Eartha Kitt

Eartha Kitt (born Eartha Mae Keith; January 17, 1927 – December 25, 2008) was an American singer, actress, dancer, comedian, activist, author, and songwriter known for her highly distinctive singing style and her 1953 recordings of "C'est si bon" and the Christmas novelty song "Santa Baby", both of which reached the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. Orson Welles once called her the "most exciting woman in the world".[2]

Eartha Kitt
Kitt performing in concert, 2007
Born
Eartha Mae Keith

(1927-01-17)January 17, 1927
North or St. Matthews, South Carolina, U.S.
DiedDecember 25, 2008(2008-12-25) (aged 81)
Weston, Connecticut, U.S.
Other namesMiss Kitt, Mother Eartha,[1] Kitty
Occupation
  • Singer
  • actress
  • dancer
  • activist
  • comedian
  • author
  • songwriter
Years active1942–2008
Spouse(s)
John W. McDonald
​
(
m. 1960; div. 1965)
Children1
Musical career
Genres
Labels
Associated acts
Websiteearthakitt.com

Kitt began her career in 1942 and appeared in the 1945 original Broadway theatre production of the musical Carib Song. In the early 1950s, she had six US Top 30 hits, including "Uska Dara" and "I Want to Be Evil". Her other notable recordings include the UK Top 10 hit "Under the Bridges of Paris" (1954), "Just an Old Fashioned Girl" (1956) and "Where Is My Man" (1983). She starred in 1967 as Catwoman, in the third and final season of the television series Batman.

In 1968, her career in the U.S. deteriorated after she made anti-Vietnam War statements at a White House luncheon. Ten years later, she made a successful return to Broadway in the 1978 original production of the musical Timbuktu!, for which she received the first of her two Tony Award nominations. Her second was for the 2000 original production of the musical The Wild Party. Kitt wrote three autobiographies.[3]

Kitt found a new generation of fans through her roles in the Disney films The Emperor's New Groove (2000), in which she voiced the villainous Yzma, and Holes (2003). She reprised the role as Yzma in the direct-to-video sequel Kronk's New Groove (2005), as well as the animated series The Emperor's New School (2006–2008). Her work on the latter earned her two Daytime Emmy Awards. She posthumously won a third Emmy in 2010 for her guest performance on Wonder Pets!.

Early life

Eartha Mae Keith was born on a cotton plantation near the small town of North, South Carolina,[4] or St. Matthews[5] on January 17, 1927. Her mother Annie Mae Keith was of Cherokee and African descent. Though she had little knowledge of her father, it was reported that he was a son of the owner of the farm where she had been born, and that Kitt was conceived by rape.[6][7][8] In a 2013 biography, British journalist John Williams claimed that Kitt's father was a white man, a local doctor named Daniel Sturkie.[9] Kitt's daughter, Kitt Shapiro, has questioned the accuracy of the claim.[10] Eartha's mother, Annie Mae Keith (later Annie Mae Riley), soon went to live with a black man who refused to accept Eartha because of her relatively pale complexion; she was raised by a relative named Aunt Rosa, in whose household she was abused. After the death of Annie Mae, Eartha was sent to live with another relative named Mamie Kitt (who may, in fact, have been her biological mother) in Harlem, New York City,[7] where she attended the Metropolitan Vocational High School (later renamed the High School of Performing Arts).[11]

Career
Kitt photographed by Carl Van Vechten, October 19, 1952

Kitt began her career as a member of the Katherine Dunham Company in 1943 and remained a member of the troupe until 1948. A talented singer with a distinctive voice, she recorded the hits "Let's Do It", "Champagne Taste", "C'est si bon" (which Stan Freberg famously burlesqued), "Just an Old Fashioned Girl", "Monotonous", "Je cherche un homme", "Love for Sale", "I'd Rather Be Burned as a Witch", "Kâtibim" (a Turkish melody), "Mink, Schmink", "Under the Bridges of Paris" and her most recognizable hit "Santa Baby", which was released in 1953. Kitt's unique style was enhanced as she became fluent in French during her years performing in Europe. She spoke four languages (she is thought to have learned German and Dutch from her stepfather, English from her mother, and French from the European cabaret circuit) and sang in eleven, which she demonstrated in many of the live recordings of her cabaret performances. Diana Ross said that as a member of The Supremes she largely based her look and sound after Kitt's.[12]

