Daewoo Espero
The Daewoo Espero (also known as Daewoo Aranos in some Spanish-speaking countries) is a four-door, five-seater mid-sized notchback saloon produced by the South Korean company Daewoo Motors from September 1990 to 1997. It was technically based on the GM J platform. The body was designed by Bertone. Daewoo also said that the Espero's design was their own work. It was done in a consultation with Italian design master Bertone. The car was equipped with a Holden-built GM Family 1 1.5 L 90 hp (67 kW; 91 PS) engine, or the 1.8 95 hp (71 kW; 96 PS) or 2.0 L 108.5 hp (81 kW; 110 PS) Family II engine. The Espero was replaced by the Daewoo Leganza in 1997.
| Daewoo Espero | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Daewoo |
| Also called | Daewoo Aranos |
| Production | 1990–1997 (Korea) 1996-2000 (Poland) 1995-1999 (Romania) 1995-1997 (UK, The Netherlands, Spain, Australia) 1994-1998 (Brazil) |
| Assembly | Bupyeong, South Korea (Daewoo Motor Corporation) Bam, Kerman, Iran (KMC; Kerman Motor Co) Warsaw, Poland (FSO)[1] Craiova, Romania (Rodae)[2] |
| Designer | Bertone |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car (D) |
| Body style | 4-door notchback saloon |
| Layout | FF layout |
| Platform | GM J |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 4-speed Aisin 50-42LE automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,620 mm (103.1 in) |
| Length | 4,615 mm (181.7 in) |
| Width | 1,718 mm (67.6 in) |
| Height | 1,388 mm (54.6 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,108 kg (2,443 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Daewoo Leganza |
The Espero was renamed Aranos in some but not all Spanish-speaking countries (not in Argentina and Chile for instance), since the word Espero means "I hope" in Spanish. Such a name was deemed less than marketable.
Development
The development was actually started from the Citroën XM and Xantia in 1989, as Citroën were looking to make a middle class car. Many project designs were created, exterior as well as interior. Initially, the projects that are in the picture were to be won and this was what the Xantia was supposed to look like (because this was the model the projects were intended for). Ultimately, however, these two projects did not pass because Citroën said that they were too associated with their large family car - the Citroën XM. Daewoo, however, liked the project very much and bought it from the French (specifically the blue design). This project had been minimally modernized by Daewoo by the time the Espero debuted on the Korean market in August 1990.[3] The Espero achieved very good results in the wind tunnel, at 0.29 Cd.[3]
Prototype
There was also a prototype that looked very similar to the Espero. This prototype is called DEV 2 (DEV meaning Daewoo Electric Vehicle) and was presented in 1995 at the Korea Motor Show in Seoul together with the Daewoo Bucrane concept, Tico concept, Nexia, Arcadia and the NGV3 concept. It was basically a version of the Espero but made out of recyclable materials which did not impact the environment. The DEV 2 had a redesigned front. This prototype was shown only in South Korea and only once at these fairs. It was painted white pearl and had 'DEV' badges in blue at the rear doors, its interior was white and the rims where a three spoke design and white as well.
Under the hood it was powered by an electric motor which was a water-cooled AC induction motor (86 kW) with performance figures with 0–100 km (0-60 mph) acceleration of 13 seconds. Top speed was around 85 mph. 22 new lead acid batteries were laid on the floor of the body, and one charge distance of 80 km (49.7 miles) was carried out.[4][5]
It was said that the perfection was high but the performance and the range as an electric car was low.
Other Dimensions
| Trunk Capacity | 560 litres |
| Fuel Tank Capacity | 50 litres |
| Climbing Angle | 29.5° |
The Asian Market
Korea
In Korea, the Espero made its debut in August 1990. The styling was very different from the European Espero's, including no badge at the front but at the rear and on the steering wheel; the badge was black and had white three waves and white writing 'ESPERO' underneath it. The first version had different rear lights which the brake and indicator lights extended to the boot lid (though there were no illuminating lights at the boot lid) and differently styled hubcaps.
In the pre-facelift, the range consisted of two models, named '1.5 DOHC' (being the base model) which had standard hubcaps and then the '2.0 DOHC' which had different styled hubcaps. The '2.0 DOHC' also had a version with package, being the top of the range model.
