Curcuma

Curcuma is a genus of about 100 accepted species in the family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia. Some species are reportedly naturalised in other warm parts of the world such as tropical Africa, Central America, Florida, and various islands of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Curcuma
Curcuma zedoaria
1896 illustration[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Zingiberoideae
Tribe: Zingibereae
Genus: Curcuma
L.
Synonyms[2]
  • Kua Rheede ex Medic.
  • Erndlia Giseke
  • Stissera Giseke 1792, illegitimate homonym not Heist. ex Fabr. 1759
  • Hitcheniopsis (Baker) Ridl.
  • Paracautleya R.M.Sm.
Curcuma euchroma
Curcuma inodora
A. Bernecker: Curcuma longa

The name comes from the Sanskrit kuṅkuma, referring to turmeric. Turmeric has been used in India since ancient times as a substitute for saffron and other yellowish pigments.[8] Since assembly of the genus Curcuma by Linnaeus in 1753, about 130 species have been described so far. Some of the species descriptions are without Latin diagnosis or type specimen, therefore the legitimacy of many species is unclear. An overview about the taxonomical classification along with citation of the most relevant literature of Curcuma species can be found at Wikispecies .

Species
  • Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
  • Curcuma albicoma S.Q.Tong
  • Curcuma albiflora Thwaites
  • Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. : Siam tulip
  • Curcuma amada Roxb. : mango-ginger
  • Curcuma amarissima Roscoe
  • Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.
  • Curcuma aromatica Salisb. : wild turmeric
  • Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker
  • Curcuma aurantiaca van Zijp
  • Curcuma australasica Hook.f.
  • Curcuma bakeriana Hemsl. nomen illegit.
  • Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen
  • Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Smith) Skornickova & M.Sabu
  • Curcuma burttii K.Larsen & R.M.Smith
  • Curcuma caesia Roxb. : black turmeric
  • Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum.
  • Curcuma chuanezhu Z.Y.Zhu nomen illegit.
  • Curcuma chuanhuangjiang Z.Y.Zhu nomen illegit.
  • Curcuma chuanyujin C.K.Hsieh & H.Zhang
  • Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep.
  • Curcuma codonantha Skornickova
  • Curcuma coerulea K.Schum.
  • Curcuma colorata Valeton
  • Curcuma comosa Roxb.
  • Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu
  • Curcuma decipiens Dalzell
  • Curcuma ecalcarata Sivar. & Balach.
  • Curcuma euchroma Valeton
  • Curcuma ecomata Craib
  • Curcuma elata Roxb.
  • Curcuma exigua N.Liu
  • Curcuma ferruginea Roxb.
  • Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong
  • Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood
  • Curcuma gracillima Gagnep.
  • Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker
  • Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu
  • Curcuma harmandii Gagnep.
  • Curcuma heyneana Valeton & van Zijp
  • Curcuma inodora Blatt.
  • Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj
  • Curcuma kudagensis Velayudhan, V.S.Pillai & Amalraj
  • Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee & C.L.Liang
  • Curcuma lanceolata Ridley
  • Curcuma larsenii C.Maknoi & T.Jenjittikul
  • Curcuma latiflora Valeton
  • Curcuma latifolia Roscoe
  • Curcuma leonidii identified at Bu Gia Map National Park[9]
  • Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
  • Curcuma loerzingii Valeton
  • Curcuma longa L. : turmeric
  • Curcuma longispica Valeton
  • Curcuma malabarica Velayudhan, Amalraj & Muralidharan
  • Curcuma meraukensis Valeton
  • Curcuma mutabilis Skornickova, M.Sabu & Prasanthkumar
  • Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight
  • Curcuma nilamburensis K.C.Velayudhan et al.
  • Curcuma oligantha Trimen
  • Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker
  • Curcuma parviflora Wall.
  • Curcuma parvula Gage
  • Curcuma peethapushpa Sasidh. & Sivar.
  • Curcuma petiolata Roxb.
  • Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton
  • Curcuma pierreana Gagnep.
  • Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker
  • Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex Span.
  • Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi
  • Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham
  • Curcuma purpurascens Blume
  • Curcuma purpurea Blatt.
  • Curcuma raktakanta Mangaly & M.Sabu
  • Curcuma reclinata Roxb.
  • Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman
  • Curcuma rhomba Mood & K.Larsen
  • Curcuma roscoeana Wall.
  • Curcuma rubescens Roxb.
  • Curcuma rubrobracteata Skornickova, M.Sabu & Prasanthkumar
  • Curcuma saraburiensis Boonma & Saensouk
  • Curcuma sattayasaii A.Chaveerach & R.Sudmoon
  • Curcuma sichuanensis X.X.Chen
  • Curcuma singularis Gagnep.
  • Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep.
  • Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
  • Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker
  • Curcuma sulcata Haines
  • Curcuma sumatrana Miq.
  • Curcuma sylvatica Valeton
  • Curcuma thalakaveriensis Velayudhan et al.
  • Curcuma thorelii Gagnep.
  • Curcuma tongii Y.H. Tang & Li X.Zhang[10]
  • Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep.
  • Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly
  • Curcuma vellanikkarensis K.C.Velayudhan et al.
  • Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen & C.Ling
  • Curcuma wenchowensis Y.H.Chen & C.Ling
  • Curcuma xanthella Škorničk, 2013
  • Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & C.Senjen
  • Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. : temu lawak
  • Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe : zedoary
  • Curcuma zedoaroides A.Chaveerach & T.Tanee
gollark: To be fair, people do make really weird mistakes and assumptions about computers and being able to do this stuff competently probably means you do that less.
gollark: * and
gollark: But I guess being able to model how computers work is useful for programmers since many people are so very bad at this.
gollark: I'm not sure it's actually testing things relevant to programming skill by making you effectively *be* an inefficient computer.
gollark: A "computational thinking" challenge.

References
  1. Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Flora of China v 24 p 359, 姜黄属 jiang huang shu, Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.
  4. Raju, V.S., Reddy, C.S. & Ragan, A. (2006). Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Andhra Pradesh: a preliminary study. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 773-775.
  5. Sirirugsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. (2007). The genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): distribution and classification with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 59: 203-220.
  6. Leong-Skornicková, J., Sída, O., Wijesundara, S. & Marhold, K. (2008). On the identity of turmeric: the typification of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 37-46.
  7. Škornicková, J.L., Sída, O. & Marhold, K. (2010). Back to types! Towards stability of names in Indian Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae). Taxon 59: 269-282.
  8. Tawney, C. H. (1924). The Ocean of Story, chapter 104. p. 13.
  9. "Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province". Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
  10. Tan, Yun-Hong; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Li, Hai-Tao; Ding, Hong-Bo; Zhang, Li-Xia (2019-03-11). "Curcuma tongii , a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China". Phytotaxa. 395 (3): 241–247. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9. ISSN 1179-3163.
  • Curcuma aeruginosa
  • Curcuma longa
  • Curcuma sp.
  • Curcuma sp.
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