Foshay Tower

The Foshay Tower, now the W Minneapolis – The Foshay hotel, is a skyscraper in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Modeled after the Washington Monument, the building was completed in 1929, months before the stock market crash in October of that year. It has 32 floors and stands 447 feet (136 m) high, plus an antenna mast that extends the total height of the structure to 607 feet (185 m). The building, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, is an example of Art Deco architecture. Its address is 821 Marquette Avenue, although it is set well back from the street and is actually closer to 9th Street than Marquette.

Foshay Tower
Minneapolis Landmark
The Foshay Tower, looking east.
LocationMinneapolis, Minnesota
Coordinates44°58′28″N 93°16′17.5″W
Built1929
ArchitectMagney & Tusler, Inc.
Architectural styleArt Deco
NRHP reference No.78001538 [1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 20, 1978
Designated MPLSL1984
Elevator doors

Early skyscraper

The Foshay Tower marked a significant landmark locally in the push skyward, as the tower was the first in the city to surpass the height of Minneapolis City Hall, completed in 1906. It remained the tallest building in Minneapolis until the IDS Center surpassed it in 1972.

Structure and interior

As the building was designed to echo the Washington Monument, the sides of the building slope slightly inward, and each floor of the Foshay Tower is slightly smaller than the one below it. It is also unusual in that the tower is set back from the street, with a two-story structure surrounding it on the Marquette Avenue and 9th Street sides. The other two sides of the building, facing 8th Street and 2nd Avenue, are now surrounded by the TCF Tower, which rises to 17 stories on the 2nd Avenue side and entirely obscures the views from the windows of the first seven stories of the Foshay Tower on the 2nd Avenue and 8th Street sides. Internally the building uses steel and reinforced concrete. The exterior is faced with Indiana limestone, while the interior features African Mahogany, Italian marble, terrazzo, gold-plated doorknobs, a silver and gold plated ceiling, beautiful ornamental bronze entrances and work throughout the building (made by Crown Iron Works Company of Minneapolis), hand wrought iron and three commissioned busts of George Washington. It cost US$3.75 million to build. From the Marquette Avenue side of the structure, the name, "Foshay," is visible in concrete four times on the exterior of the building (once on the top and three times on the street level).

Dedication

Foshay Tower was the lifelong dream and namesake of Wilbur Foshay, an art student turned businessman who amassed his fortune by building up three utility company empires (operating as the W. B. Foshay Company). At the time the tower was being built, he had sold his previous two empires in turn and was building up his third (which was eventually to stretch from Alaska to Nicaragua). He planned to locate his business and residence on the 27th and 28th floors where a three-bedroom, three-bath suite was built, with a fireplace and library, Italian Siena marble walls and glass-paneled ceilings.[2][3]

Foshay invited 25,000 guests to the dedication ceremony and provided all-expenses paid trips to many who included cabinet members, senators and congressmen. Half-nude dancers entertained. Each guest received a gold pocketwatch. The military gave 19-gun salutes. John Philip Sousa conducted music, including the "Foshay Tower–Washington Memorial March," a march he wrote for the occasion. Foshay presented Sousa with a check for US$20,000.[2]

The march was only played once during Foshay's lifetime. Six weeks after the building's opening on November 2, 1929, Foshay's corporate empire was thrown into receivership at the onset of the Great Depression. Ignominiously, Foshay's check to Sousa bounced, and in retaliation, Sousa prohibited the playing of the march so long as Foshay's debt to him remained outstanding. Foshay never lived in his new home, which also went into receivership. It wasn't until 1988 when a group of Minnesota investors repaid Foshay's debt to Sousa's estate that the march was permitted to be played in public again.

Magney & Tusler

The Foshay was designed by Léon Eugène Arnal (1881–1963),[4] chief designer for the architects Magney & Tusler, later known as Setter, Leach & Lindstrom, which was acquired by Leo A. Daly in 2003.[5]

The building has the name "FOSHAY" in 10 foot (3 m) lighted letters on all four sides just below the top. A U.S. patent for this display technique was filed in 1929 by Gottlieb R. Magney, Wilbur Tusler and Arnal and granted in 1931, assigned to the W. B. Foshay Co.[6]

Later use

The tower was headquarters for Citizens Utilities, the successor to Foshay's company.