Career peaks
Kitt asleep on a bus, 1962

In 1950, Orson Welles gave Kitt her first starring role as Helen of Troy in his staging of Dr. Faustus. Two years later, she was cast in the revue New Faces of 1952, introducing "Monotonous" and "Bal, Petit Bal", two songs with which she is still identified. In 1954, 20th Century Fox distributed an independently-filmed version of the revue entitled New Faces, in which she performed "Monotonous", "Uska Dara", "C'est si bon",[13] and "Santa Baby". Though it is often alleged that Welles and Kitt had an affair during her 1957 run in Shinbone Alley, Kitt categorically denied this in a June 2001 interview with George Wayne of Vanity Fair. "I never had sex with Orson Welles," Kitt told Vanity Fair: "It was a working situation and nothing else."[14] Her other films in the 1950s included The Mark of the Hawk (1957), St. Louis Blues (1958) and Anna Lucasta (1958). Kitt had a minor hit in Sweden 1956 with her record in Swedish, "Rosenkyssar" ("Rose Kisses", RCA FAS 511).

Throughout the rest of the 1950s and early 1960s, she recorded; worked in film, television, and nightclubs; and returned to the Broadway stage, in Mrs. Patterson (during the 1954–1955 season), Shinbone Alley (in 1957), and the short-lived Jolly's Progress (in 1959).[15] In 1964, Kitt helped open the Circle Star Theater in San Carlos, California. In the late 1960s, Batman featured Kitt as Catwoman after Julie Newmar had left the show in 1967. She appeared in a 1967 Mission: Impossible episode, "The Traitor," as a contortionist.

Kitt as Catwoman in the Batman television series, 1967

The "White House Incident", blacklisting and CIA defamation

In January 1968,[16] during Lyndon B. Johnson's administration, Kitt encountered a substantial professional setback after she made anti-war statements during a White House luncheon.[17][18] Kitt was asked by First Lady Lady Bird Johnson about the Vietnam War. She replied: "You send the best of this country off to be shot and maimed. No wonder the kids rebel and take pot."[19] During a question and answer session, Kitt stated:

The children of America are not rebelling for no reason. They are not hippies for no reason at all. We don't have what we have on Sunset Blvd. for no reason. They are rebelling against something. There are so many things burning the people of this country, particularly mothers. They feel they are going to raise sons – and I know what it's like, and you have children of your own, Mrs. Johnson – we raise children and send them to war.

Her remarks caused Mrs. Johnson to burst into tears and led to a derailment in Kitt's career.[6]

Following the incident, Kitt found herself unemployable, so she devoted her energies to performances in Europe and Asia. It is said that Kitt's career in the United States was ended following her comments about the Vietnam War, after which she was branded "a sadistic nymphomaniac" by the CIA.[10] Her government-led blacklisting was enshrined in a false and defamatory CIA dossier about Kitt discovered by Seymour Hersh in 1975. Hersh published an article about the dossier in The New York Times.[20] The dossier contained comments about Kitt's sex life and family history, along with negative opinions of her that were held by former colleagues. Kitt's response to the dossier was to say "I don't understand what this is about. I think it's disgusting."[20]

Broadway

In the 1970s, Kitt appeared on television several times on BBC's long-running variety show The Good Old Days, and in 1987 took over from fellow American Dolores Gray in the London West End production of Stephen Sondheim's Follies and returned at the end of that run to star in a one-woman-show at the same Shaftesbury Theatre, both to tremendous acclaim. In both those shows performing the show-stopping theatrical anthem "I'm Still Here". Kitt returned to New York City in a triumphant turn in the Broadway spectacle Timbuktu! (a version of the perennial Kismet, set in Africa) in 1978. In the musical, one song gives a "recipe" for mahoun, a preparation of cannabis, in which her sultry purring rendition of the refrain "constantly stirring with a long wooden spoon" was distinctive. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance. In the late 1990s, she appeared as the Wicked Witch of the West in the North American national touring company of The Wizard of Oz. In 2000, Kitt again returned to Broadway in the short-lived run of Michael John LaChiusa's The Wild Party. Beginning in late 2000, Kitt starred as the Fairy Godmother in the U.S. national tour of Cinderella. In 2003, she replaced Chita Rivera in Nine. Kitt reprised her role as the Fairy Godmother at a special engagement of Cinderella, which took place at Lincoln Center during the holiday season of 2004. From October to early December 2006, Kitt co-starred in the off-Broadway musical Mimi le Duck.

