Groupe Casino

Casino Group or Casino Guichard-Perrachon is a French mass-market retail Group. It was founded on 2 August 1898 by Geoffroy Guichard under the corporate name Guichard-Perrachon & Co.[1]

Casino Guichard-Perrachon S.A.
Société Anonyme with a board of directors
Traded asEuronext: CO
CAC Mid 60 Component
ISINFR0000125585 
IndustryMass Retail
Founded1898 (1898)
FounderGeoffroy Guichard
Headquarters
Saint-Étienne
,
France
Key people
Jean-Charles Naouri
Revenue
  • €37.822 billion (2017)
  • €556 million (2014)
Total equity
  • €13.057 billion (2017)
Number of employees
226,606 employees worldwide, of which 75,449 in France (2017)
SubsidiariesGéant Casino; Casino Supermarchés; Hyper Casino; Petit Casino; Casino Shop; Casino Restauration; Monoprix; Naturalia; Franprix; Leader Price; Spar; Vival; Cdiscount; Pão de Açúcar, Extra, Brazil; Grupo Éxito, Colombia; Libertad, Mini Libertad, Argentine; Devoto, Disco, Uruguay; Jumbo, Océan Indien
Websitewww.groupe-casino.fr/ 

Casino Group is the source of many innovations such as the first distributor's brand in 1901,[2] the first self-service store in 1948[3] or even the display of a sell-by date on consumer products in 1959.

As an historical player in mass-market retail in France, the Group also started to grow internationally at the end of the 90s. It acquired GPA and Grupo Éxito in 1999, major companies in mass-market retail in Brazil and in Colombia.[4] · [5] Casino Group operates across all food and non-food formats: hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores and wholesale stores. Other than the eponymous "Géant Casino" and "Casino Supermarchés", Casino Group owns other brands such as Monoprix, Franprix, Leader Price, Cdiscount, Vival, Spar, Sherpa and Le Petit Casino.

Casino Group, currently managed by Jean-Charles Naouri, is quoted on the Paris Stock Exchange, with the Rallye company as a majority shareholder. In 2017, its total revenue was €37.8 billion.[6]

History

Casino’s genesis (1892 – 1898)
The first store in Saint-Etienne, 1898

Geoffroy Guichard was born on 27 July 1867 in Feurs, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. His parents were the owners of a retail grocery business in Saint-Étienne. In 1889, he married Antonia Perrachon and became a partner with Paul Perrachon, his cousin-in-law, who had been the owner of a shop in the region for around ten years. Geoffroy Guichard became the sole business owner in 1892.[7] The store, located rue des Jardins, was originally the Lyrical Casino of Saint-Étienne. Closed in the 1850s,[8] the Lyrical Casino was transformed into a retail grocery store in the 1860s. Geoffroy Guichard grew the grocery store to turn it into a general food store, based on the Felix Potin model. In April 1898, due to the success of the concept, Geoffroy Guichard opened the first branch in Veauche, in Loire.[9]

The beginnings of Casino (1898 – 1904)
A Casino feed store, 1900

On 2 August 1898, Geoffroy Guichard founded with his father-in-law « la Société des Magasins du Casino » and « Établissements économiques d’alimentation under the corporate name Guichard-Perrachon & Co. In total, 77 people subscribed to the capital of the new company. The Guichard spouses owned 35% of the company’s capital (limited by shares). As from 1898, warehouses and factories were built in Saint-Étienne. Damaged by a fire in 1900, they were rebuilt reaching a total surface of 16 000 m². In the factories, Casino baked bread, produced oil and chocolate, roasted coffee, distilled and produced homemade liquors. An important wine business was also developed. Nearly 40 branches were opened in 1899. In September 1904, the 100th branch was opened in Lamastre in Ardèche and in July 1905, the 21st concession.[10]

The development of social action (1904 – 1923)

In the first quarter of the 20th century, the company developed a social action plan dedicated to its employees, with, in 1904, the launch of an insurance fund, the creation of a health service in 1905, benefits for large families and a birth premium in 1910 or even child benefits and profit sharing for all employees as from 1916.[11] In 1912, Casino created the Sports branch Casino employees’ Social Club, a sports organization in accordance with its sports corporatism policy.[12] The Social club opened its football section in July 1919 alongside other disciplines such as athletics or basketball. More commonly referred to as AS Casino, the Social club became "l’Association Sportive Stéphanoise" in 1927 then "l’Association Sportive de Saint-Étienne" in 1933. In 1923, in celebration of its 25th anniversary, Casino put in place a Pension Fund which ensured the security of employees leaving the company. The Casino share was quoted on the Stock Exchange as from 1910.

