Hersilia (spider)

Hersilia, also known as long-spinnered bark spiders and two-tailed spiders, is a genus of tree trunk spiders that was first described by Jean Victoire Audouin in 1826.[2] Their nicknames are a reference to their greatly enlarged spinnerets.

Hersilia
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
A female H. yaeyamaensis from Okinawa
H. savignyi in Ezhimala, Payyannur, Kerala, India, 2012-05-13
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Hersiliidae
Genus: Hersilia
Audouin, 1826[1]
Type species
H. caudata
Audouin, 1826
Species

78, see text

Males can grow up to 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long, and females can grow up to 10 millimetres (0.39 in). They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australasia, on tree trunks, in gardens, or in jungle fringes.[1]

Species

The revisions by Baehr & Baehr[3] and Rheims & Brescovit[4] revealed 26 species in southeast Asia.[5]

As of May 2019 it contains seventy-eight species:[1]

  • H. albicomis Simon, 1887 – Ghana, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
  • H. albinota Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – China
  • H. albomaculata Wang & Yin, 1985 – China
  • H. aldabrensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Seychelles (Aldabra), Comoros
  • H. alluaudi Berland, 1920 – Congo, Tanzania
  • H. arborea Lawrence, 1928 – Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • H. asiatica Song & Zheng, 1982 – China, Thailand, Laos, Taiwan
  • H. australiensis Baehr & Baehr, 1987 – Australia (Northern Territory)
  • H. baforti Benoit, 1967 – Congo, Uganda
  • H. baliensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Laos, Bali
  • H. bifurcata Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Northern Territory)
  • H. bubi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Equatorial Guinea, Uganda
  • H. carobi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Ivory Coast
  • H. caudata Audouin, 1826 (type) – Cape Verde Is., West Africa to China
  • H. clarki Benoit, 1967 – Zimbabwe
  • H. clypealis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
  • H. deelemanae Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • H. eloetsensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Madagascar
  • H. facialis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • H. feai Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Myanmar
  • H. flagellifera Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Laos, Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • H. furcata Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Congo
  • H. hildebrandti Karsch, 1878 – Tanzania
  • H. igiti Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Rwanda
  • H. impressifrons Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Borneo
  • H. incompta Benoit, 1971 – Ivory Coast
  • H. insulana Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
  • H. jajat Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
  • H. kerekot Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
  • H. kinabaluensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Borneo
  • H. lelabah Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – Borneo
  • H. longbottomi Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Western Australia)
  • H. longivulva Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2010 – India
  • H. madagascariensis (Wunderlich, 2004) – Madagascar, Comoros
  • H. madang Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – New Guinea
  • H. mainae Baehr & Baehr, 1995 – Australia (Western Australia)
  • H. martensi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Nepal, Thailand
  • H. mboszi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Cameroon, Ivory Coast
  • H. mimbi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Australia (Western Australia)
  • H. mjoebergi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • H. moheliensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Comoros
  • H. montana Chen, 2007 – Taiwan
  • H. mowomogbe Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Cameroon, Congo
  • H. nentwigi Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Krakatau)
  • H. nepalensis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Nepal
  • H. novaeguineae Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – New Guinea
  • H. occidentalis Simon, 1907 – West, Central, East Africa
  • H. okinawaensis Tanikawa, 1999 – Japan
  • H. orvakalensis Javed, Foord & Tampal, 2010 – India
  • H. pectinata Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia (Borneo), Philippines
  • H. pungwensis Tucker, 1920 – Zimbabwe
  • H. sagitta Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa
  • H. savignyi Lucas, 1836 – Sri Lanka, India to Philippines
  • H. scrupulosa Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
  • H. selempoi Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
  • H. sericea Pocock, 1898 – East, Southern Africa
  • H. serrata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2011 – Thailand
  • H. setifrons Lawrence, 1928 – Angola, Namibia, South Africa
  • H. sigillata Benoit, 1967 – Gabon, Ivory Coast, Congo, Uganda
  • H. simplicipalpis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
  • H. striata Wang & Yin, 1985 – India, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)
  • H. sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) – India, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo)
  • H. sundaica Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand, Indonesia (Lombok, Sumbawa)
  • H. taita Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Kenya
  • H. taiwanensis Chen, 2007 – Taiwan
  • H. talebii Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik, 2016 – Iran
  • H. tamatavensis Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 – Madagascar
  • H. tenuifurcata Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Western Australia)
  • H. thailandica Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2011 – Thailand
  • H. tibialis Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – India, Sri Lanka
  • H. vanmoli Benoit, 1971 – Ivory Coast, Togo
  • H. vicina Baehr & Baehr, 1993 – Thailand
  • H. vinsoni Lucas, 1869 – Madagascar
  • H. wellswebberae Baehr & Baehr, 1998 – Australia (Northern Territory)
  • H. wraniki Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2004 – Yemen (mainland, Socotra)
  • H. xieae Yin, 2012 – China
  • H. yaeyamaensis Tanikawa, 1999 – Japan
  • H. yunnanensis Wang, Song & Qiu, 1993 – China
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References
  1. "Gen. Hersilia Audouin, 1826". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  2. Audouin, V. (1826), "Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie", Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée franҫaise, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand, 1, Histoire Naturelle
  3. Baehr, M.; Baehr, B. (1993). "The Hersiliidae of the Oriental Region including New Guinea. Taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography (Arachnida, Araneae)". Spixiana Supplement. 19: 1–96.
  4. Rheims, C.A.; Brescovit, Antonio D. (2004). "Description of four new species of Hersiliidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia". Journal of Natural History. 38: 2851–2861. doi:10.1080/00222930310001657694.
  5. Baehr, Barbara. "Long-Spinnered Bark Spiders". Australian Arachnological Society. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
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