Governor of Iloilo

The Governor of Iloilo (Filipino: Punong Lalawigan ng Iloilo) is the local chief executive of the Philippine province of Iloilo. The governor holds office at the Iloilo Provincial Capitol (Spanish: Casa Real de Iloilo) located at Bonifacio Drive, Iloilo City. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the governor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former governor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice governor becomes the governor. Along with the governors of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras and Negros Occidental, he sits in the Regional Development Council of the Western Visayas Region.

Governor of Iloilo
Gobernador ng Lalawigan ng Iloilo (in Tagalog)
Seal of the Province of Iloilo
Incumbent
Arthur Defensor Jr.

since June 30, 2019
StyleHis Excellency, Honorable
SeatIloilo Provincial Capitol
Term length3 years, renewable for 3 consecutive terms
Inaugural holderDiego de la Correa (Spanish administration)
Martin Delgado (Civil Government)
Formation1634 (start of the Spanish administration)
1901 (start of the Civil Government by virtue of Philippine Commission Provincial Government Act)
DeputyVice-Governor
WebsiteOfficial Website of the Provincial Government of Iloilo

The current governor is Arthur Defensor Jr. who took the seat for the first time starting July 1, 2019 replacing his father Arthur Defensor Sr. who completed the full three terms as provincial governor.[1]

History

The first Alcalde-Mayor (present-day governor) of Iloilo province to be appointed by the Spanish monarch was Diego de la Correa who held this position from 1634 - 1636. In the early years of Spanish settlement, only a handful of towns has been established. In 1565, the Legazpi expedition which include Mateo del Saz, the Maestre de Campo (Ship Commander), Juan de la Isla and Father Martin de Rada exploring the islands in search for food reached the northeastern portion of Panay island.[2] Father Martin de Rada founded Araut (present day Dumangas) in the same year 1565 becoming the oldest town in Iloilo and built a small chapel there.[3] A Spanish settlement was established in Ogtong (present day Oton) and made the pueblo of the province in 1570. Due to the frequent raids of the Moro pirates from Mindanao, Dutch and English buccaneers posed a threat to Ogtong, the capital of the province was transferred to La Villa Rica de Arevalo in 1581. It then becomes the seat of Spanish government of the whole of Iloilo, Panay (Capiz, Aklan and Antique) Negros, Guimaras, Cuyu-Palawan, Caluya, Romblon and Boracay as Miguel Loarca wrote. Other towns established at these period were Pototan, Sibucao (now Passi City) and Dingle, Laglag (now Dueñas), Salog, Guimbal(1703), Miagao(1716), Leon(1730), Cabatuan(1733), Alimodian(1754), Igbaras(1761), Janiuay(1769), Tubungan(1768), Santa Barbara and Maasin are among the first group of villages that were given a pueblo (town hood) status. [4]

Provincial Capitol

The old Iloilo Provincial Capitol (Spanish: Casa Real de Iloilo) was the office of the provincial government and official residence of the governor since 1849 with the original structure made out of wood and stone. The new modern Iloilo Provincial Capitol was constructed just behind the old provincial capitol and was completed in 2006. It was designed by Architect Guillermo Hisancha. The old provincial capitol has been renovated and restored to its former glory and is now being used as a lobby and reception area for visiting guests and dignitaries. In front of the capitol stands the Arroyo Fountain built in 1928 in honor of Senator Jose Maria Arroyo from Molo, Iloilo City who sponsored a bill creating the Iloilo Metropolitan Water Works. The fountain also serves as the Kilometer Zero or a point of reference in measuring distances in the city and province of Iloilo and also to various points and destinations in Panay Island from Iloilo City.

List of Governors

These are the lists of governors who served the province of Iloilo since the early Spanish settlement in the 1600s to the present day.

