Jack Kramer

John Albert "Jack" Kramer (August 1, 1921 – September 12, 2009) was an American tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s. A World No. 1 player for a number of years, and one of the most important people in the establishment of modern men's "Open"-era tennis, he was the leading promoter of professional tennis tours in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a relentless advocate for the establishment of Open Tennis between amateur and professional players. An International Tennis Federation (ITF) proposal to introduce Open tennis lost by five votes in 1960, but became a reality in 1968. In 1970, he created the Men's Grand Prix points system. In 1972, he helped found the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) with Donald Dell and Cliff Drysdale, and was the first Executive Director. He was unpaid at his request. In that role, he was the leader of an ATP boycott of Wimbledon in 1973, for the banning of Nikola Pilić from the tournament.

This article is about the tennis player. For the American football player, see Jack Kramer (American football). For the baseball player, see Jack Kramer (baseball). For the Norwegian footballer, see Jack Kramer (footballer).

Jack Kramer
Kramer in the late 1940s
Full nameJohn Albert Kramer
Country (sports) United States
Born(1921-08-01)August 1, 1921
Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
DiedSeptember 12, 2009(2009-09-12) (aged 88)
Bel Air, California, U.S.
Height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Turned proNovember 1947 (first senior amateur event 1937)
Retired1954
PlaysRight-handed (one-handed backhand)
CollegeRollins College
Int. Tennis HoF1968 (member page)
Singles
Career record678–288 (70.1%) [1]
Career titles35 [1]
Highest rankingNo. 1 (1946, Pierre Gillou)[2]
Grand Slam Singles results
WimbledonW (1947)
US OpenW (1946, 1947)
Professional majors
US ProW (1948)
Wembley ProW (1949)
French ProF (1950)
Doubles
Grand Slam Doubles results
WimbledonW (1946, 1947)
US OpenW (1940, 1941, 1943, 1947)
Grand Slam Mixed Doubles results
US OpenW (1941)
Team competitions
Davis CupW (1946, 1947)

Tall and slim, he was the first world-class player to play "the Big Game", a consistent serve-and-volley game, in which he came to the net behind all of his serves, including the second serve. He was particularly known for his powerful serve and forehand, as well as his ability to play "percentage tennis", which he learned from Cliff Roche, a retired automotive engineer, at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC). This strategy maximized his efforts on certain points and in certain games during the course of a match to increase his chances of winning. The key was to hold serve at all costs, which was one of many things that made Kramer one of the greatest players of all time.[3][4][5]

Early and personal life

Kramer was the son of a blue-collar railroad worker for the Union Pacific railroad.[6] As a boy he was a fine all-round athlete, particularly in basketball and tennis. When he was 13, the family moved to San Bernardino, California, and after seeing Ellsworth Vines, then the world's best player, play a match, Kramer decided to concentrate on tennis.

In 1944, he married Gloria, and they had five sons: Bob, David, John, Michael and Ron.[7] They lived in Bel Air, California. He invested in the Professional Tennis Tour, the Jack Kramer Tennis Club in Palos Verdes, CA., two Golf courses at the Los Serranos Country Club in Chino Hills, California, and racehorses. Starting in 1948, the Jack Kramer Autograph tennis racket from Wilson Sporting Goods became the most popular selling racket of all time for over 35 years (Wilson Sporting Goods-1984).[6]

Tennis career

Amateur player

He began his tennis career by taking lessons from renowned teaching professional, Dick Skeen. Within a year, he was playing junior tournaments. He played on the Montebello High School tennis team with George Richards. Because of his obvious ability and his family's lack of money, he came under the guidance of Perry T. Jones. at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC). Jones was the President of the Southern California Tennis Association (SCTA). Kramer traveled many hours each day from his home in Montebello, California, to play tennis at the LATC and the Beverly Hills Tennis Club. He was able to play against such great players as Ellsworth Vines, Bobby Riggs, and Bill Tilden. He was the National Boys' Champion in 1936, and the winner of the 1938 National Juniors Interscholastics. He competed occasionally in men's tournaments on grass courts in the East. He won matches against nationally ranked men such as Elwood Cooke. He also played with high school teammate, George Richards, who later was nationally ranked.