In the cabin of the Korean Espero, a different steering wheel and an electronic dash was available with orange letters and accents. The steering wheel was slightly different from the three-spoke wheels in Europe, and more like the steering wheel from an Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier MK3 except that the badge was different (again, the black emblem). No airbag was available. The front door cards were different: rather than the wrap-around design in European models, the vents were more square like and the grab handle was more ergonomic rather than just a pocket design. The centre console was flat and more angular.
In 1993, a facelift of the Espero was made. This included redesigned hubcaps (base model), a black badge saying 'ESPERO' at the rear, the rear lights were redesigned and now the black badge was put at the front. The boot opening was redesigned with a swivel badge over the keyhole to open the boot. This also meant the trim levels were revised, the base model being the 1.5 MPFi and the 2.0 MPFi (or with the package).
In 1994, a second facelift was made with the front logo changed from the black badge to a separated oval, with the same on the steering wheel). A new model was introduced, the 1.8 MPFi (which had alloy wheels and a 1.8 engine).[6]
Production terminated in 1997.
The European market
European imports began in January 1995 when it was one of two cars (the other being the Nexia) in the first European Daewoo range.
While the Nexia is based on the Astra Mk2 or Kadett E (GM's T-Type Platform), the Espero is based on the Cavalier Mk2 or Ascona C (GM's J-Type Platform). It sold well, thanks to its competitive asking price, notchback roofline with a steeply raked rear window, spacious interior, luggage compartment, impressive equipment levels and the comprehensive aftersales package.
Despite the fact the Espero also featured couple of drawbacks as outdated interior design backing to the 80's, mediocre fuel economy and its body fairly prone to corrosion it still maintained popularity among price-conscious drivers.
The Espero was launched just months before the Vauxhall Cavalier (Opel Vectra A) was discontinued and the Vauxhall Vectra (Opel Vectra B), the Cavalier's replacement, was introduced.
In all European markets, there was option stickers at the back of the window in white writing ('ABS' for example).
United Kingdom
When Daewoo arrived in the UK at the beginning of 1995, Daewoo was aiming the Espero to the Cavalier and Mondeo market[9], plus providing good promotions and offers in the package. This included a 3 year/60,000 mile warranty (this could be extended to a 5 year/100,000 mile warranty for an extra £350), a six year anti-corrosion warranty, 3 years free servicing, maintenance and AA membership (which looked after breakdowns or accidents). Every replacement of parts were free, except for tires. If the car broke down, needed servicing or was in an accident, they would bring a courtesy car. Once the vehicle was fixed, they gave the vehicle back and collected the courtesy car (this was in the AA membership). Plus, there was free delivery number plates, one-year free road tax and a full tank of petrol. There was also a free 'N' plate replacement for a free upgrade for the first 1,000 customers who bought a new Daewoo; it would then be replaced in August 1995.[10] Daewoo also provided fixed prices (no haggling) and they claimed this was the best way of selling a car.
From 23 December 1996, another promotion was added, three years' free insurance.[11]
Pricing
These were the listed prices in the UK:
GLXi - £10,695
CDi - £11,995 (Not certain)
CDXi - £12,250
With all the options selected, Daewoo claimed these prices were up to 40% less than its competitors.[12]
However, on 29 March 1996, Daewoo announced these prices were risen to the following (although the price of the 1.8 CDi remained the same) from 1 April 1996[13]:
GLXi: £11,495
CDi: £11,995
CDXi: £12,995
Then, on 10 October 1996, Daewoo announced that the day after, they will extend the range of all their models with and without air-conditioning, so with the Espero GLXi, these were the following prices (* = without air-conditioning)[14]:
GLXi*: £10,995
GLXi: £11,495
CDi: £11,995
CDXi: £12,995
On 6 December 1996, Daewoo announced that from 9 December 1996 they will raise the prices of their range reflecting changes made to the vehicles for 1997 model year (Espero prices)[15]:
GLXi: £11,735
CDi: £12,375
CDXi: £13,735
The Range, Reviewing and Production Halt
In the UK, the range consisted of three trim levels. The base model was the GLXi that had a 1.5 DOHC engine, GLXi emblems at the body wings and (some) boot, hubcaps, electric windows, ABS, power steering, drivers airbag, sunroof and radio/cassette. Air-conditioning was a free option (before, air-conditioning was an £880 option)[16] so was automatic transmission from May 1996 onwards. Then, there was the CDi model which got a 1.8-litre SOHC engine for a step up, CDi emblems at the body wings and (some) '1.8 CDi' emblem at the boot though air-conditioning was standard. Alloy wheels were optional for the CDi model. Finally, there was the CDXi which had a 2.0-litre SOHC engine, CDXi emblems at the body wings, (some) '2.0 CDXi' emblem at the boot lid, alloy wheels and a CD player as well. From May 1996, a six-disc CD autochanger was standard on the 2.0 CDXi.[16][17] All models got the same four-spoke steering wheel.