Spanish Alcalde Mayores (Governors) of Iloilo Province

After the Spanish settlement was first established in 1570, towns were settled, established and were granted town hood status. By this time, the Spanish government appoints an alcalde mayor to govern the provincial government and surrounding jurisdictions.[5]

Order Year in Office Name Capital Governor-General Notes
11634 - 1636Diego de la CorreaArevaloJuan Cerezo de Salamanca
21637 - 1639Pedro AlarconArevaloSebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
31640 - 1642Pedro de LeonArevaloSebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
41643 - 1646Felipe CasianoArevaloSebastián Hurtado de Corcuera,
Diego Fajardo Chacón
51647 - 1649Juan MendozaArevaloDiego Fajardo Chacón
61650 - 1653Felipe PeñalosaArevaloDiego Fajardo Chacón
71654 - 1657Jose CorderoArevaloSabiniano Manrique de Lara
81658 - 1661Pedro BobaellaArevaloSabiniano Manrique de Lara
91662 - 1664Pedro VelascoArevaloSabiniano Manrique de Lara,
Diego de Salcedo
101665 - 1666Jose BrionesArevaloDiego de Salcedo
111667 - 1668Sebastian de VillasArevaloDiego de Salcedo,
Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz
121669 - 1670Jose de RoblesArevaloJuan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz,
Manuel de León
131671 - 1672Francisco SurrillaArevaloManuel de León
141673 - 1674Miguel RendonArevaloManuel de León
151675 - 1676Alonzo PiralbaArevaloManuel de León
161677 - 1678Nicolas de PamplonaArevaloManuel de León,
Francisco Coloma y Maceda (Real Audiencia),
Francisco Sotomayor y Mansilla (Real Audiencia),
Juan de Vargas y Hurtado
171679 - 1680Miguel Rindon LivarArevaloJuan de Vargas y Hurtado
181681 - 1682Juan de MorenoArevaloJuan de Vargas y Hurtado
191683 - 1684Martin GonzalesArevaloJuan de Vargas y Hurtado,
Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola
201685 - 1686Manuel SarmientoArevaloGabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola
211687 - 1688Nicolas PerezArevaloGabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola
221689 - 1690Diego QuiñonezArevaloAlonso de Avila Fuertes (Real Audiencia),
Fausto Cruzat y Góngora
231691Sebastian de ViaArevaloFausto Cruzat y Góngora
241691 - 1692Diego VargasArevaloFausto Cruzat y Góngora
251694 - 1696Luis CamachoArevaloFausto Cruzat y Góngora
261697 - 1698Juan CarionArevaloFausto Cruzat y Góngora
271699 - 1700Juan MaldonadoArevaloFausto Cruzat y Góngora
281701 - 1702Juan ParadoIloilo CityFausto Cruzat y Góngora,
Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
291703 - 1704Antonio TarosaIloilo CityDomingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
301705 - 1706Juan EsqueraIloilo CityDomingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
311707Pedro AvendanoIloilo CityDomingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
321708 - 1709Nicolas de ColinaIloilo CityDomingo Zabálburu de Echevarri,
Martín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga
331710 - 1711Juan JuradoIloilo CityMartín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga
341712 - 1713Gaspar SanchesIloilo CityMartín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga
351714 - 1715Atancio de GubguraIloilo CityMartín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, count of Lizárraga,,
José Torralba (Real Audiencia),
361716 - 1717Pedro LucenaIloilo CityJosé Torralba (Real Audiencia),
Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda
The town of New Lucena was named after him after he approved the petition of converting the barrio into a pueblo. The prefix "New" was added only in 1955.
371718 - 1719Felipe ArevaloIloilo CityFernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda
381727Pedro Basadas PerezIloilo CityToribio José Cosio y Campo
391728 - 1730Andres MelendayIloilo CityToribio José Cosio y Campo,
Fernándo Valdés y Tamon
401731- 1733Francisco SanguinesIloilo CityFernándo Valdés y Tamon
411734 - 1737Luis de la TorreIloilo CityFernándo Valdés y Tamon
421738 - 1739Felipe EspinoIloilo CityFernándo Valdés y Tamon,
Gaspar de la Torre y Ayala
431740 - 1741Manuel de DozalIloilo CityGaspar de la Torre y Ayala
441742 - 1745Francisco ValladoresIloilo CityGaspar de la Torre y Ayala,
Archbishop Juan de Arechederra (acting)
451746 - 1748Francisco OscotesIloilo CityArchbishop Juan de Arechederra (acting)
461749 - 1751Ignacio MarquezIloilo CityArchbishop Juan de Arechederra (acting),
Francisco José de Ovando, 1st Marquis of Brindisi
471752 - 1754Antonio de ArguellesIloilo CityFrancisco José de Ovando, 1st Marquis of Brindisi,
Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban
481770 - 1771Jose de OcampoIloilo CitySimón de Anda y Salazar
491772 - 1773Manuel de MendioIloilo CitySimón de Anda y Salazar
501775 - 1776Santiago SalavariaIloilo CitySimón de Anda y Salazar,
Pedro de Sarrio
511777 - 1779Felipe AlmoranasIloilo CitySimón de Anda y Salazar,
