Haplogroup M8 (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M8 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.[3][4]
| Haplogroup M8 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 34,400 YBP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | M |
| Descendants | M8a, CZ |
| Defining mutations | A4715G C7196a G8584A A15487t T16298C[2] |
Origin
Haplogroup M8 is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup M8 is divided into subclades M8a, C and Z.
Distribution
It is an East Asian haplogroup. Today, haplogroup M8 is found at its highest frequency in indigenous populations of East Siberia such as Evenk and Yukaghir. Haplogroup M8 is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among Yakut, Tuvan. Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
Table of Frequencies by ethnic group
| Population | Frequency | Count | Source | Subclades |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yakut | 0.407 | 378 | Pakendorf 2006 | C=153, Z=1 |
| Mongolian | 0.277 | 47 | Jin 2009 | M8a=1, C=10, Z=2 |
| Xibe (Xinjiang) | 0.145 | 137 | Shen 2017 | C=13, Z=7 |
| Han Chinese (Liaoning) | 0.120 | 317 | Xu 2017a | M8a=16, C=14, Z=8 |
| Korean (Chungcheong) | 0.103 | 117 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Han Chinese (Shandong) | 0.099 | 393 | Hao 2019a | M8a=8, C=14, Z=17 |
| Han Chinese (Shanghai) | 0.097 | 51 | Ma 2016a | M8a=7, C=5, Z=2 |
| Han Chinese (Henan) | 0.086 | 208 | Xue 2015 | M8a=9, C=7, Z=2 |
| Korean (Gangwon) | 0.079 | 114 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Manchurian | 0.075 | 40 | Jin 2009 | M8a=1, C=1, Z=1 |
| Korean (Gyeongsang) | 0.071 | 112 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Korean (Seoul) | 0.067 | 134 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Korean (Jeolla) | 0.059 | 118 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Korean (Gwangju) | 0.033 | 60 | Feiffer 1998 | M8a=2 |
| Japanese | 0.032 | 1312 | Tanaka 2004 | M8a=18, C=7, Z=17 |
| Vietnamese | 0.029 | 35 | Oota 2002 | - |
| Han Chinese (South) | 0.026 | 78 | Yao 2002 | - |
| Korean (Jeju Island) | 0.009 | 113 | Hong 2014 | - |
| Okinawan | 0.003 | 326 | Umetsu 2005 | CZ=1 |
| Taiwan Aboriginal | 0.000 | 640 | Trejaut 2005 | - |
| Philippines | 0.000 | 59 | Tajima 2004 | - |
Subclades
Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup M8 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- M8
- M8a
- M8a1 - Ulch
- M8a1a - Japanese
- M8a2'3
- M8a2 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a2a'b (T152C!) - Japanese
- M8a2a - Han Chinese
- M8a2a1 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a2b - Japanese
- M8a2a - Han Chinese
- M8a2c - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a2d - Han Chinese
- M8a2e - Japanese, Ami(Taiwan Aborigines)
- M8a2a'b (T152C!) - Japanese
- M8a3 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a3a - Han Chinese
- M8a3a1 - Han Chinese
- M8a3a - Han Chinese
- M8a2 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a1 - Ulch
- CZ
- C
- C1
- C1a - Ulch, Swedish
- C1b - Amerindian
- C1b1
- C1b2
- C1b3
- C1b4
- C1b5
- C1b5a
- C1b5b
- C1b6
- C1b7'10 (T16311C!)
