Isidor Straus
Isidor Straus (February 6, 1845 – April 15, 1912) was a Bavarian-born American Jewish businessman, politician and co-owner of Macy's department store with his brother Nathan. He also served for just over a year as a member of the United States House of Representatives.[2] He died with his wife, Ida, in the sinking of the passenger ship RMS Titanic.
Isidor Straus | |
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| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 15th district | |
| In office January 30, 1894 – March 3, 1895 | |
| Preceded by | Ashbel P. Fitch |
| Succeeded by | Philip B. Low[1] |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 6, 1845 Otterberg, Palatinate, then ruled by the Kingdom of Bavaria |
| Died | April 15, 1912 (aged 67) Sinking of the RMS Titanic |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children |
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| Occupation | Co-owner of Macy's department store |
Early life
Isidor Straus was born into a Jewish family in Otterberg in the former Palatinate, then ruled by the Kingdom of Bavaria. He was the first of five children of Lazarus Straus (1809–1898) and his second wife and first cousin, Sara Straus (1823–1876).[3] His siblings were Hermine (1846–1922), Nathan (1848–1931), Jakob Otto (1849–1851) and Oscar Solomon Straus (1850–1926). In 1854 he and his family immigrated to the United States, following his father, Lazarus, who immigrated two years before. They settled first in Columbus, Georgia, and then lived in Talbotton, Georgia, where their house still exists today. He was preparing to go to the United States Military Academy at West Point when the outbreak of the American Civil War prevented him from doing so.[4] In 1861, he was elected an officer in a Confederate military unit but was not allowed to serve because of his youth; in 1863, he went to England to secure ships for blockade running.[5]
Career
After the Civil War, they moved to New York City, where Lazarus convinced Rowland Hussey Macy, founder of Macy's, to allow L. Straus & Sons to open a crockery department in the basement of his store.
Isidor Straus worked at L. Straus & Sons, which became the glass and china department at Macy's. In 1888, he and Nathan Straus became partners of Macy's. By 1896, Isidor and his brother Nathan had gained full ownership of R. H. Macy & Co.[6]
Marriage and children
In 1871, Isidor Straus married Rosalie Ida Blun (1849–1912). They were parents to seven children (one of whom died in infancy):
- Jesse Isidor Straus (1872–1936), who married Irma Nathan (1877–1970), and served as U.S. Ambassador to France, 1933–1936
- Clarence Elias Straus (1874–1876), who died in infancy
- Percy Selden Straus (1876–1944), who married Edith Abraham (1882–1957), daughter of Abraham Abraham[7]
- Sara Straus (1878–1960), who married Dr. Alfred Fabian Hess (1875–1933)[8]
- Minnie Straus (1880–1940), who married Dr. Richard Weil (1876–1917)
- Herbert Nathan Straus (1881–1933), who married Therese Kuhn in 1907 (1884–1977)
- Vivian Straus (1886–1967)[9] first married Herbert Adolph Scheftel (1875–1914) with whom she had two of her three children and second, in 1917, married George A. Dixon, Jr. (1891–1956)[10]
His great-great granddaughter is singer King Princess.[11]
Political career
He served as a U.S. Congressman from January 30, 1894, to March 3, 1895, as a Democratic representative of New York's 15th congressional district. He won a special election in January 1894[12] to complete the term of Ashbel P. Fitch, who had resigned to become New York City Comptroller. Straus did not run for re-election in the general election of November 1894. Also, Straus was president of The Educational Alliance and a prominent worker in charitable and educational movements, very much interested in civil service reform and the general extension of education. He declined the office of Postmaster General which was offered him by U.S. President Grover Cleveland.[13]
When the newly formed Mutual Alliance Trust Company opened for business in New York on the Tuesday after June 29, 1902, there were 13 directors, including Emanuel Lehman, William Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Straus.[14]
Death on the Titanic
Traveling back from a winter in Europe, mostly spent at Cape Martin in southern France, Isidor and his wife were passengers on the RMS Titanic when, at about 11:40 p.m. on April 14, 1912, it hit an iceberg. Once it was clear the Titanic was sinking, Ida refused to leave Isidor and would not get into a lifeboat without him. According to friend and Titanic survivor Colonel Archibald Gracie IV, when he offered to ask an officer if Isidor could enter a lifeboat with Ida, Isidor refused to be made an exception; Ida is reported to have said, "I will not be separated from my husband. As we have lived, so will we die, together." Ida gave her maid, Ellen Bird, her fur coat and insisted she get into lifeboat #8. Isidor and Ida were last seen on deck arm in arm. Eyewitnesses described the scene as a "most remarkable exhibition of love and devotion". The ship sank at 2:20 am. Isidor's body was recovered by the cable ship Mackay-Bennett and taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where it was identified before being shipped to New York. He was first buried in the Straus-Kohns Mausoleum at Beth-El Cemetery in Brooklyn, then moved to the Straus Mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx in 1928. Ida's body was never found, so the family collected water from the wreck site and placed it in an urn in the mausoleum. Isidor and Ida are memorialized on a cenotaph outside the mausoleum with a quote from the Song of Solomon (8:7): "Many waters cannot quench love—neither can the floods drown it."[15]
Memorials
In addition to the cenotaph at Woodlawn Cemetery, there are three other memorials to Isidor and Ida Straus in their adopted home of New York City:
- A memorial plaque can be seen on the main floor of Macy's Department Store in Manhattan.