Pedro de Sarrio,
José Basco y Vargas
521780 - 1782Francisco VieraIloilo CityJosé Basco y Vargas
531783 - 1786Santiago SalavariaIloilo CityJosé Basco y Vargas
541787Juan SuarezIloilo CityJosé Basco y Vargas,
Pedro de Sarrio
551788 - 1795Francisco BayotIloilo CityPedro de Sarrio,
Félix Berenguer de Marquina,
Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León
561796 - 1801Jose MijaresIloilo CityRafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León
571802 - 1804Damian NovalesIloilo CityRafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León
581805 - 1808Froilan AguerreIloilo CityRafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León,
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
59--Iloilo City-
601818 - 1819Manuel CanayIloilo CityMariano Fernández de Folgueras
611820 - 1822Miguel CalderonIloilo CityMariano Fernández de Folgueras,
Juan Antonio Martinez
621823 - 1825Joaquin CeminaIloilo CityJuan Antonio Martínez,
Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca
631826 - 1828Manuel RodriguezIloilo CityMariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca
641829 - 1834Manuel GuillenIloilo CityMariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca,
Pasqual Enrile y Alcedo
651835 - 1841Ambrosio del CalloIloilo CityPasqual Enrile y Alcedo,
Gabriel de Torres,
Joaquín de Crame,
Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona,
Andrés García Camba,
Luis Lardizábal,
Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri
661846 - 1852Felipe CombeIloilo CityNarciso Clavería (1st Count of Manila),
Antonio María Blanco, Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía
671853 - 1855Pedro ZarragaIloilo CityAntonio de Urbistondo y Eguía,
Ramón Montero y Blandino,
Manuel Pavía, 1st Marquis of Novaliches,
Manuel Crespo y Cebrían
The town of Zarraga was named after him.
681856 - 1860Miguel ArilaIloilo CityManuel Crespo y Cebrían,
Ramón Montero y Blandino,
Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero,
Ramón María Solano y Llanderal,
Juan Herrera Dávila
691861Emilio CarlesIloilo CityJuan Herrera Dávila,
José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González
701862 - 1867Jose Maria CarlesIloilo CityJosé Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González,
Salvador Valdés,
Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham,
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez,
Juan de Lara e Irigoyen,
José Laureano de Sanz y Posse,
Juan Antonio Osorio,
José de la Gándara y Navarro
The town of Carles was named after him when he approved the petition of the town leaders of Barrio Badiang converting it into a pueblo.
711868Anastacio de la PeñaIloilo CityJosé de la Gándara y Navarro
721868 - 1869Manuel IznartIloilo CityJosé de la Gándara y Navarro,
Manuel Maldonado,
Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada
A street in Iloilo City was named after him as a former alcalde mayor of Iloilo
731870Eduardo CaballeroIloilo CityCarlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada
741871Fernando RojasIloilo CityCarlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada,
Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez
751872 - 1879Enrique FajardoIloilo CityRafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez,
Manuel MacCrohon,
Juan Alaminos y Vivar,
Manuel Blanco Valderrama (acting), José Malcampo y Monje,
Domingo Moriones y Murillo
761880 - 1881Camilo MillanIloilo CityRafael Rodríguez Arias,
Fernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of Estella
771882 - 1883Miguel AguilarIloilo CityFernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of Estella,
Emilio Molíns, 1st term (acting),
Joaquín Jovellar
781884Luis ZariagaIloilo CityJoaquín Jovellar
791885Luis PrattIloilo CityJoaquín Jovellar,
Emilio Molíns, 1st term (acting),
, Emilio Terrero y Perinat
801889Pedro MonteroIloilo CityValeriano Wéyler
811890Miguel BlancoIloilo CityValeriano Wéyler
821891Nicolas JaramilloIloilo CityValeriano Wéyler,
Eulogio Despujol
831892Jose GramarenIloilo CityEulogio Despujol
841892 - 1896Francisco de CastillaIloilo CityEulogio Despujol,
Federico Ochando (acting),
Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata,
Camilo de Polavieja, 1st Marquis of Polavieja(acting),
851896 - 1898Salvador VianaIloilo CityRamón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata,
Camilo de Polavieja, 1st Marquis of Polavieja(acting), José de Lachambre(acting),
Fernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of Estella,
Basilio Augustín,
Fermín Jáudenes(acting),
Francisco Rizzo(acting),
Diego de los Ríos(acting),
861898Ricardo MonetIloilo CityFernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of Estella,
Basilio Augustín,
Fermín Jáudenes(acting),
Francisco Rizzo(acting),
Diego de los Ríos(acting),