Industrial development after WWI (1920 – 1940)
In 1923, Casino acquired the "Epargne" retail network

As from 1920, Casino continued to grow by creating factories and warehouses. In 1929, the company counted nearly 1000 branches and over 500 outlets. At that time, Casino was present across 28 districts. In 1923, Geoffroy Guichard became administrator of « L’Épargne de Toulouse », which had similar operations to Casino's with around 300 branches located in the South-West of France. Geoffroy Guichard took permanent control of the company in 1925.[13] Geoffroy Guichard announced the transfer of the company to his children during the general meeting of October 1929. At that time, Casino counted around 2000 employees. After the death of Geoffroy Guichard in May 1940, Mario Guichard became President of the Executive Board. He was surrounded by his brothers Jean, Georges, Paul et Pierre Guichard, and his brother-in-law François Kemlin. Casino during WWII

In June 1941, François Kemlin created a network of clandestine activities. It benefited from important material resources made available by the company. These actions ranged from making packages/parcels and sending letters to creating files to enable the escape of War prisoners.[14] Bombings during the War damaged many factories, warehouses and offices. Some even had to close down.

The Great innovations (1940 – 1950)

In 1947, Pierre Guichard took a trip to North America to observe growing trends. He discovered the self-service store concept. A year later, Casino opened its first self-service store in Saint-Étienne.[15] Over a period of 10 years, 500 branches adopted this new sales principle. In 1950, one of the first cooling systems was put in place in distribution.[16] There again, it was a type of innovation observed in the USA. Gradually, warehouses were equipped with cooling chambers and refrigerated coolers. In 1959, Casino was the first distributor to display a sell-by date on its products.[17] This was made compulsory in December 1984 with the use-by date. Already in 1928, the Group had put in place "calendar displays" on product packaging, as a quality guarantee.

The development of new formats (1950 – 1990)
Since 1952, Groupe Casino has implemented a cold chain system
Opening of the first 700m² Casino supermarket at Boulevard Joseph Vallier in Grenoble, on May 18th 1960

In 1957, Casino opened its first supermarket in Nice, under the brand Nica.[18] The store, which was totally self-service, offered both food and non-food products. The first supermarket with the Casino name opened in May 1960 in Grenoble.[16] A few months later, four new stores opened in Nice, Saint-Étienne, Firminy and Lyon. The first two Paris supermarkets opened in 1970 in Saint-Denis and Bagneux.[19] In March 1970, the first Géant Casino hypermarket opened its doors in Marseille.[19] It was then the biggest store in France with a surface of 16000 m². The shopping mall was made of 41 independent businesses and a Casino cafeteria. The SOMABRI company (SOciété des Magasins de BRIcolage/the company of DIY stores) was created in 1978 to enable Casino Group to be present on the DIY market. It opened its first two stores in 1978 in Toulouse Fenouillet and in Clermont le Brézet. Casino transferred its majority ownership to Castorama in October 1989.[20] · .[21]

The internationalization of Casino Group (1976 – 1999)

In 1976, the internationalization of Casino Group started in the United States with the creation of Casino USA to operate French cafeterias in the USA. Restaurants were opened in Phoenix, Arizona, then in Beverly Hills, Santa Monica, Westwood Village, Costa Mesa and Seattle in California. Many convenience businesses also opened their doors under the name Le Petit Casino. The Group took over the chain Thriftymart Inc stores which then became Smart & Final Iris.[22] Back then, the company owned around 90 retail outlets, all self-service, and implanted mainly in California. The internationalization of Casino Group then accelerated until the end of the 1990s with its development across South America. In March 1996, Casino Group signed a partnership agreement with Dairy Farm International, one of the biggest groups of supermarkets in Asia.[23] A joint company was then created for the development of hypermarkets in the Asian South-East and particularly in Taïwan where a first hypermarket opened in 1998. In 1999, Casino Group bought into the capital of Distribution Groups GPA and Grupo Éxito in Brazil and in Colombia.[24] · .[25]