Foshay Tower and surrounding buildings

In January 1981, the building was wrapped in a huge yellow ribbon during the final days of the Iran hostage crisis. Once the hostages returned to the United States, the ribbon was moved to the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul so that people could sign it. The ribbon is now in the Minnesota Historical Society.

The antenna on the roof has been used by various broadcasters, including television stations WTCN (now KARE), WCCO and KMSP. Radio station KFAI has been broadcasting from the tower since 1984, but moved their transmission tower to the IDS Center in March 2007, due to the W Hotel renovation. Around 1980, when the Foshay was still one of the tallest buildings in Minneapolis, the pyramidal top was covered with numerous pieces of radio transmitting equipment.

The structure's street level establishments once included Cafe Un Deux Trois, notable for having Andrew Zimmern as Executive Chef for its first 4​1⁄2-years,[7] and Peter's Grill, Minneapolis's oldest restaurant, was located across the street.

The Norwegian consulate was located in the tower until 2007, when it moved to the AT&T Tower across the street.The Norway Portal - Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Conversion to W Hotel

On September 4, 2006, it was reported that developers Ralph W. Burnet and Minneapolis-based Ryan Companies would spend as much as $90 million to convert the 32-story office tower into a 230-room W Hotel, part of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide.Redirect All tenants with the exception of Keys Café on the first floor moved out.

A unique finding occurred at the tower when workers were replacing the ceiling in the hotel's lobby. When the lobby ceiling was removed, they discovered the room's original ceiling, complete with intricate engravings and embossed with various logos. However, due to past renovation work and age, the ceiling had deteriorated and was badly damaged. It has been reported that workers are currently in the process of restoring the original ceiling at the behest of the National Register of Historic Places, a process which will take a total of four months alone.[8]

The renovated W Minneapolis – The Foshay opened on August 13, 2008. The hotel retains the 30th floor observation deck and converted Wilbur Foshay's former boardroom on the 27th floor into the Prohibition Sky Bar.

gollark: I mean that it seems to require trusting the provider of the other end, i.e. the one the robocaller is subscribed to.
gollark: Which is probably better than now, at least.
gollark: From a rough skimming of the Wikipedia page it looks like the protocol effectively just requires VoIP providers to not do evil things.
gollark: Ooo, an animated version? Neat!
gollark: I think it will probably still be somewhat bad for a while, given that quite a lot of people are just not working right now.

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006.
  2. Douglas, George H. (2004). Skyscrapers: A Social History Of The Very Tall Building In America. McFarland & Company. pp. 236–238. ISBN 0-7864-2030-8. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  3. Buzenberg, Bill (February 1, 2000). "Mr. Foshay's Legend". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  4. "Arnal, Leon Eugene, 1881-1963. - Social Networks and Archival Context". snaccooperative.org.
  5. "Leon Arnal Papers". Northwest Architectural Archives, University of Minnesota. Retrieved December 2, 2012. and "Magney & Tusler". Emporis. and "Setter, Leach & Lindstrom". Emporis. and "Famous Architects Active Locally: Magney & Tusler". Consolidated Diversions. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007. and "Minneapolis". Leo A Daly. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
  6. Magney, Gottlieb R.; Tusler, Wilbur H.; Arnal, Leon E. "Display Device for Buildings (US patent 1806634)". granted May 26, 1931, filed February 1, 1929. assigned to W. B. Foshay Co., of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  7. Rick Nelson, Cafe Un Deux Trois closes its doors, Star Tribune, April 7, 2003, Accessed December 8, 2010.
  8. Feyder, Susan (February 17, 2008). "Foshay's Rebirth". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2008.

Photos at the Hennepin County Library

Photos at the Minnesota Historical Society

Preceded by
Plummer Building		 Tallest building in Minnesota
1929—1973
447 feet (136 m)		 Succeeded by
IDS Tower
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