Lespedeza

Lespedeza is a genus of some 40 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.

Lespedeza
Inflorescence and foliage of L. thunbergii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Desmodieae
Subtribe:
Lespedezinae
Genus:
Lespedeza

Michx.
Species

about 40, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Despeleza Nieuwl.

These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae), with the peas and beans, though they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe Lespedezinae, which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia.

Name of the plant

According to American botanist Asa Gray (1810 – 1888), the Lespedeza owes its name to governor of East Florida Vicente Manuel de Céspedes (1784-1790; who, through a letter, allowed botanist André Michaux to explore East Florida in search of new species of plants, where Michaux found Lespedeza[2]), but when Céspedes wrote the letter, at the beginning of it, the name of Céspedes was changed to "Zespedez". So, when Michaux's book Flora Boreali-Americana of 1802 was printed, the name "Céspedes" to refer to the plant was written as "Lespedez", the word from which the current name of the plant was derived.[3][2]

Despeleza is a synonym of Lespedeza, and this name is derived from a taxonomic anagram.[4]

Cultivation and uses

Some species are grown as garden or ornamental plants, and are used as a forage crops, notably in the southern United States, and as a means of soil enrichment and for prevention of erosion. In some areas, certain species are invasive. Lespedeza, like other legumes, have root nodules that harbor bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation from the air into a soil-bound form that can be taken up by other plants. Growers can take advantage of this process by putting the plants in their fields to release nitrogen, so they can use less fertilizer.

L. bicolor leaves and roots contain l-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (lespedamin), as well as related Nω,Nω-DMTs and their oxides, as well as some bufotenin.[5]

Species
Lespedeza capitata inflorescences and leaves
Lespedeza cuneata habitus
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya flowering branch
Lespedeza maximowiczii

The species and nothospecies recognized in Lespedeza include:[6]

  • Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott
  • Lespedeza × angustifolioides T.B.Lee
  • Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (syn. L. bicolor var. japonica Nakai) – shrub lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza buergeri Miq.
  • Lespedeza capitata Michx. (syn. L. frutescens Elliott, L. stuevei DC.)
  • Lespedeza caraganae Bunge
  • Lespedeza chinensis G.Don
  • Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don (syn Lespedeza Sericea)
  • Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. – leafy lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza cyrtobuergeri Akiyama & H.Ohba
  • Lespedeza davidii Franch.
  • Lespedeza davurica (Laxm.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza × divaricata (Nakai) T.B.Lee
  • Lespedeza dunnii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza elegans Cambess.
  • Lespedeza elliptica Benth.
  • Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franch.
  • Lespedeza floribunda Bunge (syn. L. bicolor Prain)
  • Lespedeza fordii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza forrestii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza gerardiana Maxim.
  • Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
    • Lespedeza hirta ssp. curtissii Clewell (syn. L. hirta Elliott)
  • Lespedeza homoloba Nakai
  • Lespedeza inschanica (Maxim.) Schindl. – greenish juncea lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza intermedia (S.Watson) Britton (syn. L. frutescens (L.) Britton, L. frutescens var. acutifructa Farw.)
  • Lespedeza intermixta Makino (possibly a hybrid) – neonchul lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza japonica L.H.Bailey
  • Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers. – juncea lespedeza[7]
    • Lespedeza juncea var. sericea (Thunb.) Lace & Hauech (syn. L. cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don)
  • Lespedeza junghuhniana Bakh.f.
  • Lespedeza kagoshimensis Hatus.
  • Lespedeza leptostachya A.Gray
  • Lespedeza maximowiczii R.C.Schneid. – Korean lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza melanantha Nakai – black-flower lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza mucronata Ricker
  • Lespedeza × patentibicolor T.B.Lee
  • Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. – pilose lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza potaninii Vassilcz.
  • Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
  • Lespedeza pubescens Hayata
  • Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C.Barton
  • Lespedeza × simulata Mack. & Bush
  • Lespedeza speciosa Maxim.
  • Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
  • Lespedeza texana Britton
  • Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai (syn. L. elliptica Maxim., L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne, L. formosa ssp. elliptica (Maxim.) Akiyama & H.Ohba)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii var. var. thunbergii (DC.)Nakai (syn. L. patens Nakai, L. patens var. obtusifolia Nakai)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii var. velutina (Nakai) H.Ohashi (syn. L. intermedia Nakai, L. intermedia var. angustifolia Nakai)
  • Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Maxim. (syn. L. hirta Miq.) – woolly lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
  • Lespedeza virgata (Murray) DC. – Wando lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (syn. L. angustifolia Darl.)
  • Lespedeza wilfordii Ricker

The identity and specific validity of L. schindleri is unclear.[8] In addition, there are some species formerly in this genus that are now placed elsewhere, typically in the Lespedezinae, for example, in genus Campylotropis. These include:[9]

  • Lespedeza speciosa Schindl. = Campylotropis speciosa (Schindl.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. = Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza tomentosa Maxim. = Campylotropis pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl.

Footnotes
  1. "genus Lespedeza". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  2. Lespedeza – From Asia with a Spanish Twist!.
  3. S. Fralish, James; B. Franklin, Scott (February 2002). Taxonomy and Ecology of Woody Plants in North American Forests: Excluding. Page 568.
  4. Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A13. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5.
  5. Morimoto & Oshio (1965), Morimoto & Matsumoto (1966)
  6. ILDIS (2005), and see Wikispecies (26 August 2009) for nothospecies
  7. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. pp. 514–516. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  8. ILDIS (2005) contra Wikispecies (26 August 2009)
  9. ILDIS (2005)
gollark: You can't really accuse someone of being an AI because of poor grammar.
gollark: Language models can generally manage basically-perfect grammar/syntax nowadays, but just fail at maintaining meaning.
gollark: It would?
gollark: It could just not be. In basically every other case the enzymes involved just magically evolve to work in whatever environment they're in.
gollark: Presumably it wasn't very useful for whatever niche humans evolved to be in, or our ancestors'.

References

Data related to Lespedeza at Wikispecies

  • International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Lespedeza. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2011-FEB-18.
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Matsumoto, Norichika (1966). Über Alkaloide, VI. Inhaltsstoffe Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, II. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica II."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19666920122
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Oshio, Haruji (1965). Über Alkaloide, V. Inhaltsstoffe von Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, I. Über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica I. On Lespedamin, a novel alkaloid."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19656820121
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