The Espero was also given an 'AUTOMATIC' badge at the boot lid for those which had an automatic transmission or (sometimes) a 'TWIN CAM 8v' badge on the 1.5 GLXi models. The dealer plates had the writing 'DAEWOO' in a black background with the phone number, a black line going through either side with the number plate ID under the number plate. In the UK, the Espero was not sold with a third brake light, a spoiler with a third brake light nor the three-spoke steering wheel.
When AA (Automobile Association) tested the Espero CDi in October 1995, they rated it high because of its aftersales package and equipment it provided but criticised because of its electrical issues and lacking some safety features. In conclusion, they claimed that it was like 'cash-and-carry groceries or 'flat-pack-furniture from a warehouse store' which meant it did the job as a decent family car but this lied to the fact that it was new at the time yet it was generously priced and equipped than anything else at the price.[18]
Plus, AA (Automobile Association) later did an extension test in a revamped Espero 1.8 CDi in July 1996 to see their experience with it. They had a few niggles with it but as time moved on it had less problems. Overall, they claimed that ride and fuel economy is reasonable.[19] In the 1996 revamp (although pre-facelifts were sold at the time), this included four-shot washer jets rather than two shot ones, door mirrors fold flush with body flanks, indicator fenders revised, rear light housings in boot less vulnerable, gear lever surround modified and a better RDS radio.
People were not sure what was the replacement for the Espero (though it was claimed to be the Leganza), but a new Daewoo range was added in September 1997 (Lanos, Nubira, Leganza) and in 1998 the Matiz. Despite this, the Espero was sold until December 1997 (late R reg examples).[20]
Rarity
One of the main reasons the Espero became so rare was because of an ABS control module which was not only difficult to replace but also very expensive when it was faulty. This led to many MOT failures so many owners got rid of their Esperos. Plus, there were many electrical problems (central locking, wiper, radio, light faults). Also, their resale value was very low so it depreciated rapidly as soon as their warranties ran out so these are considered worth little value.[21] Spare parts were also quite difficult to find as they did not sell well in the first place and the fact that because the Korean economy was affected, so Daewoo could not provide much spare parts.
Poland
In Poland, there were only two models, GLX and CD. The base model 'GLX' came with a 1.5 litre DOHC engine, a three-spoke steering wheel, electric windows, hubcaps, (some) a third brake light and a 'DOHC 16V' badge at the back (for colour reasons, the badge is black if the car is white and white if the car is in another colour). No airbags were available for the GLX model. The pricier 'CD' model came with a 1.8 SOHC or a 2.0 SOHC engine, a four-spoke steering wheel with (some) a drivers airbag (though some still had a three-spoke one), and (some) air-conditioning.
The Espero was praised however for its durability and long-term reliability, so taxi drivers often used them.
Production started in 1996. Very shortly there was a facelift at the same year (revised door mirrors and indicator fenders). Poland was the only country that offered the Espero the longest in production which ended in December 1999. In 2000 the last copies could be purchased from the showrooms. No wonder that interest in Espero has fallen, since Nubira was extremely popular in Poland and the Nubira II was announced in 2000.
Reviewing
When Auto Śwait tested the Espero 2.0 CD back in January 1996, they claimed that it was decent to drive, spacious and had an outdated 80's interior design. In their conclusion its far-eastern competitors were doing a better job (Nissan Primera, Mazda 626) and the fact that 'attractive prices and rich furnishings will convince them of the "Korean" - and these are not the worst argument these days.'[22]
The Netherlands
In Netherlands, the market started in 1995 and terminated in 1997. There were two trim levels with three engines. The base model was named 'GLX' with a 1.5 DOHC engine and also what Poland got. Then, there was the second model which was named 'CD' and had either a 1.8 SOHC engine or a 2.0 SOHC engine. The 1.8 litre and the 2.0 litre had hubcaps as standard but some got air-conditioning. Automatic transmission, a spoiler and different types of alloy wheels[23][24] were optional on all models.