Kramer competed at the U.S. National Championships seven times from 1938 through 1947. He lost his first match in 1938 in straight sets, winning only two games. At the 1939 U.S. Championships he was beaten in the second round by 11th-seeded and fellow Californian Joe Hunt. In 1940 Kramer defeated fourth-seeded Frank Parker in a five-sets quarterfinal but lost to second-seeded and eventual champion Don McNeill in the semifinal. At the 1941 Championships he was seeded for the first time, at No. 11, and reached the quarterfinal where third-seeded Frank Kovacs proved too strong. Kramer received a leave from his duties in the Coast Guard to compete at the 1943 Championships. Seeded second, he reached the final, despite being weakened by food poisoning, but lost it to Joe Hunt in four sets.[8] During World War II he continued to win prizes in the United States, since the war had effectively put an end to international tennis, but did not compete in the U.S. Championships in 1944 and 1945.[9]

The first Grand Slam tournament Kramer entered after the war was the 1946 Wimbledon Championships where he was seeded second but was upset in by Jaroslav Drobný in a five-set fourth round match. At the 1946 U.S. Championships he was seeded third but managed to win his first Major singles title after a straight-set victory in the final against Tom Brown, losing just a single set in the tournament. At the 1947 Wimbledon Championships Kramer was seeded first and justified it by winning the title after another straight-sets win against Brown in a final that lasted only 48 minutes.[8] At 1947 U.S. Championships number one seed Kramer faced Frank Parker in the final. Parker won the first two sets as Kramer struggled to find form. Then, Kramer "changed suddenly from a stumbling novice to a raging perfectionist"[10] and went on to win in five sets to retain his title.

Kramer made his debut for the US Davis Cup team in 1939 in the final of the World Group against Australia. Together with Joe Hunt they lost the doubles match against John Bromwich and Adrian Quist.[11][6] In 1946 and 1947 he was part of the winning US team, defeating Australia in both finals and winning all four of his singles matches. After 1947 he became ineligible to play for the Davis Cup on account of becoming a professional player. He compiled a Davis Cup match record of seven wins and two losses.[12]

Professional player

Kramer turned professional in November 1947, signing a $50,000 per year contract with promoter Jack Harris.[13] He made his pro debut against Bobby Riggs on December 26, 1947, at Madison Square Garden.[14] 15,114 people showed up for the match in one of the worst snow storms in New York history to watch Riggs win.[15][16] Kramer went on to win the tour with Riggs 69 to 20 and became the top professional for the next six years.[17][7] Kramer beat Riggs in the final of the US Professional Championships in June 1948 in four sets. Riggs "blew a 5-3 lead in that all-telling opening set, and after that he was licked, showing obvious fatigue even though he did manage to rally to win the third set". [18] Kramer was awarded $1,450 for winning the singles, and $412 for winning the doubles.[19] In June 1949, Kramer won the Wembley Professional Championships, beating Riggs in the final. "Riggs set a fast pace in the first set, but he appeared, to burn himself out in the early stages of the match".[20] In 1949–50, Kramer beat Pancho Gonzales 94 matches to 29 in the World Series.[21][22][23][24] In the 1950–51 World Series, Kramer beat Pancho Segura 64 matches to 28. Kramer beat Frank Sedgman, 54–41, in the 1953 World Series.[25][26] Kramer also won tours of South America and Australasia[27] in 1948. Kramer retired from competitive tennis in 1954 due to arthritic back problems and went on to promote his Pro Tour.[28] He made brief comebacks on tours with Hoad and Rosewall in the late 1950s.