American Commonwealth Period Civil Governors

As the last Spanish politico-military governor (alcalde-mayor) of Iloilo province, Ricardo Monet who served during the last remaining months of 1898 appointed Martin Delgado as captain and commander of the 125-strong voluntarios in Sta. Barbara.

On August 13, 1898, the United States had already bought Manila, Philippines and agreed to spare Iloilo to Spain. Negotiations between the United States and Spain was finished. They made a mock drama on May 10, 1898 that an American vessel will fire a Spanish ship on Manila Bay then they will surrender to America not to a loose platoon of Emilio Aguinaldo in Intramuros. The Americans occupied Manila and raised their flag in Intramuros. Spain's dream is to establish a Spanish kingdom in Iloilo its loyal and devoted province and totally relinquish its right in the entire Philippines.

Gen. Pablo Araneta appointed Martin Delgado as "General en Jefe de los Tropas del Ejercito Libertador de Visayas y Governador Politico-Militar". On October 28, 1898, Delgado marched into Santa Barbara and took control of the municipal building.[6]

Meanwhile, Spanish governor-general Diego de los Ríos left Manila and sailed to Iloilo and established the last Spanish capital in the Orient in Iloilo City. General de los Rios asked Spain to grant some reforms demanded by the representative citizens of Iloilo. He issued in Iloilo a proclamation to the people of the Visayas calling on them to establish a "Council of Reforms" to be made up of 24 leading citizens, 12 of whom would be selected by popular vote, another 12 to be appointed by the general himself.[7]

General de los Rios was obviously sincere in bringing about the reforms people asked for. The granted reforms, however, satisfied only a few ilustrado leaders. Things did not turn out the way it should be. There was widespread oppositions of their offer. The flame of rebellion already swept Iloilo towns, Panay and Negros under Comite Conspirador. Their swift decision is to forego more battle and to peacefully grant sovereignty to Iloilo and to vacate the place and let Americans finished the job. If Ilonggos would have remained loyal to Spain, it would have not encountered the canons of the Americans.

On February 6, 1901, several days after the passage of the Municipal Code, the Philippine Commission passed the Act No. 83 or the Provincial Government Act. It states that every province shall have elected provincial governor. Election is also to be held to also elect a provincial secretary, a provincial treasurer, a provincial supervisor and a provincial fiscal.

On February 2, 1901 during the fiesta celebration of Jaro, General Delgado weary of war and poorly armed formally surrendered in Jaro to the American military governor Edmund Rice. Many of the rebel leaders surrendered.

