Great Dunmow

Great Dunmow is an historic market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It is situated on the north of the A120 road, approximately midway between Bishop's Stortford and Braintree, 6 miles east of London Stansted Airport.

Great Dunmow

High Street, Great Dunmow
Great Dunmow
Location within Essex
Population8,830 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTL626220
Civil parish
  • Great Dunmow[2]
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townDUNMOW
Postcode districtCM6
Dialling code01371
PoliceEssex
FireEssex
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
Arms of Great Dunmow Parish Council
CrestGules a Chevron between in chief two Fleurs-de-Lys and in base a Lion rampant Or grasping in the dexter forepaw a Civic Mace Argent a Pomegranate slipped leaved and seeded proper between two Mascles chevronwise of the first.
BlazonGules a Chevron between in chief two Fleurs-de-Lys and in base a Lion rampant Or grasping in the dexter forepaw a Civic Mace Argent a Pomegranate slipped leaved and seeded proper between two Mascles chevronwise of the first.
MottoMay Dunmow Prosper
Granted 20th April 1956 [3]

Originally the site of a Roman settlement on Stane Street, the town thrived during the Middle Ages. Many buildings survive from this period, including a sixteenth-century town hall. Dunmow means "Meadow on the Hill".[4] The settlement was variously referred to as Dunmow Magna, Much Dunmow, or most commonly Great Dunmow.

Great Dunmow borders the former estate of Easton Lodge in the neighbouring parish of Little Easton, a country house belonging to the Maynard family. The most notable member, Frances Maynard, became the Countess of Warwick and later a mistress of King Edward VII. As the Prince of Wales he was reportedly a regular visitor to the Estate, travelling from London on the train to Easton Lodge railway station. The initials "CW" are visible on a number of Victorian era properties in Great Dunmow. Known as Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick she was a generous philanthropist in the local community. As of 2020, Robert Nicholson is Emeritus Mayor of Great Dunmow.

History
Doctors Pond in Great Dunmow

The town's history is explained in the Maltings Museum on Mill Lane.

A Roman small town developed on the junction between Stane Street and the Roman roads which ran north-east to south-west from Sudbury to London and north-west to south-east from Cambridge to Chelmsford. The main settlement area spread westwards from the road junction, with cemeteries on the outskirts. There was a second Roman settlement at Church End immediately to the north of present-day Great Dunmow. The site likely included a rural Roman Temple.[5]

Between the occupation by the Romans and the time of the Saxons, the town acquired its name – in AD951 it was named Dunemowe, and later Dommawe. In the Domesday Book, Dunmow had seven manors, some of which still exist, in name at least – including Bigods, Newton Hall (seat of the Henniker baronets), Merks Hall, Minchins and Shingle Hall. The earliest record of a church in the town is in 1045, and in 1197 Geoffrey de Dunmow was rector.

In medieval times, Dunmow was a thriving commercial centre, with market charters granted in 1253 and two fairs held annually until the 19th century. Dunmow's Corporation was granted in 1555 and confirmed in 1590.[6]

Both Roman settlements were reoccupied during the Saxon period, at Great Dunmow in the seventh century and at Church End in the later Saxon period. The earliest medieval settlement appears to have been a continuation of the late Saxon settlement at Church End, where the parish church is located. The granting of a market charter may mark the time of the movement of the main focus of settlement from Church End to the High Street and market-place. The medieval and post-medieval development of Great Dunmow is reflected both in the surviving built heritage, which includes 167 Listed Buildings, and the below-ground archaeology.

Great Dunmow was located on the GHQ Line, a series of defences and concrete Pillboxes built to hinder an anticipated German invasion. Many of these still remain and are clearly visible along the Chelmer Valley, one being located on the west bank of the River Chelmer in meadows behind the Dourdan Pavilion and recreation ground.

Easton Lodge became RAF Great Dunmow in World War II and for a time was home to squadrons from the USAAF and the RAF. The site of the former air field is now owned by Land Securities who hope to build a development including around 9,000 homes alongside significant supporting community, commercial and retail infrastructure, intending to call it Easton Park.[7] The crews of two aircraft based at RAF Great Dunmow were killed in aircraft crashes very close to the town on 20 March and 21 November 1945.

