India–Nepal border

The India–Nepal border is an open international border running between India and Nepal. The 1,751 km (1,088.02 mi) long border includes the Himalayan territories as well as Indo-Gangetic Plain. The current border was delimited after the Sugauly treaty of 1816 between Nepal and the British Raj. Following Indian independence, the current border was recognized as the border between Nepal and the Republic of India.

India–Nepal border
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Characteristics
Entities India    Nepal
Length1,690 kilometres (1,050 mi)
History
Established1816
Treaty of Sugauli between Nepal and British Raj
Current shape15 August 1947
Independence of the Republic of India from British Raj
Treaties1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship

Major border crossings

Major border crossings the Integrated Check Posts (ICP) for processing the cargo customs and immigration entry for citizens of third countries.

Major crossings from west to east.

  1. Banbasa in Champawat district, Uttarakhand, India - Kanchanpur District in District, Nepal
  2. Rupaidiha in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh - Nepalganj in Banke District, Nepal
  3. Sonauli in Maharajganj district, Uttar Pradesh, India - Siddharthanagar in Rupandehi District, Nepal
  4. Raxaul in East Champaran district, Bihar, India - Birgunj, Nepal (also known as Gateway of Nepal)
  5. Jogbani in Araria district, Bihar, India - Biratnagar, Nepal
  6. Panitanki in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India - Kakarbhitta, Nepal

Smaller border crossings

Since there are no fences at the India–Nepal border there are several smaller official and unofficial border crossings. Smaller official border crossings are known as Chhoti Bhansar (Minor Customs) in Nepalese language.

Uttarakhand

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttarakhand state of India:

Uttar Pradesh

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state of India:

Bihar

There are following crossings, from west to east, in Bihar state of India:

West Bengal

There are following crossings, from west to east, in West Bengal state of India:

Border security

The India–Nepal border is relatively peaceful. Indian and Nepali nationals do not need passports or visas to enter each other's countries, tens of thousands of people cross the border every day for tourism and shopping.

The Indian side of the border is regulated by Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) along with local police. The Nepali side of the border is regulated by the Armed Police Force (APF) along with the local branch of Nepal Police. Often SSB (India) and APF (Nepal) perform joint patrols on the border.[1]

On a local level, Indian and Nepali district officials meet regularly to discuss security challenges and other issues on their respective border portions. Such meetings are usually attended by District Magistrates, local SSB representatives, customs chiefs from India including the Chief District Officer (CDO), local APF, Police and custom chiefs from Nepal.[2]

Border disputes
See also: Territorial disputes of India and Nepal

There are two existing territorial disputes between India and Nepal, over the Kalapani territory, a 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi) area at the India–Nepal–China border in North West Nepal, and Susta, a 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi) area in Southern Nepal.[3][4]

On 12 June 2020, Nepal Police allegedly killed one Indian and injured four others at the border in Sitamarhi district in Bihar when they illegally tried to enter Nepal at the time of lockdown.[5]

Blockade

Over the years following blockades have been imposed on the India–Nepal border:

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See also

References
  1. "Armed Police Force, SSB start joint patrolling on no man's land". The Himalayan Times. 7 Jan 2019.
  2. "Nepal-India border security meeting concludes". The Himalayan Times. 16 Oct 2018.
  3. "International Boundary Consultants". Archived from the original on 7 April 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  4. "Nepal objects to India-China trade pact via Lipu-Lekh Pass". 9 June 2015 – via The Economic Times.
  5. Kumar, Avinash (2020-06-12). "1 Indian killed, 4 injured in firing by Nepal police near border with Bihar". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
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