Friedenau

Friedenau (German pronunciation ) is a locality (Ortsteil) within the borough (Bezirk) of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin, Germany. Relatively small by area, its population density is the highest in the city.[1]

Friedenau
Quarter of Berlin
Town hall
Location of Friedenau in Tempelhof-Schöneberg and Berlin
Friedenau
Friedenau
Coordinates: 52°28′20″N 13°19′47″E
CountryGermany
StateBerlin
CityBerlin
BoroughTempelhof-Schöneberg
Founded1871
Area
 • Total1.65 km2 (0.64 sq mi)
Elevation
40 m (130 ft)
Population
 (2008-06-30)
 • Total26,736
 • Density16,000/km2 (42,000/sq mi)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
(nr. 0702) 12159, 12161
Vehicle registrationB

Geography

Friedenau is part of the southwestern suburbs, right at the border with the inner city Schöneberg district, separated by the Berlin Ringbahn and the BAB 100 motorway (Stadtring). It borders the Wilmersdorf locality in the west and Steglitz in the south.

The streets and squares are laid out according to a geometric urban design with an almost complete assembly of Gründerzeit buildings, which survived the bombing of Berlin in World War II.

Urban planning

The characteristic feature of Friedenau is the Carstenn figure, named after urban developer Johann Anton Wilhelm von Carsten. This symmetrical figure consists of an avenue dividing a circular road, which is delimited by four town squares.

Some streets in Friedenau were renamed after rivers in Alsace-Lorraine to commemorate the annexation of this region into the German Empire.

The majority of buildings in Friedenau date to the early 20th century. Therefore, the architectural styles are almost uniform. 185 buildings are protected as cultural heritage sites.

Younger buildings do not necessarily match the surrounding cityscape, since the reconstruction efforts after World War II gave little consideration to the preservation of architectural uniformity.

History
Friedenau: Deluge-Fountain at Perelsplatz

In 1871 it was founded as an affluent commuter town on the estates of the former Deutsch-Wilmersdorf manor. The German name Friedenau, referring to Frieden (peace) and the suffix -au meaning floodplains (hence "floodplain of peace"), was proposed by Hedwig Hähnel, wife of the architect Hermann Hähnel, in memory of the 1871 Peace of Frankfurt, which ended the Franco-Prussian War. It was adopted by Mr. Hähnel, then the director of the Landerwerb- und Bauverein auf Actien (inc.), which developed the real estate in the area.[2] When in 1874 the area constituted as an independent municipality within the Province of Brandenburg, the denotation had already been established and became the official municipal name.

Friedenau opened its own non-denominational municipal cemetery, today's Städtischer Friedhof III, which soon grew too small. So in 1909 Friedenau bought a tract of land in Güterfelde (today a component of Stahnsdorf) as additional graveyard, with the first burial taking place in 1913. Friedenau's municipal construction councillor Hans Altmann designed for the cemetery a mourning chapel, an office, a gardener's house, a flower shop, benches and a fountain as well as a net of paths replicating the streets net in Friedenau. Since June 1913 the cemetery was accessible via the so-called cemetery train line ending at Stahnsdorf station.

Friedenau joined with the town of Schöneberg in 1920 – under the latter's name – as the former 11th administrative borough of Greater Berlin. In the short time from 29 April to 30 June 1945, when the Red Army occupied all Berlin, it was a borough in its own right, until it was reunified with Schöneberg as one borough within the American Sector of West Berlin.

The Güterfelde cemetery, since 1920 called Forest Cemetery of Schöneberg was operated since 1935 by Berlin's Borough of Wilmersdorf, called Wilmersdorf Forest Cemetery Güterfelde (German: Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Güterfelde). After 1945 the cemetery happened to be in the Soviet Zone of Occupation and later in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), thus with the increasing Eastern interdiction of West Berlin the cemetery grew inaccessible for the Friedenauers.

On 5 April 1986 a bomb exploded at the La Belle discothèque in a former cinema on Hauptstraße 78, killing a Turkish woman and two U.S. servicemen and injuring numerous people. A plaque marks the site.

Notable people

Friedenau has always been home to creative artists, especially of authors. Prominent residents include:

Transport
Good Shepherd Church on Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz

Friedenau has access to the Berlin U-Bahn network at Innsbrucker Platz station (U4) as well as at Bundesplatz, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz and Walther-Schreiber-Platz (U9). S-Bahn service is available at the Bundesplatz and Innsbrucker Platz stations of the Ringbahn. The nearby Friedenau station of the S1 line is actually situated in neighbouring Schöneberg.

The locality can also be reached via Bundesautobahn 100 (Stadtring) at Wexstraße and Innsbrucker Platz junctions and by Bundesautobahn 103 (Westtangente), also Bundesstraße 1, at Saarstraße.

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gollark: I mean, they're possibly things which would have worked better at propagating humans' genes or whatever in the "ancestral environment" where we evolved than... the alternative.
gollark: Or, er, "optimize for these goals".
gollark: Well, you can convert that to a single goal of "do these goals in priority order".
gollark: "Rational" implies we have some sort of clear goal and are trying to optimize for that.

See also
  • Städtischer Friedhof III

References

  1. (in German) Boroughs, Localities, and Statistical Tracts from Berlin's Statistical Office Archived 27 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Cf. "Kleine Chronik von Friedenau", in: Schöneberg-Friedenauer Lokal Anzeiger (Jubiläumsausgabe 1874–1924), 9 November 1924, republished in: Hermann Ebling, Friedenau: aus dem Leben einer Landgemeinde 1871–1924; eine Dokumentation, Berlin: Zinsmeister & Grass, 1986, p. 33. ISBN 3-9801309-0-8
  3. about the history of this house in Fregestraße see: Christian H. Freitag: Ritter, Reichsmarschall & Revoluzzer. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses. Berlin 2015
  4. Interview - Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung March 1990.


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