Merger between Casino Group and Rallye Group (1985 – 1991)

In April 1985, Casino Group purchased the Company Cedis of Besançon which helped the Group develop in the East of France.[26] In April 1990, Casino took over the Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale, La Ruche Méridionale d’Agen and SODIM and strengthened its implantation in the South of France.[27] In October 1992, Casino Group, then managed by Antoine Guichard (grandson of Geoffroy Guichard), merged with the Rallye Group owned by Jean-Charles Naouri.[28] Rallye brought Casino all of its distribution and catering activities. The Group was then present all over the French territory. At the end of this operation, Rallye owned 29% of the total capital of Casino Group. Antoine Guichard, the last family manager of Casino Group, did not want to give up the presidency of the company. The Rallye company was founded in 1945 by Jean Cam.[29] Threatened by serious cash flow problems, it was bought back in 1991 by Jean-Charles Naouri and his investment company, Euris.[30]

Growth in France: affiliates and partnerships (1992 – 1997)
A Franpix front-of-store
In 1992, Groupe Casino merged with Groupe Rallye, owned by Jean-Charles Naouri.

In order to increase its presence in France, Casino Group continued its wave of acquisitions by signing many agreements with national distributors. Corse Distribution Group became affiliated with Casino in 1992. Many hypermarkets and supermarkets then became Casino stores. Between 1995 and 1996, Casino took majority ownership in the different companies of Corse Distribution, enabling the development of many new franchise names.[31] En décembre 1996, le groupe Casino et Monoprix, filiale des Galeries Lafayette, signent un accord de partenariat pour les achats et la logistique[32] In December 1996, Casino Group and Monoprix, branch of Galeries Lafayette, signed a partnership agreement for purchasing and logistics. Less than a year later, Casino supported Monoprix financially in the total acquisition of Prisunic's capital and became therefore, shareholder at 21.6% of the capital of this new Group.[33] In September 1997, Casino Group took majority ownership in the Franprix and Leader Price brands and their network of 650 stores.[34]

Major changes in Casino Group’s shareholding (1997 – 1998)
1997 – Mobilization of Groupe Casino employees against the hostile takeover by a competing retailer

In 1997, after many months of stock-market battle, Jean-Charles Naouri, the Guichard family and employees of the Group rejected a hostile tender offer made by the Promodès distributor. Following a counter-bid, Jean-Charles Naouri became the majority shareholder of Casino Group in 1998.[35]

Acceleration of the investment strategy (1999 – 2014)
GPA Headquarter in Brasil
Exito store in Caracas

Under the aegis of Jean-Charles Naouri, Casino Group developed its assets in France and internationally. In March 1997, Casino Group signed an affiliate agreement with the Uruguayan Brand Disco for the construction of a Géant Casino in Montevideo. The store opened its doors in 1999.[36] In February 1998, Casino Group took over the Argentine Group Libertad operating 7 hypermarkets across the country.[37] Libertad was then the third company of hypermarkets in Argentine. In 1999, Casino subscribed to the capital of leading distribution companies in their respective countries, GPA in Brazil and Grupo Éxito in Colombia.[24] After having strengthened its position in 2005, Casino Group became in July 2012 the sole controlling shareholder of GPA, no 1 in distribution and no 2 in e-business in Brazil. In 2000, Casino Group acquired Monoprix (50% of it), Franprix, Leader Price and Cdiscount. Activities grew again with the creation of Banque Casino in 2001 as well as property management company Mercialys, managing all the shopping malls owned by Casino. These assets represented 150 shopping malls on hypermarket and supermarket sites, as well as the premises of cafeterias owned by the Group.[38]

