the south, Bezhetsky District in the southwest, and with Molokovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,495 square kilometers (577 sq mi).[2] Its administrative center is the town of Krasny Kholm.[1] Population: 11,835 (2010 Census);[3] 14,736 (2002 Census);[9] 18,813 (1989 Census).[10] The population of Krasny Kholm accounts for 47.4% of the district's total population.[3]

Krasnokholmsky District Краснохолмский район
District
Train station in Krasny Kholm
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Krasnokholmsky District in Tver Oblast
Coordinates: 58°03′58″N 37°07′16″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tver Oblast[1]
Established	12 July 1929
Administrative center	Krasny Kholm[1]
Area [2]
• Total	1,495 km^2 (577 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[3]
• Total	11,835
• Estimate  (2018)[4]	10,172 (-14.1%)
• Density	7.9/km^2 (21/sq mi)
• Urban	47.4%
• Rural	52.6%
Administrative structure
• Administrative divisions	1 Urban settlements, 3 Rural settlements
• Inhabited localities[5]	1 Cities/towns, 206 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Krasnokholmsky Municipal District[6]
• Municipal divisions[7]	1 Urban settlements, 3 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [8])
OKTMO ID	28632000
Website	http://krholm.ru/

Geography

The whole of the district belongs to the basin of the Rybinsk Reservoir. The rivers in the west of the district drain into the Mogocha, which joins the Melecha outside of the district to form the Osen, a major right tributary of the Mologa. The source of the Mogocha is located within the district. The rivers in the east of the district drain into the Rybinsk Reservoir and its tributaries, including the Sit. Much of the district's territory is covered by forests.

History

Krasny Kholm was first mentioned in the beginning of the 16th century as Spas na Kholmu. At the time, the area already belonged to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. During the Time of Troubles, it was badly damaged by Polish troops.[11]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the territory was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and in 1776, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was established as a part of Tver Viceroyalty. Krasny Kholm was granted town status. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate and Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was abolished, the territory was transferred to Bezhetsky Uyezd. In 1803, Vesyegonsky Uyezd was re-established and Krasny Kholm with the surrounding territory was included into Vesyegonsky Uyezd. On March 10, 1918, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was re-established.[12] On April 25, 1921, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was transferred to newly established Rybinsk Governorate. On February 15, 1923, Rybinsk Governorate was abolished and the uyezd was transferred back to Tver Governorate. On March 3, 1924, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Vesyegonsky Uyezds.[13]

On July 12, 1929, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Krasnokholmsky District, with the administrative center in the town of Krasny Kholm, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast. It was established on the territories which previously belonged to Bezhetsky and Vesyegonsky Uyezds. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Krasnokholmsky District was transferred to it.[13] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

On March 5, 1935, Ovinishchensky District with the administrative center in the selo of Kesma was established on the territories which previously belonged to Vesyegonsky and Krasnokholmsky Districts. On July 4, 1956, the district was abolished and split between Vesyegonsky and Krasnokholmsky Districts.[13][14]

Economy

Industry

The main industrial enterprise in the district is Krasny Kholm Electromechanical Plant. There are enterprises of timber, textile, and food industries as well.[15]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations in the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as vegetables and potato growing.

Transportation

Krasny Kholm railway station

A railway connecting Moscow and Mga via Sonkovo and Pestovo crosses the district from south to north. The main railway station is in Krasny Kholm.

Krasny Kholm is connected by roads with Ustyuzhna via Vesyegonsk, with Tver via Bezhetsk, and with Sandovo via Molokovo. There are also local roads. There is bus traffic originating from Krasny Kholm.

Culture and recreation

Antoniyev Krasnokholmsky Monastery in the beginning of the 20th century

The district contains fifteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (thirteen of them in Krasny Kholm) and additionally sixty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (forty of them in Krasny Kholm). The federal monuments include the Dormition Church in the selo of Rachevo, the Nativity Church in the village of Rychmanovo, and the buildings of the Antoniyev Krasnokholmsky Monastery in Krasny Kholm.[16]

Krasnokholmsky District Museum, located in Krasny Holm, was established in 1964. It has expositions on local history.[17]

References

Notes

1. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 232», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 232, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
2. Краснохолмский район Тверской области (in Russian). Администрация Краснохолмского района. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
3. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
4. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
5. Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the administrative divisions of the district match those of the municipal formations the corresponding municipal district is subdivided into. Law #32-ZO contains the list of the municipal formations of Krasnokholmsky Municipal District. The counts of inhabited localities are per OKATO.
6. Law #4-ZO
7. Law #32-ZO
8. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
9. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
10. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
11. История Краснохолмского района Тверской области (in Russian). Администрация Краснохолмского района. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
12. Краснохолмский уезд (in Russian). Энциклопедический справочник "Тверская Область". Retrieved August 9, 2013.
13. Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
14. Кондрашов, А. (August 9, 2013). "8. «Колхозная правда»". Весьегонская жизнь (in Russian). Vesyegonsk. 2013 (9). Archived from the original on August 27, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
15. "Archived copy" Промышленность (in Russian). Администрация Краснохолмского района. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
16. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
17. Краснохолмский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved July 26, 2013.

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №32-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Краснохолмский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №33-ЗО от 30 мая 2013 г. «О представительных органах и главах вновь образованных муниципальных образований Тверской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Тверской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #32-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Krasnokholmsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #33-ZO of May 30, 2013 On the Representative Bodies and Heads of Newly Established Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast an on Amending Various Laws of Tver Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).