Ilhéus

Ilhéus (Portuguese: [iˈʎɛws]) is a major city located in the southern coastal region of Bahia, Brazil, 211 km south of Salvador, the state's capital. The city was founded in 1534 as Vila de São Jorge dos Ilhéus and is known as one of the most important tourism centers of the northeast of Brazil.

Ilhéus
Municipality
The Municipality of
São Jorge dos Ilhéos
Beach in Ilhéus
(June 2006)
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Princesinha do Sul (Little Princess of the South)
Location of Ilhéus
Coordinates: 14°47′20″S 39°02′56″W
Country Brazil
RegionNordeste
State Bahia
Founded28 June 1536
Government
 • MayorMário Alexandre
Area
 • Total1,588.555 km2 (613.345 sq mi)
Elevation
52 m (171 ft)
Population
 (2018 est.[2])
 • Total164,844
 • Density100/km2 (270/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-3

Location and economy

Ilhéus has approximately 222,000 inhabitants, with an area of 1850 km sq, and its downtown is located 1 km away from the Atlantic Ocean. Once one of the biggest exporters of cocoa beans, the city depends almost entirely on tourism.

The city's economy is based mainly on tourism, as a result of its beaches and cultural heritage that includes early Portuguese buildings, history and culinary distinctions, which bring to the city many Brazilian and foreign tourists.

Ilhéus is the hometown of Jorge Amado, the best known writer in Brazil. He wrote over 25 novels, which were translated into 48 languages and stayed on bestseller lists in 52 countries. His novels like Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon and Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands portray life and customs in the Northeastern region of Brazil. The plots of these and his other major works largely treat the lives of poor urban and rural black and mulatto communities of Bahia, as well as the land wars that raged in Ilhéus, where cocoa barons killed each other for power and cocoa plantations.

Conservation

The municipality contains a small part of the 23,262 hectares (57,480 acres) Una Wildlife Refuge, which surrounds the Una Biological Reserve in the neighboring municipality of Una.[3] It contains 15% of the 9,275 hectares (22,920 acres) Serra do Conduru State Park, created in 1997.[4] It contains part of the 157,745 hectares (389,800 acres) Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada Environmental Protection Area, created in 1993. The APA is threatened by water pollution from sewage and garbage, since most of the communities have no sanitation. There are irregular settlements of squatters in the coastal area. Other threats include irregular fishing, deforestation, fires, hunting and the illegal trade in wild animals.[5]

Landmarks

Beaches
Do Norte (Northern Beach)

Mixing a strip of coconut trees with rich vegetation of native Atlantic Forest, running parallel to the beach for many kilometers there is the Almada River. There visitors will find standardized stalls and a very long bicycle lane. It is a good place for swimming, walking, surfing, and fishing.

São Miguel (da Barra) (Saint Michael's Beach – Beach of the Sandbank)

It is a beach, with coconut trees, clear sands, and calm waters. The infrastructure on the beach includes stalls and lodges located in the local fishermen's village.

Da Avenida (Beach of the Avenue)

Centrally located, its main attractions are on the seashore, where many facilities have been built, such as multiple-activity sports courts, a bike lane, a band shell, and the Luís Eduardo Magalhães Conventions Center.

Do Cristo (Christ's Beach)

As its name indicates, there is a statue of the Redeeming Christ on this beach. Its waters are recommended for various water sports, such as kayaking, jet-skiing, and Hobie Cat sailing.

Da Concha (Shell's Beach)

A small-sized beach, with a total width of only 100 meters (about 330 feet). From there, tourists have a good view of the Baía do Pontal (End Beach) and of the Avenida Beach (Beach of the Avenue). Located at the base of Pernambuco Hill, it still has areas of native vegetation mixed with many coconut trees. Its waters are calm, ideal for swimming.

Do Sul (Southern Beach)

Having as its main characteristic a thick field of coconut trees and traces of the native Atlantic Forest, this urban beach is one of the busies beaches in the city. Along its whole length tourists will find a great number of food stalls, most of which specialize in the typical dishes of the state of Bahia. In the sea, there are stretches of reefs and natural swimming pools with sandy bottoms.

Dos Milionários (Millionaires’ Beach)

Its name is a direct consequence of the fact that it was formerly the beach of choice of the rich cocoa “colonels” (local farm owners, caudillos). Today, it is the most desired beach on the south coast, by swimmers and tourists alike, who love its very long strip of sand bordered by a row of coconut trees. Its infrastructure includes a camping site, several standardized stalls, showers, and rest rooms.

Cururupe

A rich beach in number of growths of mangroves, it also has rental huts and kayaks. It also has great historical importance, because it was the stage of a fierce battle in 1559, which destroyed almost completely the village of the Brazilian Indians.