In 2005, Jean-Charles Naouri was appointed CEO of Casino Group. Casino inaugurated its new Head Office in Saint-Étienne, its historical stronghold, in 2007. In the same year, the Group created GreenYellow, its energy-specialised branch.[39] Its first photovoltaic plant was connected to the electric network in 2010. In that year, Casino Group continued its growth in Asia by acquiring Thai participations in the Carrefour Group with its Big C branch. In 2011, the Charle brothers sold their shares in the Cdiscount capital. Casino then held 99.6% of shares.[40] In the same year, Casino Group and La Poste signed a partnership agreement. With a length of 5 years, it aimed at creating convenience food businesses in available premises, next to Post offices, in villages of under 12000 inhabitants.[41] In July 2012, the Group acquired 50% of shares held by Galeries Lafayette Group in Monoprix.[42] Jean-Charles Naouri was named CEO by the Board of Directors of the Brand. The Group purchased the majority of Le Mutant stores and renamed them "Leader Price".[43] In parallel, the Group reduced its shares in Mercialys, by around 40.2%. On 8 October 2014, the Group and Intermarché announced an agreement as regards purchases for big brand products in France. This agreement meant that the 2 Groups were purchasing leaders in France with a market share of 25.8%.[44]

Activity refocusing (since 2015)

In February 2016, the Group announced the sale of 59% of its shares in its Big C Thai activities for 3,1 Billion Euros. In April, the company announced the sale of Big C Vietnam to Central Group for 1 Billion dollars.[45] In December 2017, Casino Group signed an agreement with Ocado to develop a technological platform with an automated warehouse in France.[46] Announced a business partnership aiming at selling Monoprix food products to Amazon Prime Now customers.

Activities of the Group
A Geant Casino hypermarket

Unlike its main French competitors, Casino Group made the bet of developing a multi-brand strategy in the 1990s under the management of Jean-Charles Naouri. Therefore, aside from its eponymous brands Casino Supermarkets and Géant Casino, the Group developed Monoprix, Franprix or even Leader Price in France,[47] but also Pao de Açúcar[48] and Extra in Brazil or even Exito and Carulla in Colombia.[49][50]

In France

Firstly, Casino oriented its multi-format and multi-brand structure towards the development of convenience and discount stores. The model developed by Casino is founded on the network of brands with differentiated and complementary positioning. In Metropolitan France, the Group operates the brands Géant Casino (hypermarkets), Casino Supermarkets, Monoprix, Franprix, Leader Price, Spar, Vival, Le Petit Casino, Casino Restauration. In Réunion Island, the brands are mainly Score and Jumbo Score.

Internationally
Casino international presence

The Group directs its development towards countries with a strong growth and profitability potential, where its branches have strong local roots. South America has therefore become its priority area for development.[51] The Group is leader on the market in Latin America,[52] and more particularly in Brazil[53] and in Colombia.[54] · .[55]

E-business

Casino Group concentrates its e-business activity within the company Cnova, created in June 2014.[56] Cdiscount, branch of Casino Group, became over a few years a major e-business actor over the Internet in France.[57]

Real estate

The real estate activity of Casino Group is driven in France by l’Immobilière Casino (which owns the walls of its stores) and its old brand Mercialys.[58]

Sponsorship

Casino Group created a Company Foundation which supports childhood development by fighting against the cultural exclusion of the under-privileged. The Casino Corporate Foundation contributes to their education by funding theatre projects.[59]

Founded in 2009, the Casino Foundation complements the other foundations of Casino Group present in France and in Latin America: the Exito Foundation in Colombia created in 1985, mainly engaged against child malnutrition,[60] the GPA Institute which fosters youth education and their professional insertion[61] et la foundation Monoprix qui lutte contre l’isolement dans les villes[62] and the Monoprix Foundation which fights against isolation in cities.[61] et la foundation Monoprix qui lutte contre l’isolement dans les villes[62] · .[63]

Casino and the world of sport

Casino and sport association
In 1933, Saint-Etienne Sports Association was created, dedicated exclusively to football.
Scene of game between the Olympique de Marseille and the AS Saint-Etienne in 1938.

Casino Group is at the origin of the AS Saint-Étienne football Club created in 1919, the Sports Social Club of Saint-Étienne. It was born more precisely as a sports section of the « Employees’ Social Club of the Casino store company », the organization created in 1912 by Casino to support its sports corporatism policy. The Social Club logically takes on board the green colour of the grocery chain.[64] · .[65] A few months after the creation of the French Football Association-Federation (FFAF), the Social Club, more commonly named « AS Casino » (ASC), opened its football section in 1919, as well as other disciplines such as athletics and basketball. On 29 March 1920, under the initiative of Albert Jacquet, general secretary of the company, AS Casino became « the Social Sports Club » in order to respect the rules adopted by the Federation prohibiting the use of brands in the names of clubs, as well as keeping the initials. The club was then reserved to Casino employees and the training centre was located on the « Pont de l'âne » field, property of the Group. Seven years later, under the initiative of Pierre Guichard, son of Geoffroy Guichard who had become president of the club after MM. Godot and Jean Moulin, the Social Sports Club merged with the University Forez Stadium within the « Stéphanoise Sports Association » (SSA), which kept of course the green colour of the ASC. In 1930, the French Federation voted for the adoption of professionalism in France. It became necessary for the SSA, whose managers were ambitious, to have its own stadium. The founder of Casino Group purchased a large field and gave it to the club. A membership offered to « friends » of the club helped gather the necessary funds to build the first facilities, later named Stade Geoffroy-Guichard.[66]