Voice-over

In 1978, Kitt did the voice-over in a television commercial for the album Aja by the rock group Steely Dan. One of her more unusual roles was as Kaa in a 1994 BBC Radio adaptation of The Jungle Book. Kitt also lent her distinctive voice to Yzma in The Emperor's New Groove (for which she won her first Annie Award) and reprised her role in Kronk's New Groove and The Emperor's New School, for which she won two Emmy Awards and, in 2007–08, two more Annie Awards for Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production. Kitt had voiced Vexus in My Life as a Teenage Robot.

Later years

1980s

In 1984, she returned to the music charts with a disco song titled "Where Is My Man", the first certified gold record of her career. "Where Is My Man" reached the Top 40 on the UK Singles Chart, where it peaked at No. 36;[21] the song became a standard in discos and dance clubs of the time and made the Top 10 on the US Billboard dance chart, where it reached No. 7.[22] The single was followed by the album I Love Men on the Record Shack label. Kitt found new audiences in nightclubs across the UK and the United States, including a whole new generation of gay male fans, and she responded by frequently giving benefit performances in support of HIV/AIDS organizations. Her 1989 follow-up hit "Cha-Cha Heels" (featuring Bronski Beat), which was originally intended to be recorded by Divine, received a positive response from UK dance clubs, reaching No. 32 in the charts in that country. In 1988, Kitt replaced Dolores Gray in the West End production of Stephen Sondheim's Follies as Carlotta, receiving standing ovations every night for her rendition of "I'm Still Here" at the beginning of act 2. She went on to perform her own one-woman show at The Shaftesbury Theatre to sold-out houses for three weeks in early 1989 after Follies.

1990s

Kitt appeared with Jimmy James and George Burns at a fundraiser in 1990 produced by Scott Sherman, agent from the Atlantic Entertainment Group. It was arranged that James would impersonate Kitt and then Kitt would walk out to take the microphone. This was met with a standing ovation.[23] In 1991, Kitt returned to the screen in Ernest Scared Stupid as Old Lady Hackmore. In 1992, she had a supporting role as Lady Eloise in Boomerang. In 1995, Kitt appeared as herself in an episode of The Nanny, where she performed a song in French and flirted with Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy). In November 1996, she appeared in an episode of Celebrity Jeopardy!. She also did a series of commercials for Old Navy.

2000s

Kitt was the spokesperson for MAC Cosmetics' Smoke Signals collection in August 2007. She re-recorded "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" for the occasion, was showcased on the MAC website, and the song was played at all MAC locations carrying the collection for the month. She also appeared in the 2007 independent film And Then Came Love opposite Vanessa Williams. In her later years, Kitt made annual appearances in the New York Manhattan cabaret scene at venues such as the Ballroom and the Café Carlyle.[24] As noted, Kitt did voice work for the animated projects The Emperor's New Groove and its spinoffs, as well as for My Life as a Teenage Robot. In April 2008, just months before her death, Kitt appeared at the Cheltenham Jazz Festival; the performance was recorded. She was also a guest star in "Once Upon a Time in Springfield" of The Simpsons, where she was depicted as one of Krusty's past marriages.

Personal life
Kitt at the Carlton Tower hotel in London, 1973

After romances with the cosmetics magnate Charles Revson and banking heir John Barry Ryan III, she married John William McDonald, an associate of a real estate investment company, on June 6, 1960.[25] They had one child, a daughter named Kitt McDonald, born on November 26, 1961. They divorced in 1965. A long-time Connecticut resident, Eartha Kitt lived in a converted barn on a sprawling farm in the Merryall section of New Milford for many years and was active in local charities and causes throughout Litchfield County. She later moved to Pound Ridge, New York, but returned in 2002 to the southern Fairfield County, Connecticut, town of Weston, in order to be near her daughter Kitt and family. Her daughter, Kitt, married Charles Lawrence Shapiro in 1987[26] and had two children, Jason and Rachel Shapiro.