Back Door

The first beach of the Olivença district, the Back Door beach is characterized by its enormous waves. Because of this, the beach has become the beach of choice for the most important surfing championships held in the state of Bahia.

Batuba

Its landscape is a mix of vast areas of coconut trees and many reefs. It is a very busy beach, much appreciated by surfers. There are several adjacent restaurants specializing in seafood. There is also a good camping site, with all the usual facilities.

Cai N’água (Milagres) (Fall in the Water – Miracles Beach)

With well equipped stalls, many swimming areas of clear still water, this beach is perfect for the enjoyment of families. It is located within the zone of the settlement with the same name, and contains many summer vacation houses as well.

Canabrava

One of the favorite beaches for vacationers, on the beach there are countless rental houses and cottages. Its landscape is a mix of coconut tree fields, coral reefs, and large resorts.

Acuípe

This beach has a mix of sandbank vegetation and a spread of coconut trees. In Acuípe, tourists will find several hotels and lodges offering visitors an excellent infrastructure. The beach is good for walking, sea bathing, and reel fishing.

In town
Museu Casa de Cultura Jorge Amado (Jorge Amado House of Culture Museum)

The estate was bought by Colonel João Amado, father of Jorge Amado, the most famous writer of the state of Bahia. There, the Colonel built his large house, with lounges decorated in jacaranda wood and Carrara marble. Its construction started at the beginning of the 1920s, and was finished in 1926. The writer spent part of his life here. The house has also been used as the headquarters of the Clube dos Bancários (Club of the Bank Employees), and of the Faculdade de Direito de Ilhéus (Ilhéus College of Law). Today, it houses the Fundação Cultural de Ilhéus (Ilhéus Cultural Foundation) and the Casa de Jorge Amado (Jorge Amado's House). The building is a cultural centre that pays homage to the writer and whose main objective is the advancement of local culture.

Jorge Amado de Faria (August 10, 1912 – August 6, 2001) was a Brazilian writer of the Modernist school. He was the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, his work having been translated into some 30 languages and popularized in film, notably Dona Flor and her Two Husbands (Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos) in 1978. His work dealt largely with the poor urban black and mulatto communities of Bahia.

São Jorge de Ilhéus Church (Saint George of Ilhéus Church)

This church dates back to the end of the seventeenth century, according to the Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural do Estado da Bahia – IPAC/BA (Institute of the Artistic and Cultural Patrimony of the State of Bahia).

Sacred Art Museum

It is located next to the São Jorge de Ilhéus Church. Its collection includes a secular statue of Saint George, sacred documents, valuable items and objects from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, and a panel portraying the history of Ilhéus. The museum is supported by the Metropolitan Curia.

Catedral São Sebastião (Cathedral of Saint Sebastian)

Designed by Solomon Silveira, construction began on the cathedral in 1931 and it was dedicated in 1967. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ilhéus.

Bar Vesúvio (Vesuvius Bar)

The Bar Vesúvio (Vesuvius Bar) has been one of the most visited places in the town ever since its creation, at the end of the 1920s, when it was frequented by cocoa farmers who would meet their friends and recount their stories and love conquests. Many visitors and tourists who drop by know it from the Jorge Amado novel Gabriela, Cravo e Canela (Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon), and who come to savor the famous “Nacib’s kibbeh” – one of dishes most referred to in the novel, in which Mr. Nacib is the owner of the Vesuvius bar, the place where young Gabriela works.

Ecoparque de Una (Una's Ecopark)

At 19 km (11.81 mi.) from the Una Biological Reservation, the Una Ecopark begins in the middle of a rubber plantation where visitors can see the manual extraction of the sap of the rubber tree. Trails in the park take visitors to a suspended footbridge, of some 20 meters (65.62 feet) of height, in the crown of the trees, with a privileged view of the Atlantic Forest. During the ride, often are tourists dazzled with the “visit” of the nice Golden Lion Tamarins. The final prize is a refreshing bath in the waters of the Maruim River. This ride requires its prior scheduling with the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of the Environment and the Renewable Natural Resources).

Mata da Esperança Botanical Garden (Hope Woods Botanical Garden)

With an immense variety of species of the Atlantic Forest, the Mata da Esperança Park – today the Botanical Garden – represents a place of resistance and preservation of the native fauna and flora of the area. Either form bicycle or on foot, visitors can cover its trails, having a unique possibility of enjoying the wonders kept there, such as the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin.

