Drassodes

Drassodes is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851.[5] They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally 3.8 to 11.6 millimetres (0.15 to 0.46 in) long,[6] but can reach up to 20 millimetres (0.79 in) in length.

Drassodes
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
D. pubescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Gnaphosidae
Genus: Drassodes
Westring, 1851[1]
Type species
D. lapidosus
(Walckenaer, 1802)
Species

162, see text

Synonyms[1]

Species

As of May 2019 it contains 162 species:[1]

  • D. adisensis Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
  • D. affinis (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • D. afghanus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. albicans (Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean
  • D. andamanensis Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
  • D. andorranus Denis, 1938 – Andorra
  • D. angulus Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA
  • D. arapensis Strand, 1908 – Peru
  • D. archibensis Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
  • D. assimilatus (Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is.
  • D. astrologus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
  • D. auriculoides Barrows, 1919 – USA
  • D. auritus Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China
  • D. bechuanicus Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
  • D. bendamiranus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. bicurvatus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. bifidus Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey
  • D. brachythelis (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
  • D. braendegaardi Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
  • D. caffrerianus Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. calceatus Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. cambridgei Roewer, 1951 – India
  • D. canaglensis Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy
  • D. carinivulvus Caporiacco, 1934 – India
  • D. caspius Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan
  • D. cerinus Simon, 1897 – India
  • D. charcoviae (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
  • D. charitonovi Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
  • D. chybyndensis Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran
  • D. clavifemur (Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
  • D. crassipalpus (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
  • D. cupa Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
  • D. cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • D. dagestanus Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
  • D. daliensis Yang & Song, 2003 – China
  • D. delicatus (Blackwall, 1867) – India
  • D. deoprayagensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
  • D. depilosus Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
  • D. deserticola Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
  • D. difficilis (Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey?
  • D. dispulsoides Schenkel, 1963 – China
  • D. distinctus (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
  • D. dregei Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. drydeni Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
  • D. ellenae (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines
  • D. ereptor Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. falciger Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast
  • D. fedtschenkoi (Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
  • D. fugax (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China
  • D. gangeticus Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
  • D. gia Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain
  • D. gilvus Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • D. gooldi Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. gosiutus Chamberlin, 1919 – USA, Canada
  • D. gujaratensis Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
  • D. hamiger (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
  • D. hebei Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
  • D. helenae Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. heterophthalmus Simon, 1905 – India
  • D. himalayensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
  • D. ignobilis Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
  • D. imbecillus (L. Koch, 1875) – Ethiopia
  • D. inermis (Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France
  • D. infletus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
  • D. insidiator Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
  • D. insignis (Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil
  • D. interemptor (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
  • D. interlisus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
  • D. interpolator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand)
  • D. involutus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
  • D. jakkabagensis Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
  • D. jiufeng Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China
  • D. kaszabi Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
  • D. katunensis Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
  • D. kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • D. krausi (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
  • D. kwantungensis Saito, 1937 – China
  • D. lacertosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria
  • D. lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
    • Drassodes l. bidens (Simon, 1878) – France
  • D. lapsus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
  • D. licenti Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
  • D. lindbergi Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. lividus Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
  • D. longispinus Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea
  • D. lophognathus Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. luridus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
  • D. luteomicans (Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe
  • D. lutescens (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan
  • D. lyratus Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. lyriger Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia
  • D. macilentus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
  • D. malagassicus (Butler, 1880) – Madagascar
  • D. mandibularis (L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe)
  • D. manducator (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
  • D. masculus Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
  • D. mauritanicus Denis, 1945 – North Africa
  • D. meghalayaensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
  • D. mirus Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America
  • D. montenegrinus (Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia
  • D. monticola (Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
  • D. nagqu Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
  • D. narayanpurensis Gajbe, 2005 – India
  • D. natali Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • D. neglectus (Keyserling, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America
  • D. nox Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
  • D. nugatorius (Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
  • D. obscurus (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
  • D. parauritus Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
  • D. paroculus Simon, 1893 – Spain
  • D. parvidens Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
  • D. pashanensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
  • D. pectinifer Schenkel, 1936 – China
  • D. phagduaensis Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
  • D. placidulus Simon, 1914 – France
  • D. platnicki Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China
  • D. prosthesimiformis Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
  • D. pseudolesserti Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
  • D. pubescens (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
  • D. robatus Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. rostratus Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • D. rubicundulus Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
  • D. rubidus (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia)
  • D. rugichelis Denis, 1962 – Madeira
  • D. russulus (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java)
  • D. saccatus (Emerton, 1890) – North America
  • D. saganus Strand, 1918 – Japan
  • D. sagarensis Tikader, 1982 – India
  • D. saitoi Schenkel, 1963 – China
  • D. serratichelis (Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA
  • D. serratidens Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
  • D. sesquidentatus Purcell, 1908 – South Africa
  • D. shawanensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
  • D. similis Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
  • D. simplex Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka)
  • D. simplicivulvus Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
  • D. singulariformis Roewer, 1951 – India
  • D. sirmourensis (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China
  • D. sitae Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
  • D. sockniensis (Karsch, 1881) – Libya
  • D. solitarius Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. soussensis Denis, 1956 – Morocco
  • D. splendens Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
  • D. stationis Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
  • D. sternatus Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
  • D. striatus (L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine
  • D. subviduatus Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
  • D. taehadongensis Paik, 1995 – Korea
  • D. tarrhunensis (Karsch, 1881) – Libya
  • D. termezius Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
  • D. tesselatus Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
  • D. thaleri Hervé, 2009 – France
  • D. thimei (L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
  • D. tikaderi (Gajbe, 1987) – India
  • D. tiritschensis Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
  • D. tortuosus Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
  • D. unicolor (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel
  • D. uritai Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China
  • D. venustus (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
  • D. villosus (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • D. viveki (Gajbe, 1992) – India
  • D. vorax Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia

References

  1. "Gen. Drassodes Westring, 1851". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
  2. Ubick, D.; Roth, V. D. (1973). "Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states". American Arachnology. 9: 1.
  3. Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire. p. 54.
  4. Chatzaki, M.; Thaler, K.; Mylonas, M. (2002). "Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. II". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 109: 618.
  5. Westring, N. (1851). "Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 2: 25–62.
  6. "Genus Drassodes". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-06-04.


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