Activism

Kitt was active in numerous social causes in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1966, she established the Kittsville Youth Foundation, a chartered and non-profit organization for underprivileged youths in the Watts area of Los Angeles.[27] She was also involved with a group of youths in the area of Anacostia in Washington, D.C., who called themselves "Rebels with a Cause". Kitt supported the groups' efforts to clean up streets and establish recreation areas in an effort to keep them out of trouble by testifying with them before the House General Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. In her testimony, in May 1967, Kitt stated that the Rebels' "achievements and accomplishments should certainly make the adult 'do-gooders' realize that these young men and women have performed in 1 short year – with limited finances – that which was not achieved by the same people who might object to turning over some of the duties of planning, rehabilitation, and prevention of juvenile delinquents and juvenile delinquency to those who understand it and are living it". She added that "the Rebels could act as a model for all urban areas throughout the United States with similar problems".[28] "Rebels with a Cause" subsequently received the needed funding.[29] Kitt was also a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom; her criticism of the Vietnam War and its connection to poverty and racial unrest in 1968 can be seen as part of a larger commitment to peace activism.[30] Like many politically active public figures of her time, Kitt was under surveillance by the CIA, beginning in 1956. After The New York Times discovered the CIA file on Kitt in 1975, she granted the paper permission to print portions of the report, stating: "I have nothing to be afraid of and I have nothing to hide."[20]

Kitt later became a vocal advocate for LGBT rights and publicly supported same-sex marriage, which she considered a civil right. She had been quoted as saying: "I support it [gay marriage] because we're asking for the same thing. If I have a partner and something happens to me, I want that partner to enjoy the benefits of what we have reaped together. It's a civil-rights thing, isn't it?"[31] Kitt famously appeared at many LGBT fundraisers, including a mega event in Baltimore, Maryland, with George Burns and Jimmy James.[23] Scott Sherman, an agent at Atlantic Entertainment Group, stated: "Eartha Kitt is fantastic... appears at so many LGBT events in support of civil rights." In a 1992 interview with Dr. Anthony Clare, Kitt spoke about her gay following, saying:

We're all rejected people, we know what it is to be refused, we know what it is to be oppressed, depressed, and then, accused, and I am very much cognizant of that feeling. Nothing in the world is more painful than rejection. I am a rejected, oppressed person, and so I understand them, as best as I can, even though I am a heterosexual.[32]

Death

Kitt died from colon cancer on Christmas Day 2008, at her home in Weston, Connecticut.[33][34] Her daughter, Kitt Shapiro, discussed her last days with her mother:

I was with her when she died. She left this world literally screaming at the top of her lungs. I was with her constantly, she lived not even 3 miles from my house, we were together practically every day. She was home for the last few weeks when the doctor told us there was nothing they could do any more. Up until the last two days, she was still moving around. The doctor told us she will leave very quickly and her body will just start to shut down. But when she left, she left the world with a bang, she left it how she lived it. She screamed her way out of here, literally. I truly believe her survival instincts were so part of her DNA that she was not going to go quietly or willingly. It was just the two of us hanging out [during the last days] she was very funny. We didn't have to [talk] because I always knew how she felt about me. I was the love of her life, so the last part of her life we didn't have to have these heart to heart talks. She started to see people that weren't there. She thought I could see them too, but, of course, I couldn't. I would make fun of her like, "I'm going to go in the other room and you stay here and talk to your friends."[35]

Material loss

On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Eartha Kitt among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire.[36]

Awards and nominations

Kitt won awards for her film, television, and stage work. In 1960, the Hollywood Walk of Fame honored her with a star, which can be found on 6656 Hollywood Boulevard.[37]

