Heterodonta

Heterodonta
	The venerid species Austrovenus stutchburyi, the New Zealand cockle, is sold internationally as sea food.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Subclass:	Heterodonta
Orders
	Infraclass: Archiheterodonta †Actinodontida; Carditida; ; Infraclass: Euheterodonta Superorder: Anomalodesmata; Superorder: Imparidentia Adapedonta; Cardiida; Galeommatida; Gastrochaenida; †Hippuritida; Lucinida; †Megalodontida; †Modiomorphida; Myida; Sphaeriida; Venerida; ; ;

Heterodonta is a taxonomic subclass of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. This subclass includes the edible clams, the cockles and the Venus clams.[1]

Description

These bivalves are distinguished by having the two halves of the shell equally sized (i.e, they are equivalved) and having a few cardinal teeth separated from a number of long lateral teeth. Their shells lack a nacreous layer, and the gills are lamellibranch in form. Most species have a siphon.[2]

Orders and families

In 2010, a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in by Bieler, Carter & Coan, revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the subclass Heterodonta.[3] The following tree is their info which has been updated with the latest information from the World Register of Marine Species:

Subclass: Heterodonta

Unclassified family: †Lipanellidae
Infraclass: Archiheterodonta[4][5]
- Order: †Actinodontida[6]
  - Superfamily: †Amnigenioidea
    - Family: †Amnigeniidae
    - Family: †Montanariidae
    - Family: †Zadimerodiidae
  - Superfamily: †Anodontopsoidea
    - Family: †Actinodontidae
    - Family: †Anodontopsidae
    - Family: †Baidiostracidae
    - Family: †Cycloconchidae
    - Family: †Intihuarellidae
    - Family: †Redoniidae
  - Superfamily: †Nyassoidea
    - Family: †Nyassidae
  - Superfamily: †Oriocrassatelloidea
    - Family: †Crassatellopsidae
    - Family: †Oriocrassatellidae
  - Superfamily: †Palaeomuteloidea
    - Family: †Palaeomutelidae
- Order: Carditida[7]
  - Unclassified family: †Archaeocardiidae
  - Unclassified family: †Eodonidae
  - Superfamily: Carditoidea
    - Family: †Cardiniidae
    - Family: Carditidae
    - Family: Condylocardiidae
  - Superfamily: Crassatelloidea
    - Family: †Aenigmoconchidae
    - Family: Astartidae
    - Family: Crassatellidae
    - Family: †Myophoricardiidae

Infraclass: Euheterodonta[8]
- Unassigned Euheterodonta[9]
  - Superfamily: †Babinkoidea
  - Superfamily: †Orthonotoidea
- Superorder: Anomalodesmata[10]
  - Superfamily: Clavagelloidea
    - Family: Clavagellidae
    - Family: Penicillidae
  - Superfamily: Cuspidarioidea
    - Family: Cuspidariidae
    - Family: Halonymphidae
    - Family: Protocuspidariidae
    - Family: Spheniopsidae
  - Superfamily: Myochamoidea
    - Family: Cleidothaeridae
    - Family: Myochamidae
  - Superfamily: Pandoroidea
    - Family: Lyonsiidae
    - Family: Pandoridae
  - Superfamily: Pholadomyoidea
    - Family: †Arenigomyidae
    - Family: †Margaritariidae
    - Family: Parilimyidae
    - Family: Pholadomyidae
    - Family: †Ucumariidae
  - Superfamily: Poromyoidea
    - Family: Cetoconchidae
    - Family: Poromyidae
  - Superfamily: Thracioidea
    - Family: †Burmesiidae
    - Family: Clistoconchidae
    - Family: Laternulidae
    - Family: Periplomatidae
    - Family: Thraciidae
  - Superfamily: Verticordioidea
    - Family: Euciroidae
    - Family: Lyonsiellidae
    - Family: Verticordiidae
- Superorder: Imparidentia[11]
  - Unassigned Imparidentia
    - Unassigned Family: †Palaeocarditidae
    - Superfamily: Cyamioidea
      - Family: Cyamiidae
      - Family: Galatheavalvidae
      - Family: Sportellidae
    - Superfamily: Gaimardioidea
      - Family: Gaimardiidae
    - Superfamily: †Grammysioidea
      - Family: †Grammysiidae
      - Family: †Sanguinolitidae
    - Superfamily: †Kalenteroidea
      - Family: †Kalenteridae
  - Order: Adapedonta[12]
    - Superfamily: †Edmondioidea
      - Family: †Edmondiidae
      - Family: †Pachydomidae
    - Superfamily: Hiatelloidea
      - Family: Hiatellidae
    - Superfamily: Solenoidea
      - Family: Pharidae
      - Family: Solenidae
  - Order: Cardiida[13]
    - Superfamily: Cardioidea
      - Family: Cardiidae
      - Family: †Pterocardiidae
    - Superfamily: Tellinoidea
      - Family: Donacidae
      - Family: †Icanotiidae
      - Family: Psammobiidae
      - Family: †Quenstedtiidae
      - Family: Semelidae
      - Family: Solecurtidae
      - Family: †Sowerbyidae
      - Family: †Tancrediidae
      - Family: Tellinidae
      - Family: †Unicardiopsidae
  - Order: Galeommatida[14]
    - Superfamily: Galeommatoidea
      - Family: Basterotiidae
      - Family: Galeommatidae
      - Family: Lasaeidae
  - Order: Gastrochaenida[15]
    - Superfamily: Gastrochaenoidea
      - Family: Gastrochaenidae
  - Order: †Hippuritida (rudists)[16]
    - Suborder: †Hippuritidina
      - Superfamily: †Caprinoidea
        Family: †Antillocaprinidae
        
