Grubori massacre

The Grubori massacre was the mass murder of six Serb civilians from the village of Grubori, near Knin on 25 August 1995 by members of the Croatian Army (HV) in the aftermath of Operation Storm. The massacre was listed in the ICTY's indictment of Croatian wartime generals Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač.

Grubori massacre
LocationGrubori, Knin, Croatia
Date25 August 1995
TargetElderly Croatian Serb villagers
Attack type
Mass killing
Deaths6
PerpetratorsCroatian Army (HV)

At the completion of the trial in 2011, Čermak was acquitted while Gotovina and Markač were both convicted of various crimes. They were acquitted on appeal in 2012. In 2010, three members of the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit, Franjo Drlje, Božo Krajina and Igor Beneta, were indicted and put on trial at the Zagreb Country Court for the crime. Beneta committed suicide, while Drljo and Krajina were acquitted. The verdict was quashed by the Supreme Court and a re-trial in 2016 ended with the same outcome.

Killings

The killings happened amid an anti-terrorist operation in the area involving 560 special policemen, just after the Croatian military’s Operation Storm which seized back parts of the country that had been under Serb control.[1] The operation was meant to secure the passage of a train from Zagreb to Split via Knin, which carried President Franjo Tudjman, who was giving speeches at various stops to praise the Croatian Army for liberating the area.[1] Of the 13 people living in Grubori on Aug. 25, seven survived: six women and a man, all elderly.[2] They happened to be in another village, attempting to get official documents enabling them to leave Croatia, when the killings occurred.[2] As they were returning to the village on foot, they saw smoke rising from the hills.[2] U.N. officials arrived at Grubori within hours of the massacre and were able to file a detailed report of what they saw.[2]

The victims were 80-year old Milos Grubor, who was shot behind his ear and in his back as he lay in bed in his pajamas, 65-year old Jovo Grubor, who was found in a field with his throat either slashed or destroyed by an exploding bullet, 41-year old Duro Karanovic and Mika Grubor, 51, who were found shot through the head in another field, 90-year old Marija Grubor, who was found in her torched house and 73-year old Jovan-Damjan Grubor.[3]

Trials

Gotovina et al
Main article: Trial of Gotovina et al

The massacre was included in the ICTY's indictment against former Croatian generals Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač.[4] The Trial of Gotovina et al brought the convictions of Gotovina and Markač and acquittal of Čermak in April 2011.[5] Gotovina and Markač were subsequently acquitted on appeal in November 2012, with the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY reversing the earlier judgement, ruling that there was insufficient evidence to prove the existence of a joint criminal enterprise to remove Serb civilians by force.[6] The Appeals Chamber further stated that the Croatian Army and Special Police committed crimes after the artillery assault, but the state and military leadership had no role in their planning and creation.[6]

Lučko unit

In 2010, the Zagreb County State Court indicted three members of the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit for the massacre: Franjo Drljo, Božo Krajina and Igor Beneta. In 2011, Beneta committed suicide.[7] Drljo and Krajina were tried and subsequently acquitted of the charges.[8] In December 2015, their acquittals were quashed by the Supreme Court and a re-trial was ordered.[9] In February 2016, Zagreb County Court acquitted Drljo and Krajina again but the State Attorney’s Office launched another appeal, which was dismissed by the Supreme Court on 19 September 2019.[10] The two men were reportedly acquitted due to lack of evidence, though the trial established that Drljo’s and Krajina’s superiors from the Lučko unit had tried to cover up the killings.[10]

gollark: One evil idea I had relating to that was to spoof GPS for specific IDs, so you could subtly mess up their location finding.
gollark: I use that for my WyattTracker system.
gollark: You can *associate* IDs with locations if you have 4 modems and a computer listening to GPS.
gollark: Hmm, a shame.
gollark: The anonymous GPS thing just makes the GPS *client* code in `/rom/apis/gps.lua` use`gps.CHANNEL_GPS` for pings, as it was already used for ping responses.

See also

References
  1. Ivanovic, Josip (30 May 2014). "Croatian Anti-Terror Officer Denies Grubori Massacre". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
  2. Hundley, Tom (11 September 1995). "UN Blames Croats". Chicago Tribune.
  3. Vrazo, Fawn (14 September 1995). "In rebellious Serb Krajina, a massacre becomes mishap". The Baltimore Sun.
  4. Jungvirth, Goran (19 September 2008). "Journalist Testifies About Grubori Killings". IWPR.net. Institute for War & Peace Reporting.
  5. "Judgement Summary for Gotovina et al" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 15 April 2011.
  6. "Gotovina and Markac, IT-06-90-A" (PDF). ICTY.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 16 November 2012.
  7. "Suspect in Grubori war crimes case found dead". tportal.hr. 28 November 2011.
  8. Ivanovic, Josip (6 June 2014). "Croatian Policemen Acquitted of Elderly Serbs' Massacre". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
  9. Milekic, Sven (22 December 2015). "Croatian Policemen's Grubori Massacre Acquittals Quashed". BalkanInsight. BIRN.
  10. Vladisavljevic, Anja (9 October 2019). "Croatian Policemen Acquitted of Massacre of Elderly Serbs". BalkanInsight. BIRN.

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