A recently declassified military nuclear bunker on the outskirts of the town[8] was sold for a reported £22,000 and is now used as a secure data centre for nuclear weapons research.[9]

Transport

Great Dunmow is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) from Braintree railway station (63 minutes to London Liverpool Street) to the east and 9.2 miles (14.8 km) from Bishop's Stortford (45 minutes to London Liverpool Street and 35 minutes to Tottenham Hale) to the west. Until 1952 the town was served by the Bishop's Stortford-Braintree Branch Line a line between these stations, which opened to passengers on 22 February 1869 and closed on 3 March 1952. The line continued in use for freight trains and occasional excursions, closing in stages with the final section to Easton Lodge closing on 17 February 1972. It is now possible to walk or cycle in either direction along the former track bed to Braintree station, or to the edge of Bishop's Stortford.

As the crow flies it is just under 6 miles (10 km) from Stansted Airport and the nearby M11 motorway to the west.

The A120 from the M11 to Braintree by-passes the town, the former route has now been re-designated the B1256. The latter itself was a bypass, built on the route of the old railway line and station. Until the 1970s the A120 went through Great Dunmow town centre.

Flitch Trials

The town is well known for its four-yearly ritual of the "Flitch Trials", in which couples must convince a jury of six local bachelors and six local maidens that, for a year and a day, they have never wished themselves unwed. If successful the couple are paraded along the High Street and receive a flitch of bacon. The last flitch trials were held in the town in the summer of 2016, with the next scheduled for 2020. The custom is ancient, and is mentioned in the Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It acts as a major plot point in the 1952 film Made in Heaven, starring Petula Clark and David Tomlinson.

Twin towns

Great Dunmow is twinned with the following town:

Notable people
  • Evelyn Anthony – award-winning novelist and writer
  • Anne Line (1567 – 27 February 1601) – Catholic martyr executed during the reign of Elizabeth I for harbouring a priest in The Clock House, The Causeway, where she was a housekeeper.
  • Lionel Lukin (18 May 1742 – 16 February 1834 – considered by some to have been the inventor of the unsinkable lifeboat, designs for which he tested on the Doctor's Pond.
  • Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet (6 November 1753 – 7 February 1827) – British art patron and amateur painter. Played a crucial part in the creation of London's National Gallery by making the first bequest of paintings.
  • Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy GCB GCMG MVO DCO (11 September 1862 – 6 June 1935) was a British Army officer who served as Governor General of Canada – the 12th since Canadian Confederation – and, upon returning to the UK, served as the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. Newton Hall was his first house, though he lived there for two years.
  • Toke Townley born 6 November 1912 in Great Dunmow, died 27 September 1984 in Leeds, was an English actor who appeared as a regular character in the soap opera Emmerdale Farm.
  • Francis Arthur Jefferson VC (18 August 1921 – 4 September 1982) was stationed in Dunmow after WW2 and was married in the village.
  • Glen Murphy MBE, English Actor/Producer received "The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire" while living on a farm in the area in 2007.
  • Tommy Walsh celebrity builder, star of Ground Force, Challenge Tommy Walsh and Tommy Walsh's Eco House.
  • Liam Howlett (musician) from The Prodigy lives in Great Dunmow
  • Keith Flint (musician) (17 September 1969 – c. 4 March 2019), member of The Prodigy, final home and place of death.[10]
  • Alex Lynn racing driver currently with Formula E.
gollark: =tex 5.\frac{3}{2}
gollark: Hey, you could implement *hashtags*.
gollark: I'm imagining all the evil stuff I could make stuff do.
gollark: You could call it "5.15". Probably shouldn't. But could.
gollark: Add and subtract are some kind of compose, I forgot which way round, and concat is... some kind of arrowy operator? It returns a new function which runs two functions on the same input and returns two outputs.

See also

References
  1. "Town population 2011". Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  2. http://www.greatdunmow-tc.gov.uk/
  3. "GREAT DUNMOW TOWN COUNCIL (ESSEX)". Robert Young. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  4. "Town Design Statement Great Dunmow Town / Village Design Statement Design Guidance Protecting Town Village Character". Greatdunmowtds.org. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  5. Togodumnus (Kevan White). "Great Dunmow". Roman-britain.org. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  6. "Great Dunmow". Recordinguttlesfordhistory.org.uk. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  7. Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Great Dunmow, Essex CM6 (1 January 1970). "great dunmow essex – Google Maps". Maps.google.co.uk. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 April 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. Mark Savage (4 March 2019). "The Prodigy's Keith Flint dies aged 49". BBC News. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
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