Cyclism

In 1996, Casino Group became the main sponsor of the current AG2R La Mondiale cycling team. The team therefore took the name « Petit Casino – C’est votre équipe ».[67] In the following year, Casino increased its funding and AG2R Provident Insurance became the second sponsor. The team doubled its budget, which went to 25 million Francs, and took the name "Casino-AG2R Prévoyance" from 1997 to 1999. Casino's commitment finished at the end of the 1999 season. Over 3 years, the team also won 3 stages of the Tour de France, one stage of the Tour of Spain, 3 major classics and many national championships. It counted athletes such as Alexandre Vinokourov, Benoît Salmon or even Jaan Kirsipuu. The Casino « green » Green is the traditional colour of Casino Group. It was the colour of the blinds in the former lyrical Casino, which was situated rue des Jardins in Saint-Etienne.

Shareholding

Jean-Charles Naouri has been the majority shareholder of Casino Group since 1992 via his Rallye SA company. BlackRock, although a minority shareholder, is the second shareholder.[68]

Brands
France

Groupe Casino's brands a range of retail formats:

  • Casino Supermarchés, a city-centre and rural supermarket chain
  • Monoprix, a city-centre variety chain selling food, personal and beauty care products, household products and apparel
  • Franprix, a city convenience store chain
  • Superettes:

*Petit Casino *Casino Shop *Casino Shopping *Spar *Vival

  • Discount formats:
  • Leader Price, which carries both private-label and national brands
  • Hypermarkets
  • Hyper Géant Casino
  • Online stores
  • Cdiscount
  • Property management
  • Mercialys
  • Other businesses
  • Casino Restauration: Casino Cafétéria, Les Comptoirs Casino, Villa Plancha and À La Bonne Heure
  • Banque Casino
  • Casino Vacances (travel agency)

In the world

  • Brazil: Grupo Pão de Açúcar – Extra – Pão de Açúcar – Extra Fácil – Assaí – Ponto Frio - Casas Bahia
  • Colombia: Grupo Éxito – Carulla – Surtimax - Cdiscount
  • Argentina: Libertad - Mini Libertad
  • Uruguay: Devoto – Disco
  • Indian Ocean : Jumbo – Score – Spar - Vival

Financial highlights
Key figures in € millions
Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Net business volume 36,144 36,842 42,777 50,930 52,342
Net sales 28,704 26,757 29,078 34,361 41,971 48,645 48,493 46,145 36,030 37,822
Trading profit 1,266 1,209 1,300 1,548 2,002 2,624 2,231 1,446 1,034 1,242
Equity 7,124 7,037 7,916 9,383 15,201 15,426 15,608
Debt 4,851 4,072 3,845 5,379 5,451 5,416 5,822 6,073 3,367 4,126

Net business volume includes all revenue from consolidated companies, associates and franchisees, on a 100% basis.

Share information
  • Groupe Casino shares are listed on the NYSE Euronext Paris market (Compartment A)

ISIN: FR0000125585

  • Par value: €1.53 per share
  • Majority shareholders at end-2012 (voting rights): Free float: 38.6%; Groupe Rallye 59.3%; employees 2.1%.
Share data as at 1 January
Years 2011 2012 2013
Share outstanding (in million) 110.6 112.7 113.1
Market capitalisation (in € million) 7,200 8,100 9,500
Daily trading volume (in thousands of shares) 554 662 628
gollark: Well, yes, they're an awful company but people use their stuff a *lot*.
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gollark: I doubt it.
gollark: Uber will probably be bankrupt or failing because of regulatory issues and the fact that it does not actually make any money.

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