Author

In his 1979 autobiography, The Game: My 40 Years in Tennis, Kramer calls Helen Wills Moody the best women's tennis player that he ever saw. "She was the champion of the world, when I was 15 and played her. – she won Seven Forest Hills and Eight Wimbledons.... I beat her, but Helen played a very good game."[29]

Kramer ranked the best possessors of tennis shots as of 1979:[29]

Tony Trabert and Jack Kramer in 1955

Kramer's serve and forehand were equal to the best players in the game, but he would not talk about his own strokes.

Kramer attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, and he played on the tennis team in the 1941 and 1942 seasons. Pauline Betz was there at the same time.

Commentator

Kramer started working for the BBC as a commentator on the Wimbledon Championships in 1960, a role in which he was very popular because of his intimate off-court knowledge of most of the players.[7][8] He was paired with Dan Maskell in the commentators booth. However, he was dropped by the BBC in 1973 because of his role in the ATP boycott of Wimbledon that year, which saw 81 players, including defending champion Stan Smith, stay away from the tournament.[30]

Thoroughbred racing

A fan of Thoroughbred racing, Jack Kramer owned and raced a number of Thoroughbred horses.[31]

Death

Jack Kramer died from a soft tissue cancer on September 12, 2009 at his home in the Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. [32][6]

Awards and honors

Kramer was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1968.[33] From 1979 until 1981 the Los Angeles Tennis Open, a tournament he was involved with since the 1950s, was known as the "Jack Kramer Open".[34][35] He was portrayed by actor Bill Pullman in the 2017 movie Battle of the Sexes.

In the Tennis Channel series "100 Greatest of All Time" in 2012, Kramer was ranked the 21st greatest male tennis player of all time.

Grand Slam finals

Singles (3 titles, 1 runner-up)
Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score
Loss1943U.S. ChampionshipsGrass Joe Hunt3–6, 8–6, 8–10, 0–6
Win1946U.S. Championships (1)Grass Tom Brown9–7, 6–3, 6–0
Win1947WimbledonGrass Tom Brown6–1, 6–3, 6–2
Win1947U.S. Championships (2)Grass Frank Parker4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 6–3

Doubles (6 titles)
Result Year Championship Surface Partner Opponents Score
Win1940U.S. ChampionshipsGrass Ted Schroeder Gardnar Mulloy
Henry Prusoff		6–4, 8–6, 9–7
Win1941U.S. ChampionshipsGrass Ted Schroeder Wayne Sabin
Gardnar Mulloy		9–7, 6–4, 6–2
Win1943U.S. ChampionshipsGrass Frank Parker Bill Talbert
David Freeman		6–2, 6–4, 6–4
Win1946WimbledonGrass Tom Brown Geoff Brown
Dinny Pails		6–4, 6–4, 6–2
Win1947WimbledonGrass Bob Falkenburg Tony Mottram
Bill Sidwell		8–6, 6–3, 6–3
Win1947U.S. ChampionshipsGrass Ted Schroeder Bill Talbert
Bill Sidwell		6–4, 7–5, 6–3

Pro Slam finals

Singles (2 titles, 1 runner-up)
Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score
Win1948US ProGrass Bobby Riggs14–12, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3
Win1949Wembley ProIndoor Bobby Riggs2–6, 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
Loss1952Wembley ProIndoor Pancho Gonzales6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 4–6, 5–7
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gollark: Hmm, a potatOS uninstaller? REVERSE ENGINEERING TIME!

