Condylostoma

Condylostoma is a genus of unicellular ciliate protists, belonging to the class Heterotrichea.

Condylostoma
Condylostoma patens
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
SAR
(unranked):
Alveolata
Phylum:
Ciliophora
Subphylum:
Postciliodesmatophora
Class:
Heterotrichea
Family:
Condylostomatidae
Genus:
Condylostoma

Species list

According to the World Register of Marine Species, genus Condylostoma contains 24 species:[1]

  • Condylostoma acuta Dragesco, 1954
  • Condylostoma ancestralis Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940
  • Condylostoma arenarium Spiegel, 1926
  • Condylostoma caudatum Lauterborn, 1908
  • Condylostoma curva Burkovsky, 1970
  • Condylostoma enigmatica Dragesco, 1954
  • Condylostoma fjeldi Hartwig, 1973
  • Condylostoma granulosum Bullington, 1940
  • Condylostoma kahli Dragesco, 1960
  • Condylostoma magnum Spiegel, 1926
  • Condylostoma minima Dragesco, 1960
  • Condylostoma minutum Bullington, 1940
  • Condylostoma nigra Dragesco, 1960
  • Condylostoma patens O.F. Müller, 1786
  • Condylostoma patulum Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
  • Condylostoma psammophilum Bock, 1952
  • Condylostoma remanei Spiegel, 1928
  • Condylostoma rugosa Kahl, 1928
  • Condylostoma spatiosum Ozaki & Yagiu in Yagiu, 1944
  • Condylostoma subterraneum Lepsi, 1964
  • Condylostoma tardum Penard, 1922
  • Condylostoma tenuis Faure-Fremiet, 1958
  • Condylostoma vastum Bock, 1955
  • Condylostoma vorticella Ehrenberg, 1833

Phylogeny

Molecular analyses based on either a single locus (small subunit rRNA) or several loci (SSU rDNA, large subunit rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, alpha-tubulin and COI) showed that Condylostoma is phylogenetically related to the genera Condylostentor and Chattonidium, and with Condylostomides possibly being their sister-group.[2][3][4]

Alternative genetic code

An alternative genetic code is used by the nuclear genome of Condylostoma magnum.[5] This code corresponds to translation table 28 and involves the unusual reassignment of the three standard termination codons to sense codons:

  • UAA   into   Gln (Q)   or   Termination (*) ;
  • UAG   into   Gln (Q)   or   Termination (*) ;
  • UGA   into   Trp (W)   or   Termination (*).
gollark: It's a neural network in the sense that it's... a network of neurons. Software neural networks are uncool and very simplified.
gollark: ... okay, fine, just compile, though to bytecode or something rather than machine code.
gollark: <@!426660245738356738> `load` and `loadstring` both just "compile" code from a supplied string, but take mildly different arguments.
gollark: `shell.run`/`dofile`/`os.run` use load(string) internally *anyway*, you see.
gollark: As has been said, the best way to execute user supplied code if you need to for some reason is `load`/`loadstring`. With environment meddling it can even be sandboxed a bit.

References
  1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Condylostoma Bory de St. Vincent, 1824". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  2. Guo, Wenbo; Song, Weibo; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.; Shao, Chen; Miao, Miao; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Al-Qurishy, Saleh A.; Chen, Zigui; Yi, Zhenzhen (2008-09-10). "Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence". Progress in Natural Science. 18 (9): 1089–1093. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.04.003.
  3. Yan, Ying; Chen, Xumiao; Chen, Xiangrui; Gao, Feng; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. (2015-02-01). "Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three marine Condylostoma species from China, including two new ones (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea)". European Journal of Protistology. 51 (1): 66–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2014.11.001.
  4. Fernandes, Noemi M.; Paiva, Thiago da Silva; da Silva-Neto, Inácio D.; Schlegel, Martin; Schrago, Carlos G. (2016-02-01). "Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the class Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) using five molecular markers and morphological data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 95: 229–246. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.030.
  5. Heaphy, Stephen M.; Mariotti, Marco; Gladyshev, Vadim N.; Atkins, John F.; Baranov, Pavel V. (2016-11-01). "Novel Ciliate Genetic Code Variants Including the Reassignment of All Three Stop Codons to Sense Codons in Condylostoma magnum". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (11): 2885–2889. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw166. hdl:10468/3302. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5062323. PMID 27501944.
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