- C1b7
- C1b7a
- C1b10
- C1b7
- C1b8
- C1b9
- C1b11
- C1b12
- C1b13
- C1b13a
- C1b13a1
- C1b13b
- C1b13c
- C1b13c1
- C1b13d
- C1b13e
- C1b13a
- C1b14
- C1c - Amerindian
- C1c1
- C1c1a
- C1c1b
- C1c2
- C1c3
- C1c4
- C1c5
- C1c6'7
- C1c6
- C1c7
- C1c8
- C1c1
- C1d - Amerindian
- C1d1
- C1d1a
- C1d1a1
- C1d1b
- C1d1b1
- C1d1c
- C1d1c1
- C1d1d
- C1d1a
- C1d2
- C1d2a
- C1d3
- C1d1
- C1e - Amerindian
- C1f - Amerindian
- C4 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
- C4a'b'c
- C4a
- C4a1
- C4a1a
- C4a1a1
- C4a1a1a
- C4a1a2'3'4
- C4a1a2
- C4a1a2a
- C4a1a3
- C4a1a3a
- C4a1a3a1
- C4a1a3b
- C4a1a3c
- C4a1a3d
- C4a1a3a
- C4a1a4
- C4a1a4a
- C4a1a2
- C4a1a5
- C4a1a6
- C4a1a1
- C4a1a
- C4a2
- C4a2a
- C4a2a1
- C4a2a1a
- C4a2a1b
- C4a2a1
- C4a2b
- C4a2b1
- C4a2b2
- C4a2b2a
- C4a2c
- C4a2c1
- C4a2c2
- C4a2c2a
- C4a2a
- C4a1
- C4b
- C4b1
- C4b1a
- C4b1b
- C4b2
- C4b2a
- C4b3
- C4b3a
- C4b3a1
- C4b3b
- C4b3a
- C4b5
- C4b6
- C4b7
- C4b8
- C4b8a
- C4b1
- C4c
- C4c1
- C4c1a
- C4c1b
- C4c2
- C4c1
- C4a
- C4d'e
- C4d
- C4e
- C5 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
- C5a
- C5a1
- C5a2
- C5a2a
- C5a2b
- C5a2b1
- C5b
- C5b1
- C5b1a
- C5b1a1
- C5b1b
- C5b1b1
- C5b1a
- C5b1
- C5c'd
- C5c
- C5c1
- C5c1a
- C5c1
- C5d
- C5d1
- C5d2
- C5c
- C5a
- C7 - Han Chinese, Indo-China Penisulan
- C7a
- C7a1
- C7a1a
- C7a1a1
- C7a1a2
- C7a1c
- C7a1d
- C7a1a
- C7a2
- C7a2a
- C7a1
- C7b
- C7a
- C4a'b'c
- Z
- Z1'2'3'4'7
- Z1 - Tofalar
- Z1a - Tubalar
- Z1a1
- Z1a1a - Saami, Kets
- Z1a1b - Nganasan, Estonian
- Z1a2 - Ulch
- Z1a2a - Nivkh
- Z1a3 - Yakuts, Estonian
- Z1a1
- Z1a - Tubalar
- Z2 - Japanese
- Z3 - Japanese
- Z1 - Tofalar
- Z1'2'3'4'7
- C1
- Z3a
- Z3a1
- Z3a1a - Han Chinese, Indian
- Z3a2 - Indian
- Z3a1
- Z3b - Indian
- Z3c - Persian(Iranian), Japanese
- Z3d - Han Chinese, Taiwanese
- Z4 - Han Chinese
- Z4a - Japanese
- Z4a1 - Han Chinese
- Z4a1a
- Z4a1a1 - Japanese
- Z4a1a
- Z4a1 - Han Chinese
- Z4a - Japanese
- Z7 - Indian
- Z4 - Han Chinese
- Z5 - Japanese
- C
- M8a
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup C (mtDNA). |
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
- Indigenous American genetic studies
|
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- "Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plot of haplogroup D4 and M8. A: Kaplan-Meier..." ResearchGate. ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
- "Figure 2: Phylogenetic network of C, Z and M8 HVR1 sequences revealed..." ResearchGate. ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
Bibliography
- Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Catelli, Laura (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Scientific Reports. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC 4642457. PMID 26561991.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
External links
- General
- 47z TAT's blog
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup C
- Spread of Haplogroup C, from National Geographic