References
  1. "Jack Kramer: Career match record". thetennisbase.com. Tennis Base. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  2. United States Lawn Tennis Association (1972). Official Encyclopedia of Tennis (First Edition), p. 425.
  3. Thomas Bonk (August 1, 2008). "Kramer might have been best ever". Los Angeles Times.
  4. "Analyzing the Greatest Players of All Time". Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  5. Bruce Jenkins (March 27, 2012). "A look at Tennis Channel's Top 100". SI.com.
  6. T. Rees Shapiro (September 14, 2009). "Jack Kramer, 88, Dies; Wimbledon Champion Helped Found Tennis Pro Organization". Washington Post.
  7. Richard Goldstein (September 13, 2009). "Jack Kramer, 88, Champion, Promoter and Powerful Force in Tennis, Is Dead". The New York Times.
  8. Collins, Bud (2016). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (3rd ed.). New York: New Chapter Press. pp. 636–637. ISBN 978-1-937559-38-0.
  9. "Jack Kramer". The Daily Telegraph. London. September 14, 2009.
  10. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 15 September 1947
  11. "Davis Cup doubles to Australia". The Mercury. CLI (21, 458). September 5, 1939. p. 14 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. "Davis Cup – player profile". International Tennis Federation (ITF).
  13. "Jack Kramer turns pro at $50,000 year". Lincoln Evening Journal. AP. November 13, 1947. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com. Jack Kramer, twice national amateur singles tennis champion, and hero in America's last two Davis Cup matches with Australia, Wednesday joined the professional ranks at an annual salary of $50,000, largest contract ever offered a tennis star.
  14. "Kramer Also Joins Ranks Of "Pro's"". Goulburn Evening Post. November 13, 1947. p. 5 (Daily and Evening) – via National Library of Australia.
  15. Hugh Fullerton Jr. (December 27, 1947). "Bobby Riggs Spoils Jack Kramer's Pro Debut, Winning Garden Match In 4 Sets Before Record Crowd". Times Daily. AP. p. 8 – via Google News Archive.
  16. Dave Anderson (January 21, 1963). "Tennis In A Blizzard". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 18 no. 3. pp. M3–M4.
  17. Bud Collins (2010). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (2nd ed.). [New York]: New Chapter Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0942257700.
  18. "The Los Angeles Times, 21 June 1948". newspapers.com.
  19. Gregory Ruth, "Pancho's Racket and the Long Road to Professional Tennis", 2017. P.206
  20. "The Hartford Courant, 5 June 1949". newspapers.com.
  21. "The Des Moines Register, 22 May 1950". newspapers.com.
  22. "The San Bernardino County Sun, 22 May 1950". newspapers.com.
  23. "Newport Daily News, 22 May 1950". newspapers.com.
  24. "Star-Gazette from Elmira, New York, 22 May 1950". newspapers.com.
  25. "The Times from San Mateo, California, 1 June 1953". newspapers.com.
  26. "The Los Angeles Times, 1 June 1953". newspapers.com.
  27. The Argus (Melbourne), November 15 1948
  28. Steve Flink (September 14, 2009). "Jack Kramer: Tennis player who won Wimbledon and went on to lead the men's game into the professional era". The Independent.
  29. Jack Kramer and Frank Deford (1979) The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis. Putnam. pp. 295–296. ISBN 0-399-12336-9
  30. Michael Gray (September 13, 2009). "Jack Kramer obituary". The Guardian.
  31. "Longden Plans Summer Tor of Riding Duty at Del Mar". San Bernardino Sun, Volume 68, page 28. July 12, 1962. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  32. Dwyre, Bill (September 13, 2009). "Jack Kramer, tennis champ and promoter, dies at 88". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  33. "5 Are Selected for Net Honor". The Milwaukee Journal. August 6, 1968.
  34. "Tennis Great Jack Kramer Dead at 88". Fox News. September 13, 2009.
  35. John Barrett, ed. (1980). World of Tennis : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. pp. 100, 101. ISBN 9780362020120.

Sources
  • Tennis is my Racket (1949), Bobby Riggs
  • Man with a Racket (1959), Pancho Gonzales
  • Big Bill Tilden, The Triumph and the Tragedy (1979), Frank Deford
  • Tennis Players are Made, not Born (1976), Dick Skeen
  • Little Pancho (2009), Caroline Seebohm
  • The Factory System (August 1950), Perry T. Jones in Life Magazine
  • Mental Tennis (1994), Vic Braden
  • As It Was (2009), Gardnar Mulloy
  • Never Make the First Offer (2009), Donald Dell
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