Discography
Main article: Eartha Kitt discography

Filmography

Film
Year Film Role Notes
1948 Casbah Uncredited Film debut
1949–1951 unknown unknown [38][39] Currently only one of these films is known.
1951 Parigi è sempre Parigi Cabaret Singer,
Herself
1954 New Faces Herself First credited film role, launched mainstream career
1957 The Mark of the Hawk Renee
1958 St. Louis Blues Gogo Germaine
1958 Anna Lucasta Anna Lucasta
1961 Saint of Devil's Island Annette
1965 Uncle Tom's Cabin Singer (uncredited)
Synanon Betty
1971 Up the Chastity Belt Scheherazade
1975 Friday Foster Madame Rena
1979 Butterflies in Heat Lola
1985 The Serpent Warriors Snake Priestess
1987 Master of Dragonard Hill Naomi
Dragonard Naomi
The Pink Chiquitas Betty / The Meteor (voice)
1989 Erik the Viking Freya
1990 Living Doll Mrs. Swartz
1991 Ernest Scared Stupid Old Lady Hackmore
1992 Boomerang Lady Eloise
1993 Fatal Instinct First Trial Judge
1996 Harriet the Spy Agatha K. Plummer
1997 Ill Gotten Gains The Wood (Voice)
1998 I Woke Up Early the Day I Died Cult Leader
The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story Bagheera (voice)
2000 The Emperor's New Groove Yzma (voice)
  • Won: Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement For Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production
  • Nominated: Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress
2002 Anything But Love Herself
2003 Holes Madame Zeroni
2005 Preaching to the Choir Ms. Nettie
Kronk's New Groove Yzma (voice)
2007 And Then Came Love Mona Last motion picture appearance

Television
Year Title Episode Role Notes
1952–1963 The Ed Sullivan Show Herself 15 episodes
1963–1978 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson Herself 8 episodes
1964–1979 The Mike Douglas Show Herself 16 episodes
1965 I Spy "The Loser" Angel
1967 Mission: Impossible "The Traitor" Tina Maria
1967–1968 Batman "The Joke's on Catwoman"
"The Funny Feline Felonies"
"Catwoman's Dressed to Kill"		 Catwoman; 3 episodes
1969 The Dick Cavett Show Herself 1 episode
1972 Lieutenant Schuster's Wife Lady TV movie
1973–1978 The Merv Griffin Show Herself 3 episodes
1974 The Protectors "A Pocketful of Posies" Carrie Blaine
1978 Police Woman "Tigress" Amelia
To Kill a Cop Paula TV movie
1983 A Night on the Town TV movie
1985 Miami Vice "Whatever Works" Santería Priestess Chata
1989 After Dark "Rock Bottom?" Herself Extended appearance on discussion programme, together with Simon Napier-Bell and Pat Kane among others
1993 Jack's Place "The Seventh Meal" Isabel Lang
Matrix "Moths to a Flame" Sister Rowena
1994 Space Ghost Coast to Coast Batmantis Herself
1995 The Magic School Bus "Going Batty" Mrs. Franklin (voice)
New York Undercover "Student Affairs" Mrs. Stubbs
Living Single "He Works Hard for the Money" Jacqueline Richards * Nominated: NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
1996 The Nanny "A Pup in Paris" Herself
1997 The Chris Rock Show Herself 1 episode
1997–2000 The Rosie O'Donnell Show Herself 2 episodes
1998 The Wild Thornberrys "Flood Warning" Lioness #1 (voice)
1999 The Famous Jett Jackson "Field of Dweebs" Albertine Whethers
2000 Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child "The Snow Queen" The Snow Queen (voice)
Welcome to New York "The Car"
"Jim Gets a Car"		 June
2001 The Feast of All Saints Lola Dede TV movie
Santa, Baby! Emerald (voice) TV movie
2003 Hollywood Squares Herself 5 episodes
2005 Escape from Cluster Prime Vexus (voice) TV movie
My Life as a Teenage Robot 7 episodes Queen Vexus (voice)
Larry King Live Herself 2 episodes
2006–2008 The Emperor's New School 36 episodes Yzma (voice) * Won: Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Television Production (2007–2008)
  • Won: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer In An Animated Program (2007–2008)
2007 American Dad! "Dope and Faith" Fortune Teller (voice)
2009 Wonder Pets! "Save the Cool Cat and the Hip Hippo/Tuck and Buck" Cool Cat (voice)
  • Won: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer In An Animated Program
2010 The Simpsons "Once Upon a Time in Springfield" Herself (voice) Aired posthumously

Documentary
Year Film Role
1982 All by Myself: The Eartha Kitt Story (Documentary) Herself
1995 Unzipped (Documentary) Herself
2002 The Making and Meaning of We Are Family (Documentary) Herself
The Sweatbox (Documentary) Herself