Engenho da Esperança (Esperança Sugar Mill)

Around the sixteenth century, in the area where today is the Botanical Garden there was the Engenho da Esperança (Esperança Sugar Mill). It is worth paying the place a visit to see its ruins and learn about the histories of the place's past. The company of a guide to show the ways and guide the hikes is fundamental. In the town's center, tourists may rent bicycles. With them, the whole ride, which lasts some three hours on foot, is reduced to only one hour.

Centro de Recuperação do Bicho-Preguiça (Sloth Recovery Center)

The center is located within the area of Atlantic Forest, in the Centro Educativo da Natureza (Educational Center of the Nature). That center, which serves to both recover and re-introduce species of sloth into its natural habitat, won the 1998 Prêmio Natureza (1998 Nature Prize). The animals of the Centro de Recuperação (Recovery Center) dazzle visitors because of how much they resemble plush animals, and for their friendliness in the contact with humans. During the rides, which last four hours on the average, it is possible to see other species of animals and plants, natural to the Atlantic Forest. To visit the Center, tourists have to schedule the visit in advance, calling the center at +55 73 3214-3014/3016/3013.

Geography

Climate

Ilhéus has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af).

Climate data for Ilhéus
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.1
(93.4)		 33.6
(92.5)		 32.2
(90.0)		 31.3
(88.3)		 30.6
(87.1)		 29.0
(84.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.4
(83.1)		 29.0
(84.2)		 30.4
(86.7)		 30.0
(86.0)		 30.6
(87.1)		 34.1
(93.4)
Average high °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4)		 29.3
(84.7)		 29.4
(84.9)		 28.7
(83.7)		 27.5
(81.5)		 26.4
(79.5)		 25.8
(78.4)		 26.0
(78.8)		 26.4
(79.5)		 27.6
(81.7)		 27.8
(82.0)		 28.5
(83.3)		 27.7
(81.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.9
(78.6)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 22.7
(72.9)		 22.0
(71.6)		 22.2
(72.0)		 23.2
(73.8)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.9
(76.8)		 25.4
(77.7)		 24.3
(75.8)
Average low °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.8
(71.2)		 20.9
(69.6)		 19.7
(67.5)		 18.9
(66.0)		 18.7
(65.7)		 19.7
(67.5)		 20.9
(69.6)		 21.5
(70.7)		 22.1
(71.8)		 20.9
(69.6)
Record low °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9)		 18.1
(64.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 18.4
(65.1)		 16.1
(61.0)		 15.0
(59.0)		 14.4
(57.9)		 12.8
(55.0)		 15.4
(59.7)		 16.5
(61.7)		 17.7
(63.9)		 18.7
(65.7)		 12.8
(55.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 151.2
(5.95)		 182.4
(7.18)		 216.9
(8.54)		 204.7
(8.06)		 144.5
(5.69)		 200.6
(7.90)		 200.5
(7.89)		 134.4
(5.29)		 128.7
(5.07)		 146.9
(5.78)		 146.1
(5.75)		 178.6
(7.03)		 2,035.5
(80.13)
Average precipitation days 15 15 17 15 14 16 18 16 13 13 14 13 179
Average relative humidity (%) 80.4 80.7 81.5 83.0 85.7 86.5 86.6 85.2 83.7 83.1 82.8 82.0 83.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 220.2 215.6 235.9 203.4 199.8 191.3 197.7 210.8 198.5 199.5 190.2 220.2 2,483.1
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (normal climatológica de 1961-1990;[6] recordes de temperatura de 01/01/1961 a
31/12/1970, 01/01/1973 a 31/12/1980, 01/01/1986 a 31/03/1989 e 01/07/1992 a 30/04/1994)[7][8]

Transport

with destinations Belo Horizonte-Confins (CNF), Campinas (VCP), Salvador (SSA), São Paulo-Congonhas (CGH) and São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU).

  • Sea: Port of Ilhéus.

Sister city

Notable people
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References
  1. "Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics" (in Portuguese). 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2019. 2018 Area Total
  2. "Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics" (PDF) (in Portuguese). 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2019. 2018 Estimates of Population
  3. Lisboa, Gilberto Santos; Jesus, Guilhardes de, Júnior; Melo Lisboa, Mateus de (2012), "As limitações administrativas da união no refúgio de vida silvestre de Una, Sul da Bahia", Direito Ambiental e sociedade, 2 (1): 302, retrieved 2016-10-23
  4. Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru: Ficha Técnica (in Portuguese), PESC: Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru, retrieved 2016-10-26
  5. APA Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada (in Portuguese), INEMA, retrieved 2016-10-26
  6. "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL". Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 7/8/2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. "BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura mínima (°C) - Ilhéus". Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 7/8/2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. "BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura máxima (°C) - Ilhéus". Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 7/8/2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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