- The Isidor and Ida Straus Memorial is located in Straus Park, at the intersection of Broadway and West End Avenue at 106th Street (Duke Ellington Boulevard) in Manhattan.[16] The park is one block from where they resided at 105th Street and West End Avenue (now the site of the Cleburne Building). An inscription reads, "Lovely and pleasant they were in their lives, and in death they were not divided." (2 Samuel 1:23)
- New York City Public School P.S. 198, built in Manhattan in 1959, is named in memory of Isidor and Ida Straus. The building, at Third Avenue between East 95th and 96th Streets, shares space with another school, P.S. 77.[17]
Straus Hall, one of Harvard's freshman residence halls in Harvard Yard, was given in honor of the Strauses by their three sons.[18]
In popular culture
The couple is portrayed in the 1953 film Titanic, the 1958 film A Night to Remember, and in the musical Titanic, in scenes that are faithful to the accounts described above. In the 1997 film Titanic, the Strauses are briefly depicted kissing and holding each other in their bed as their stateroom floods with water, during a sequence of emotional events while the ship's string quartet plays the hymn "Nearer My God to Thee". A deleted scene shows Isidor (played by Lew Palter) attempting to persuade Ida (played by Elsa Raven) to enter a lifeboat, which she refuses to do.
References
Notes
- "Isidor Straus Biography". History, Art and Archives. Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
- "STRAUS, Isidor - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov.
- "Reminiscences of Jacob Greenebaum, Sr. - Written for his Children in 1859 Volume 2 Number 1" (PDF). Straus Historical Society. August 2000.
: Johanette GREENEBAUM married Isaak STRAUS in about 1808. They were the parents of 14 children. Their oldest, Lazarus STRAUS, married his first cousin, Sara STRAUS. Lazarus and Sara were the parents of Isidor, Hermine, Nathan and Oscar
- The Encyclopedia Americana: A universal reference library ..., Volume 14 1905
- Jewish Encyclopedia Isidor Straus; for details of his brief service see Kurt Stone's "The Jews of Capital Hill.."(p.54)
- Straus, Isidor. Autobiography of Isidor Straus. Independently published by the Straus Historical Society, 2011. p. 117-150
- "Straus, Percy Selden, 1876-1944". The Frick Collection - Archives Directory for the History of Collecting in America. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- Harvard College Class of 1897 Fourth Report. Forgotten Books. February 6, 2018. p. 197. ISBN 9781334712180.
- Vivian Straus Dixon at Find a Grave
- Lyons, Richard D. (January 21, 1994). "Stuart Scheftel, 83; Executive Took Part In Many Civic Posts". The New York Times. New York Times.
- Newstead, Al (October 19, 2018). "King Princess on reappropriating White Stripes and her "extra as hell" family history". triple j. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
- https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=786090
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
- "Mutual Alliance Trust Co.", The New York Times, New York, p. 35, January 23, 2017, retrieved September 28, 2017
- Straus, Isidor. Autobiography of Isidor Straus. Independently published by the Straus Historical Society, 2011. p.168–176
- Straus, Isidor. Autobiography of Isidor Straus. Independently published by the Straus Historical Society, 2011. p. 175-176
- Thrasher, Steven (February 23, 2010). "Inside a Divided Upper East Side Public School: Whites in the front door, blacks in the back door". The Village Voice. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
- "Harvard Gazette: This month in Harvard history".
Further reading
- Donald E. Wilkes Jr, Georgians Died on Titanic (1994).
External links
- Encyclopedia Titanica Biography of Isidor Strauss
- United States Congress. "Isidor Straus (id: S001000)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Straus article at JewishEncyclopedia.com
- Straus Historical Society
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ashbel P. Fitch |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 15th congressional district 1894–1895 |
Succeeded by Philip B. Low |
Authority control  |
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