Stage work
Year Title Location Role Notes
1945 Blue Holiday Broadway Performer as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; a short-lived production at the Belasco Theatre[40]
Carib Song Broadway Company as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; performed at the Adelphi Theatre as an Original Broadway production[40]
1946 Bal Nègre Broadway, and Europe Performer as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; widely acclaimed Concert at the Belasco Theatre[40]
unknown Mexico Performer performed successfully as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe which was under contract with Teatro Americano for more than two months at the request of Doris Duke[40]
1948 Caribbean Rhapsody West End, and Paris Chorus girl as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; performed at the Prince of Wales Theatre (West End) and Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (Paris)[38][40]
1949-50 unknown Paris Herself,
Performer		 first solo show / leading performance; performed at Carroll's Niterie; is where Orson Welles discovered her[38][41][42]
1950 Time Runs Paris[7] Helen of Troy In segment based on Faust; performed "Hungry Little Trouble" written by Duke Ellington; cast by Orson Welles[38]
An Evening With Orson Welles Frankfurt[43]
1951 Dr. Faustus Paris with Orson Welles
1952 New Faces of 1952 Broadway Polynesian girl,
Featured dancer,
Featured singer
1954 Mrs. Patterson Broadway Theodora (Teddy) Hicks Original Broadway production
1957 Shinbone Alley Broadway Mehitabel Original Broadway production
1959 Jolly's Progress Broadway Jolly Rivers
1965 The Owl and the Pussycat U.S. National tour Performer
1967 Peg Regional (US)
1970 The High Bid London Performer
1972 Bunny London Performer
1974 Bread and Beans and Things Aquarius Theater[44] Performer
1976 A Musical Jubilee U.S. National tour Performer
1978 Timbuktu! Broadway Shaleem-La-Lume
1980 Cowboy and the Legend Regional (US) Performer
1982 New Faces of 1952 (Revival) Off-off-Broadway Polynesian girl
Featured dancer
Featured singer
1985 Blues in the Night U.S. National tour Performer
1987 Follies (London Revival) London Carlotta Campion Replacement for Dolores Gray
1989 Aladdin Palace Theatre, Manchester Performer
1989 Eartha Kitt in Concert London Performer
1994 Yes Edinburgh Performer
1995 Sam's Song Unitarian Church of All Souls Performer Benefit concert
1996 Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Chicago Performer
1998 The Wizard of Oz (return engagement) off-Broadway U.S. National tour The Wicked Witch
2000 The Wild Party Broadway Delores Original Broadway production
Cinderella Madison Square Garden, and U.S. National tour Fairy Godmother
2003 Nine Broadway Liliane La Fleur Replacement for Chita Rivera
2004 Cinderella (New York City Opera revival) David H. Koch Theater Fairy Godmother
2006 Mimi le Duck Off-off-Broadway Madame Vallet
2007 All About Us Westport Country Playhouse Performer

Video games
Year Title Role Notes
2000 The Emperor's New Groove Yzma voice role
gollark: Neat.
gollark: Or "jiffy".
gollark: It's obviously "gife".
gollark: Did you know that the S in IOT stands for security?
gollark: I eagerly* await BlackDragon™ IOT devices.