        Family: †Caprinidae
        
        Family: †Caprinuloideidae
        
        Family: †Ichthyosarcolitidae
      - Superfamily: †Radiolitoidea
        Family: †Caprinulidae
        
        Family: †Caprotinidae
        
        Family: †Diceratidae
        
        Family: †Hippuritidae
        
        Family: †Monopleuridae
        
        Family: †Plagioptychidae
        
        Family: †Polyconitidae
        
        Family: †Radiolitidae
        
        Family: †Trechmannellidae
    - Suborder: †Requieniidina
      - Superfamily: †Requienioidea
        Family: †Epidiceratidae
        
        Family: †Requieniidae
  - Order: Lucinida[17]
    - Superfamily: Lucinoidea
      - Family: Lucinidae
      - Family: †Mactromyidae
      - Family: †Paracyclidae
    - Superfamily: Thyasiroidea
      - Family: Thyasiridae
  - Order: †Megalodontida[18]
    - Superfamily: †Mecynodontoidea
      - Family: †Beichuaniidae
      - Family: †Congeriomorphidae
      - Family: †Mecynodontidae
      - Family: †Plethocardiidae
      - Family: †Prosocoelidae
    - Superfamily: †Megalodontoidea
      - Family: †Ceratomyopsidae
      - Family: †Dicerocardiidae
      - Family: †Megalodontidae
      - Family: †Pachyrismatidae
      - Family: †Wallowaconchidae
  - Order: †Modiomorphida[19]
    - Superfamily: †Modiomorphoidea
      - Family: †Cypricardiniidae
      - Family: †Hippopodiumidae
      - Family: †Modiomorphidae
      - Family: †Palaeopharidae
      - Family: †Tusayanidae
  - Order: Myida[20]
    - Superfamily: Dreissenoidea
      - Family: Dreissenidae
    - Superfamily: Myoidea
      - Family: Corbulidae
      - Family: Myidae
      - Family: †Pleurodesmatidae
      - Family: †Raetomyidae
    - Superfamily: Pholadoidea
      - Family: Pholadidae
      - Family: Teredinidae (shipworms)
      - Family: Xylophagaidae
    - Superfamily: †Pleuromyoidea
      - Family: †Ceratomyidae
      - Family: †Pleuromyidae
      - Family: †Vacunellidae
  - Order: Sphaeriida[21]
    - Superfamily: Sphaerioidea
      - Family: †Neomiodontidae
      - Family: Sphaeriidae
  - Order: Venerida[22]
    - Superfamily: †Anthracosioidea
      - Family: †Anthracosiidae
      - Family: †Ferganoconchida
      - Family: †Shaanxiconchidae
    - Superfamily: Arcticoidea
      - Family: Arcticidae
      - Family: †Pollicidae
      - Family: Trapezidae
      - Family: †Veniellidae
    - Superfamily: Chamoidea
      - Family: Chamidae
    - Superfamily: Cyrenoidea
      - Family: Cyrenidae
      - Family: Cyrenoididae
      - Family: Glauconomidae
    - Superfamily: Glossoidea
      - Family: Glossidae
      - Family: Kelliellidae
      - Family: †Lutetiidae
      - Family: Vesicomyidae
    - Superfamily: Hemidonacoidea
      - Family: Hemidonacidae
    - Superfamily: Mactroidea
      - Family: Anatinellidae
      - Family: Cardiliidae
      - Family: Mactridae
      - Family: Mesodesmatidae
    - Superfamily: †Palaeanodontoidea
      - Family: †Palaeanodontidae
    - Superfamily: †Prilukielloidea
      - Family: †Prilukiellidae
      - Family: †Senderzoniellidae
    - Superfamily: Ungulinoidea
      - Family: Ungulinidae
    - Superfamily: Veneroidea
      - Family: †Isocyprinidae
      - Family: Neoleptonidae
      - Family: Veneridae

Notes:

Family †Lyrodesmatidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heterodonta but has since been classified as Palaeoheterodonta.[23]
Family †Redoniidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heterodonta but has since been classified more specifically as Anodontopsoidea.[24]
Family †Lipanellidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heteroconchia (a proposed infraclass of the proposed bivalve subclass Autobranchia) but has since been classified as uncertain Heterodonta.[25]

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References

Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
Archiheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105-141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
Carditoida Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 August 2010.
Euheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
Unassigned Euheterodonta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 July 2009.
Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
Lucinoida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2010.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
Myoida Stoliczka, 1870. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
Veneroida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lipanellidae Sánchez, 2005 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

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[1] Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.

[IZ-2] Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

[3] Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184

[4] Archiheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.

[5] Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105-141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.

[6] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

[7] Carditoida Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 August 2010.

[8] Euheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.

[9] Unassigned Euheterodonta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 July 2009.

[10] Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[11] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[12] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[13] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[14] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[15] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[16] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[17] Lucinoida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2010.

[18] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[19] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[20] Myoida Stoliczka, 1870. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[21] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[22] Veneroida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[23] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

[24] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

[25] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lipanellidae Sánchez, 2005 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.