He was recognized by the Americans as "the ablest leader" on the island. Delgado was appointed as the first governor of Iloilo province upon the establishment of the civil government on April 11, 1901. Jovito Yusay was given the provincial government secretary with a yearly stipend of $1,800 gold. Quintin Salas and his Chief of Staff. Lt. Col. Francisco Jalandoni were the last to lay down their arms on October 4, 1901.[8]Here are the governors of the province during the American Commonwealth Period.[9]


Order Term Of Office Portrait Name Origin Governor-General Notes
87 1901 - 1904 Martin Teofilo Delgado Sta. Barbara Arthur MacArthur Jr.,
Adna Chaffee,
William Howard Taft,
Luke Edward Wright
The first civil governor of Iloilo being appointed by virtue of Provincial Government Act by the Philippine Commission
88 1904 - 1906 Raymundo Melliza Molo Luke Edward Wright,
Henry Clay Ide,
James Francis Smith
The only Filipino who served as magistrate in the Supreme Court of Cuba. A schoolmate and dear friend of Jose Rizal, he was the one who persuaded Rizal to serve as military doctor in the Spanish-American War in Cuba
89 1906 - 1908 Benito Lopez Jaro Henry Clay Ide,
James Francis Smith
He was the first Ilonggo civil governor to be assassinated while in office. He was literally shot in his office at the Iloilo Provincial Capitol.
90 1908 - 1912 Ruperto Montinola Jaro James Francis Smith,
William Cameron Forbes
91 1912 - 1914 Adriano Hernández y Dayot Dingle James Francis Smith,
William Cameron Forbes,
Newton W. Gilbert(acting governor-general),
Francis Burton Harrison
92 1914 - 1916 Amado Avanceña Molo Francis Burton Harrison
93 1917 - 1922 Gregorio Yulo Molo Francis Burton Harrison,
Newton W. Gilbert(acting governor-general),
Leonard Wood
94 1922 - 1925 Ruperto Montinola Jaro Leonard Wood
95 1925 - 1927 Jose Ledesma Jaro Leonard Wood,
Eugene Allen Gilmore(acting governor-general),
Henry L. Stimson
96 1927 - 1928 Jose Lopez-Vito Jaro Henry L. Stimson,
Eugene Allen Gilmore(acting governor-general)
Appointed governor
97 1928 - 1929 Mariano Pidal Arroyo Molo Henry L. Stimson,
Eugene Allen Gilmore(acting governor-general)
98 1929 - 1931 Alejo Aquino Jaro Eugene Allen Gilmore(acting governor-general),
Dwight F. Davis
99 1931 - 1934 Jose Regalado Yulo Molo Dwight F. Davis,
George C. Butte(acting governor-general),
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.,
Frank Murphy
100 1934 - 1937 Timoteo Y. Consing, Sr. Molo Frank Murphy,
Paul V. McNutt
Appointed governor
101 1938 - 1941 Tomás Confesor Cabatuan Paul V. McNutt,
Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.
102 1941 - 1942 Oscar Ledesma Jaro Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.

World War II Governors

These were the provincial governors of Iloilo during the dark years of World War II.

Order Term Of Office Portrait Name Origin Governor-General Notes
103 1942 - 1944 Fermin Caram Beirut Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.,
Paul V. McNutt,
Masaharu Homma,
Shizuichi Tanaka,
Shigenori Kuroda,
Tomoyuki Yamashita
Governor under the Japanese Sponsored Government. Known as the Grand Old Man of Iloilo. He saved Iloilo City from heavy bombings by the American forces by asking to put a big "NO MORE JAPS" message on the balcony of his house for the pilot to see his message therefore stopping continued devastation of the city.
104 1942 - 1945 Tomás Confesor Cabatuan Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.,
Paul V. McNutt,
Masaharu Homma,
Shizuichi Tanaka,
Shigenori Kuroda,
Tomoyuki Yamashita
Provincial Governor under the Civil Resistance Government

Post War - Present Governors

These are the governors of the province after the war up to the present.[10]