References
  1. "Mother Eartha" Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Philadelphia City Paper. January 17–24, 2002. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  2. Messer, Kate X. (July 21, 2006). "Just An Old Fashioned Cat". The Austin Chronicle.
  3. Kitt, Eartha (1990). I'm Still Here. London: Pan. ISBN 0-330-31439-4. OCLC 24719847.
  4. "Obituary: Eartha Kitt" by Adrian Jack, The Guardian, 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  5. Eartha Kitt: My Family (interview) on YouTube
  6. "Eartha Kitt, Chanteuse, Cherokee, and a seducer of audiences, Walked On at 81". Indian Country News. February 26, 2009.
  7. "Eartha Kitt: Singer who rose from poverty to captivate audiences around the world with her purring voice". The Telegraph. December 26, 2008. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  8. Weil, Martin (December 26, 2008). "Bewitching Entertainer Eartha Kitt, 81". The Washington Post. p. B05.
  9. Williams, John L. (2013). America's Mistress : The Life and Times of Eartha Kitt. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-0-85738-575-8. OCLC 792747512.
  10. Adam Luck, "Eartha Kitt's life was scarred by failure to learn the identity of her white father, says daughter", The Observer, October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  11. "Singer, Broadway Star Eartha Kitt Dies". Billboard. Associated Press. December 25, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  12. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/26/arts/26kitt.html
  13. Hall, Phil (January 4, 2001). "New Faces". Film Threat.
  14. Wayne, George (June 2001). "Back to Eartha". Vanity Fair. p. 160.
  15. "Eartha Kitt". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  16. The black actress who made Lady Bird Johnson cry; The truth hurts, March 13, 2017, timeline.com
  17. Amorosi, A. D. (February 27, 1997). "Eartha Kitt". Philadelphia City Paper. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009.
  18. James, Frank (December 26, 2008). "Eartha Kitt versus the LBJs". The Swamp. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009.
  19. Hoerburger, Rob (December 25, 2008). "Eartha Kitt, a Seducer of Audiences, Dies at 81". The New York Times.
  20. "CIA gave Secret Service a Report containing Gossip about Eartha Kitt after a White House Incident" by Seymour Hersh, The New York Times, January 3, 1975
  21. "Where Is My Man". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on July 11, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  22. Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco 1974–2003. Record Research Inc.
  23. Scott Duncan, "George Burns, Eartha Kitt are delightful at 'Lifesongs 1990'", The Baltimore Sun, September 17, 1990.
  24. Hoerburger, Rob (December 25, 2008). "Eartha Kitt Obituary". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  25. "Eartha Kitt to Be Married". The New York Times. May 12, 1960. p. 40. (subscription required)
  26. "Kitt McDonald is Wed to Charles L. Shapiro". The New York Times. June 14, 1987.
  27. Johnson, Robert E. (June 14, 1973). "Eartha Kitt Observes Seventh Year With Black Ghetto School". Jet 44: 56.
  28. Hearings, 90th Cong., 1st Sess. 558 (1967). pp. 559–60.
  29. Kitt, Eartha (1976). Alone With Me. H. Regnery Co. p. 239. ISBN 9780809283514.
  30. Blackwell, Joyce (2004). No Peace Without Freedom: Race and the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809325641.
  31. "Eartha Kitt, actress and gay rights ally, dies at age 81". PageOneQ. December 28, 2008. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009.
  32. Eartha Kitt sings Swedish and talks about her gay-fans on YouTube
  33. "Singer-actress Eartha Kitt dies at 81". MSNBC. December 26, 2008.
  34. Wilson, Christopher (December 26, 2008). "Seductive singer Eartha Kitt dies at 81". Reuters.
  35. Kitt Shapiro daughter Eartha Kitt offers Business Advice. Archived 2015-06-22 at the Wayback Machine Mommynoise.com. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  36. Rosen, Jody (June 25, 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  37. "Eartha Kitt tickets competition". The Telegraph. January 24, 2008.
  38. Anon. (1955). That Bad Eartha 10" Long Play (United Kingdom Version) (sleeve note). Eartha Kitt. His Master's Voice.
  39. Pear, Nancy (1993). "Contemporary Musicians". 2004 Gale, a part of Cengage Learning & HighBeam Research. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  40. "Selections from the Katherine Dunham Collection". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  41. Anon. (1955). Down to Eartha (United Kingdom Version) (sleeve note). Eartha Kitt. His Master's Voice.
  42. Baker, Rob (October 16, 2014). "Eartha Kitt and Orson Welles in Paris in 1950". Alum Media Ltd. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  43. Fanning, Win (August 13, 1950). "Eartha Kitt wins raves in Welles' show at Frankfurt". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  44. "Bread and Beans and Things Starring Eartha Kitt at Aquarius". Los Angeles Sentinel. July 11, 1974. p. B-9. ProQuest 565142254.; Sullivan, Dan (July 18, 1974). "Bread and Beans in a New League". Stage Review. Los Angeles Times. p. IV: 1, 15. ProQuest 157629458.

Further reading

Video / audio footage
Batman role
Preceded by
Julie Newmar		 Catwoman actress
1967–1968		 Succeeded by
Michelle Pfeiffer
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