Streptophyta

Streptophyta, informally the streptophytes (from the Greek strepto, for twisted, i.e., the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and possibly the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae, and Spirotaenia.[3]

For an explanation of very similar terms, see Charophyta.

Streptophyta
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Diaphoretickes
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Streptophyta
Jeffrey 1967,[1] sensu Leliaert et al. 2012
Subdivisions
Synonyms
  • Anthocerophyta Sluiman 1985[2]
  • Charophyta Migula 1897 sensu Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009
  • Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997

Classifications

The composition of the Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.[4] Some authors are more restrictive, including only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004), others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophyta Bremer, 1985; de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993;[5] Leliaert et al. 2012, Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984, Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002).

These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012) nomenclature.[6]

Jeffrey, 1967

Lewis & McCourt 2004

Leliaert et al. 2012

Adl et al. 2012

Adl et al. 2019
  • Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
    • Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
      • Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
        • Chlorokybus atmophyticus
        • Mesostigma viridae
        • Family Klebsomidiophyceae
        • Class Phragmoplastophyta
          • Family Zygnemataceae
          • Order Coleochaetophyceae
          • Family Characeae
          • Kingdom Embryophyta

Please note the taxonomic name system inconsistency of the Kingdom in Class classification.[7]

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References
  1. Jeffrey C (1967). "The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bull. 21 (2): 335–349. doi:10.2307/4108533. JSTOR 4108533.
  2. Sluiman H. J. (1985). "A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 149 (3–4): 217–232. doi:10.1007/bf00983308.
  3. Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (37): E7737–E7745. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. PMC 5603991. PMID 28808007.
  4. http://www.protisten.de/german/docs/Phylogeny_in_Streptophyta.pdf
  5. Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts. In: Origins of plastids (pp. 291-348). Springer US.
  6. Lemieux, Claude; Otis, Christian; Turmel, Monique (2016). "Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses of Streptophyte Green Algae Uncover Major Structural Alterations in the Klebsormidiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 697. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00697. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4877394. PMID 27252715.
  7. Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2019). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 6492006. PMID 30257078.
  • Bremer, K. (1985) Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1:369-385.
  • Lewis L.A.; McCourt R.M. (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
  • Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F.; Dunthorn, M.; Hampl, V.; Heiss, A.; Hoppenrath, M.; Lara, E.; le Gall, L.; Lynn, D.H.; McManus, H.; Mitchell, E.A.D.; Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.; Parfrey, L.W.; Pawlowski, J.; Rueckert, S.; Shadwick, L.; Schoch, C.L.; Smirnov, A.; Spiegel, F.W. (September 2012), "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59 (5): 429–514, doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x, PMC 3483872, PMID 23020233
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