Order Term Of Office Portrait Name Origin Vice-Governor President Notes
105 1945 Patricio Confesor Cabatuan José P. Laurel,
Sergio Osmeña
106 1945 Jose Ledesma Jaro José P. Laurel,
Sergio Osmeña
107 1946 - 1948 Tomas Vargas Janiuay Manuel Roxas
108 1948 - 1959 Mariano Peñaflorida Pototan Manuel Roxas,
Elpidio Quirino,
Ramon Magsaysay,
Carlos P. Garcia
109 1960 - 1963 José Zulueta Molo Guardalino Mosqueda Elected (Jan. 1, 1960 - Dec. 31, 1963) Carlos P. Garcia,
Diosdado Macapagal
110 1964 - 1969 Rafael Palmares Passi Conrado Norada Elected (Jan. 1, 1964 - Dec. 31, 1967)
Re-Elected (Jan. 1, 1968 - Sept. 10, 1969)
Fortunato Padilla Succeeded (Sept. 11, 1969 - Dec. 31, 1971)
Diosdado Macapagal,
Ferdinand Marcos
111 1969 - 1986 Conrado Norada Miagao Fortunato Padilla Succeeded (Sept. 11, 1969 - Dec. 31, 1971)
Ramon Duremdes Elected (Jan. 1, 1972 - Dec. 31, 1975) PD 826 (Jan. 1, 1976 - May 31, 1980)Elected (June 1, 1981 - Feb. 26, 1986)
Ferdinand Marcos
112 1986 - 1987 Licurgo Tirador Pototan Carlos Lopez Jr. Appointed (May 8, 1986 - Nov. 26, 1986)
Simplicio Griño Appointed (Dec. 22, 1986 - Mar. 31, 1987)
Corazon Aquino Appointed governor
113 1987 - 1992 Simplicio Griño Oton Ramon Lopez Jr. Appointed (Apr. 9, 1987 - Jan. 31, 1988)
Ramon Duremdes Elected (Feb. 1, 1988 - Apr. 1990)
Robert Maroma Acting Capacity (May 1990 - Mar. 1992)
Corazon Aquino
113 1992 Feliciano Marañon Leganes Ramon Duremdes Elected (Apr. 1992 - Jun 30 1992) Corazon Aquino Acting Capacity
114 1992 - 2001 Arthur Defensor Sr. Mina Robert Maroma Elected (Jul 1, 1992 - Jun 30 1995)
Demetrio Sonza Elected (Jul 1, 1995 - Jun 30 1998) Re-Elected (Jul 1, 1998 - Jun 30 2001)
Fidel Ramos,
Joseph Estrada
115 2001 - 2010 Niel Tupas Sr. Ajuy Roberto Armada Elected (Jul 1, 2001 - Jun 30 2004) Re-Elected (Jul 1, 2004 - Jun 30 2007)
Rolex Suplico Elected (Jul 1, 2007 - Jun 30 2010)
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
116 2010 - 2019 Arthur Defensor Sr. Mina Oscar Richard Garin Jr. Elected (Jul 1, 2010 - Jun 30, 2013)
Raul Tupas Elected (Jul 1, 2013 - Jun 30, 2016)
Christine Garin Elected (Jul 1, 2016 - Jun 30, 2019)
Benigno Aquino III,
Rodrigo Duterte
117 2019 - present Arthur Defensor Jr. Mina Christine Garin Re-Elected (Jul 1, 2019 - present) Rodrigo Duterte
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References

  1. "Governor Arthur D. Defensor, Sr". Province of Iloilo Official Website Of the Provincial Government of Iloilo. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  2. Dr. de Morga, Antonio (1609). Book of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
  3. de San Agustin, Gaspar. Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas(1565-1615). Madrid.
  4. Monografias de los Pueblos de Iloilo,. Iloilo (Philippines : Province), University of San Agustin Publishing House. Iloilo City, 2016.CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. Lujan, Nereo Cajilig (November 3, 2017). "Governors of Iloilo". Facebook. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  6. Salvilla, Rex S. 12 Interesting Facts about West Visayas. Iloilo City.
  7. Henry Armbrust (3 October 1898). "Aguinaldo Wants His Army Paid". The San Francisco Call. San Francisco, CA. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  8. Foreham, John (September 1905). The Philippine Islands Third Edition.
  9. Manuel David and Ramon Campos (1937). Panay Directory and Souvenir Book. Google Books. Ramon Roces Publications, Inc. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  10. Felix Regalado and Quintin Franco (1973). History of Panay. Central Philippine University. Iloilo City.



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