Halul Island

Halul Island (Arabic: جَزِيرَة حَالُول‎‎, romanized: Jazīrat Ḩālūl) is one of the most important islands belonging to the State of Qatar. Lying about 80 km (50 mi) northeast of Doha, it serves as a storage area and loading terminal for oil from the surrounding offshore fields.[3] One of the main bases for the Qatari Navy is located in Halul.[4] The Coasts and Borders Security also have a base of operations on the island.[5]

Halul Island

حالول
Halul Island
Coordinates: 25°40′30″N 52°24′41″E
CountryQatar
Area
 • Total1.5 km2 (0.6 sq mi)
 • Land1.5 km2 (0.6 sq mi)
Jazirat Halul Lighthouse
Persian Gulf
LocationHalul Island
Qatar
Coordinates25°40′25.2″N 52°24′32.9″E
Foundationconcrete base
Constructionshort concrete tower
Tower shapecylindrical tower with lantern atop the hill
Markings / patternwhite tower, black lantern
Tower height5 metres (16 ft)
Focal height67 metres (220 ft)
Rangewhite: 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi)
red: 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi)
CharacteristicFl WR 12s.
Admiralty numberD7378
NGA number29816
ARLHS numberQAT-003[1][2]

It was frequented by pearling boats in the early 1900s.[6]

History

James Ashley Maude documented the first known discovery of the island in July 1817, referring to it as "Hawlool Island".[7] He wrote:

North-easterly direction of Sherarou Island in latitude 25°41′N. longitude per chromometer 52°23′E. bearing N. N. W. distance 10 miles, appears high in the centre gradually decreasing at each extremity; no trees and no appearance of vegetation; the water deep close too.[8]

Maude also notes the island's close proximity to extensive pearling beds.[8]

In 1823, the first map of the island was produced by Captain George Barnes Brucks.[7] In Brucks' memoir, published posthumously in 1856, he gave a brief account of the island as well as its geographic location. He wrote that the island is high and noted the presence of wells. It is unknown if these wells were natural occurrences, such as sinkholes, or constructed by fishermen.[9] He also remarks on the high elevation of the island and claims it was formerly known as May Island.[10]

  • ‘Trigonometrical plan of the island of Hawlool in the Gulf of Persia’ by G.B. Brucks (1823)

Scottish hydrographer James Horsburgh wrote a description of the island in his 1855 guide The India Directory. His account did not differ by much from the earlier description given by Maude in 1817.[9]

Geography

The island lies 72 miles southeast of Ras Rakan,[11] and around 50 miles northeast of the capital Doha.[5] It is approximately 1 mile in length.[11] The terrain is hilly and its highest peak is 202 feet.[5] The island is visible from a distance of about 15 miles, and there is a reef around it which extends up to 0.2 miles offshore. The island contains the easternmost landmass of Qatar. With a distance of slightly more than 80 kilometers from the nearest point of mainland Qatar, which is Ra’s Abū Qarn on the northeastern coast and in the municipality of Al Khor, it is also the most remote island of the country. The island is susceptible to shamal winds. Located 45 miles northeast of the island is the rocky and shallow Shah Allum Shoal.[11]

Geology

Most of the island's surface lies on the Paleozoic strata. The Cambrian period Hormuz Formation is the predominant surface layer.[12] It is one of the only two territories of Qatar which lie on a Paleozoic surface.[13] Iron oxides such as hematite and ochre are found on the island, but have been left unexploited due to the high costs of extraction and transportation.[14]

Wildlife

The island serves as a habitat for several species of marine life and seabirds. Upwards of 80 mountain goats inhabit its hilly landscape, having expanded from a group of six mountain goats first transported to the island in 1963. The Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) is cooperating with Qatar Petroleum to protect and grow the island's wildlife. Among the most important initiatives taken are the planting of 400 saline-resistant trees and the establishment of protected sea turtle nesting sites.[5]

Industry

Shortly after the commencement of oil activities, in the mid-1950s the government began investing resources to convert Halul into a major oil loading terminal. The significance of the island was further realized in the 1960s after the government began establishing offshore oil fields. Between 1964 and 1966, industrial infrastructure was constructed on the island. As of 2015, the island accommodates 11 external floating roof tanks with an overall capacity of 5 million barrels of crude oil.[5]

Halul produces its own electricity. It has nine turbo generators with a power capacity of 43 MW. Halul's two desalination units have a daily capacity of 400 cubic metres (110,000 US gal).[5]

  • Rocks at sea illuminated by the gas flares of oil refineries
  • A mountain goat at the northern tip of Halul Island
  • Sea turtle tracks on the west side of Halul Island
gollark: No, tit-for-tat beats apiomemetics.
gollark: Maybe you should do more rounds.
gollark: Maybe the dilemmæ is TOO random.
gollark: I'm busy.
gollark: Yep, alive, working on stuff.

See also

References
  1. Qatar The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 13 October 2016
  2. NGA List of Lights – Pub.112 Retrieved 13 October 2016
  3. "Geography". Library of Congress Country Studies. Retrieved 17 July 2015.  This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/.
  4. RSN Singh (2008). Asian Strategic and Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. p. 388. ISBN 978-8170622451.
  5. "Halul Island". Qatar Petroleum. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  6. "'Persian Gulf Gazetteer Part II, Geographical and Descriptive Materials, Section II Western Side of the Gulf' [53v] (109/286)". Qatar Digital Library. 2014-04-04. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  7. Jacques Leblanc (December 2015). "A Historical Account of the Stratigraphy of Qatar, Middle-East (1816 to 2015)": 10. Retrieved 1 July 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. "The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany". 3. Wm. H. Allen & Company. 1817: 304. Retrieved 1 July 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. Jacques Leblanc (December 2015). "A Historical Account of the Stratigraphy of Qatar, Middle-East (1816 to 2015)": 11. Retrieved 1 July 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. G.B. Brucks, Robert Hughes Thomas (1856). "Historical and other information connected with place in the Persian Gulf". Bombay Education Society's Press. p. 560.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  11. The Persian Gulf pilot: comprising the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Omán; and Makran coast. Great Britain: Hydrographic Dept. 1890. p. 127. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. Sobhi Nasir, Hamad Al-Saad, Abudlrazak Alsayigh, Oliver Weidlich (25 August 2008). "Geology and petrology of the Hormuz dolomite, Infra-Cambrian: Implications for the formation of the salt-cored Halul and Shraouh islands, Offshore, State of Qatar". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 33 (5–6): Abstract. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.02.003.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  13. Al-Kubaisi, Mohammed Ali M. (1984). Industrial development in Qatar: a geographical assessment (PDF). Durham E-Theses, Durham University. p. 12.
  14. Al-Kubaisi, Mohammed Ali M. (1984). Industrial development in Qatar: a geographical assessment (PDF). Durham E-Theses, Durham University. p. 11.
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