Promotions were provided, this included a three-month/3,000 km refund period, three-year/50,000 km maintenance warranty, three-year/100,000 km warranty, three-year paint warranty and a six-year anti-corrosion warranty.
A facelift was introduced in 1996, including revamped door mirrors and indicator fenders. Limited edition models included the 'Executive' which basically was a sumptuous version of the Espero. The badges were located at the body wings, had alloy wheels, it had automatic transmission and had wooden trims inside for a more executive look. This was actually a package rather than a separate model. There was also the 'Colour Design' model which had special type alloy wheels.[25][26]
Depending on the specification, these were the following prices:
| Trim Level | Engine Size (litres) | Fuel Type | Transmission | New Prices |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLX | 1.5 | Petrol | Manual | €14,746 |
| GLX | 1.5 | Petrol | Automatic | €16,288 |
| CD | 1.8 | Petrol | Manual | €15,880 |
| CD | 1.8 | Petrol | Automatic | €17,423 |
| CD | 2.0 | Petrol | Manual | €17,468 |
| CD | 2.0 | Petrol | Automatic | €19,011 |
Spain
The Espero was marketed as 'Aranos' because the word 'Espero' translated to 'I hope'. Production started in 1995. There were two trim levels, 'GLX' and 'CDX'. The GLX was the base model which had a 1.5 DOHC engine with all other extras (power windows, power mirrors, hubcaps, (some) 'DOHC 16V' badge). Then there was the CDX which was available with either a 1.8 or a 2.0 SOHC engine. Other equipment included air-conditioning. A spoiler with a third brake light and different type alloy wheels were optional.
A facelift was introduced in 1996, including revamped door mirrors and indicator fenders.
The South American Market
Brazil
In 1994, the production of the Espero was started. The badging and details were just like the second facelift Espero in Korea (being in 1994). The following models were sold:
- Base Model (Model without a name)
- DLX
- CD
The CD was the top-of-the-range model which included all the necessary extras with some optional options: electric sunroof, 'CD' emblems at body wings, leather seats, Drivers' Air Bag, ABS, CD Player and automatic transmission. All models had the three spoke steering wheel (see Poland section).
In 1995, the Espero was updated which included new badging, the 'knickers' like badge, exterior and interior. However, the rear 'ESPERO' black badge remained. Only one trim level was available (CD) and only one engine was offered throughout production, the 2.0 litre GM Family II engine. Some Espero's had the '2000i' emblem at the back to represent this. Production terminated in 1998.
The Australian Market
Advertising
When Daewoo first came in Australia, they used the slogan in their advert, "The Daewoo Espero. Beware of expensive imitations". They claimed the boot was bigger than the Commodore and the Falcon and they also provided promotions which included a (whichever came first) 3 year/100,000 km warranty. The starting price was from $23,750.[28]
Production
In Australia it was sold from 1995 to 1997 before it was claimed to be replaced by the Leganza. Throughout its production, it was only powered by one engine, the 2.0 litre GM Family II engine. This engine was Australian built and was exported to other countries for assembly. There was also only one trim level, it was called the 'CD'. It was well equipped, this included all-round electric windows and electric mirrors, a five-speed manual gearbox, air-conditioning, power steering, remote trunk release and an AM/FM stereo radio with a CD player. There was also 'ESPERO 2.0i' emblems in white at the side skirts for the rear doors which no other markets have. The only optional items were a four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive and ABS/Airbag (combined safety option). The steering wheel was a three spoke design which was included for other markets (see Poland section) and the automatic transmission lever and writings had a different design as well.
In 1996, there was a facelift which included revamped wing mirrors and indicator fenders.
Social culture
Top Gear 1997
In Top Gear 1997, the Espero was placed 39th out of 120 in an 'N' registration JD power survey. This was due to the fact that it had too much electrical and miscellaneous problems.[29]
Also, Top Gear tested out both Nexia and Espero models to see the experience of how they fared against its rivals. They said the way the Espero drove was 'pretty dull and undynamic' because it had ancient Vauxhall Cavalier mechanicals however reliability was reasonable, the resale value was average and according to the people's experience they were well-warrantied, reliable and a manufacturer who cared more than most.[30]
Design Hints
Some claim that the Espero has some design hints from other cars:
- Front headlights and grille - Ford Sierra (1987-1993)
- Front Bumper/Nose - Citroën XM
- Bonnet - Citroën XM
- Roof and 'wrap-around' rear window lining - Ford Granada Hatchback (1985-1994)
- Four-spoke steering wheel - Mercedes C-Class W202
- Glovebox lid - Opel Ascona C/Mk2 Vauxhall Cavalier (1981-1988)
- Door handles and indicator fenders - Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier (1988-1995)
- Automatic transmission lever and writings - Any 90's Toyota (Excluding Australian Market)
- Front door cards - Opel Astra F/Vauxhall Astra (1991-1997)
- Rear door window partition - Citroën XM
- Tail lights - Nissan 240SX S13
Design Quirks
The Espero had some unusual quirks unlike some of its rivals:
- Door catches at armrest
- Interior 'wrap around' front door card air vents (European Models)
- Twisting badge anti-clockwise and locks in position to get at keyhole for the boot lid (once twisted, the key the badge would revert to normal position) (Not available in pre-facelift for Korea)
References
- "UkrAVTO Corporation. FSO". Ukravto.ua. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- "Daewoo Automobile Romania, 6 ani" (in Romanian). Daewoo.ro. Archived from the original on 6 April 2001. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
- "Daewoo Espero - Citroen z Korei | samochody-seryjne". www.darewnoo.pl. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- "Daewoo DEV-2 - Information". 국산 자동차 이것저것 (Domestic Cars). 13 October 2007.
- "Daewoo News - Concept Cars". Darewnoo. 13 June 1995.
- "Chronologia Daewoo Espero - NOWA WERSJA | filmyn". www.darewnoo.pl. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
- Daewoo Espero 1993 F-14 commercial (korea) 30s+30s, retrieved 3 August 2019
- "Korean Espero Advert - 1994". Darewnoo. 3 August 2019.
- "Daewoo News - Daewoo reveals two cars for Britain". Darewnoo. 8 June 1994.
- "Daewoo News - Free 'N' plate replacement". Darewnoo. 31 August 2019.
- "Daewoo News - Major Addition to Customer Package". 23 December 1996.
- Mx 64 (27 December 2018), Top Gear 1995 - Daewoo's Road Test, retrieved 15 July 2019
- "Daewoo News - Free Options". Darewnoo. 17 June 1996.
- "Daewoo News - Model Range Extended". Darewnoo. 10 October 1996.
- "Daewoo News - Prices Increase". Darewnoo. 6 December 1996.
- "Daewoo News - Free Options". Darewnoo. 17 June 1996.
- "Daewoo News - Corrections". Darewnoo. 9 June 1996.
- Daewoo Espero 1.8 CDi road test AA - https://www.theaa.com/staticdocs/pdf/carreports/AA_REPORTS/DAEWOO_ESPERO_1.8CDI_SALOON_R9509.PDF
- Daewoo Espero 1.8 CDi July 1996 revamped extension test - https://www.theaa.com/staticdocs/pdf/carreports/AA_REPORTS/DAEWOO_ESPERO_1.8CDI_R9652A.PDF
- "Daewoo News - 3 New Models from Daewoo". Darewnoo. 7 August 1997.
- "Daewoo Espero (1995)". Honest John. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- "Daewoo Espero 2.0 CD - koreańska Ascona". www.auto-swiat.pl (in Polish). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- "Daewoo Espero Colour Design". Darewnoo. 8 September 2019.
- "Daewoo Espero CD". Darewnoo. 8 September 2019.
- "Daewoo Espero Executive Advertisement - The Netherlands". Darewnoo. 13 September 2015.
- "Daewoo Special Editions Brochure 1996". VEIKL. 1996.
- "Daewoo Espero Specifications and prices - Netherlands". Auto Week. 16 August 2019.
- Official channel http://www.darewnoo.pl (site about Daewoo and Daewoo mods) (8 September 2014), ☾ENG☽ 103 TV adverts with Daewoo from Europe, Australia and the USA! (1994-02), retrieved 17 July 2019
- "Top Gear 'N' reg survey". Youtube. 24 April 2009.
- TopGear, Daewoo, 1997, retrieved 10 August 2019
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