Chief of Staff of the French Army

The Chief of Staff of the French Army (French: Chef d'État-Major de l'Armée de Terre, acronym: C.E.M.A.T. lit. 'Chief of Staff of the Land Army') is the head of the French Army and is responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces in relation to preparation and deployment. They are a subordinate of the Chief of the Defense Staff and their deputy is the Major General of the Army. Since the 50's, the office has been held only by five stars generals (OF-9). The current Chief is Général Thierry Burkhard since 31 July 2019.

Chief of Staff of the French Army Chef d'État-Major de l'Armée de Terre (fr)
Marque of the Chief[1]
Incumbent Général Thierry Burkhard since 31 July 2019
Ministry of the Armed Forces
Style	Monsieur le Chef d'État-Major de l'Armée de Terre
Abbreviation	C.E.M.A.T.
Member of	Chiefs of Staff Committee
Reports to	Chief of the Defence Staff
Seat	Hexagone Balard, Paris
Appointer	President of the Republic Requires the Prime Minister's countersignature
Term length	No fixed term
Formation	8 June 1871[2]
First holder	François Hartung
Deputy	Major General of the Army
Website	www.defense.gouv.fr

History

Creation

The office was originally created on 8 June 1871 as Chief of the General Staff of the Army. Following the fall of the Second French Empire, the central administration of the Ministry of War was reorganized. The Chief of Staff had full control of the operations of the army, military engineering services, military justice, and general resources such as the historic and geographic departments. The Chief reported directly to the Minister of War.

However, under some governments, the position was given a lesser importance and was attributed to a Général de brigade, the lowest of the two flag officer ranks existing at the time in the French Army. In normal circumstances, it was filled by a Général de division.

First World War

In times of war, the Chief of Staff of the French Army took charge of general headquarters (Grand Quartier Général (1914–1919) (GQG)). During the First World War, the leader of the French Armies was variously referred to as generalissimo or commander-in-chief. In the closing years of the First World War I, the establishment of the Supreme War Council in 1917 led to overall command being held by General Ferdinand Foch, and by mid-1918 French Army Chief Philippe Pétain was subordinate to Foch. Although the war ended with the armistice in November 1918, the war-time organisation persisted until 1920.

Interwar period

During the interwar period, command of the French Army was divided between the Vice President of the Superior War Council and the Chief of the general staff of the Armies. Marshal Philippe Pétain was Vice President from 1920 to 1931, when he was replaced by General Weygand. After Weygand retired in 1935 he was succeeded by Gamelin who held the two positions simultaneously.

After the Second World War

The modern-day office of Chief of Staff of the Army was created in 1951.[3] The Chief is placed under the authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff and is member of the Chiefs of Staff committee. The position is traditionally held by a Général d'armée.

Name of the office

The office took various names during its history:

• Chief of the General Staff of the Army (1871 – 1915)
• Commander-in-Chief of the French Armies[lower-alpha 1][4] (1915 – 1917)
• Chief of the General Staff of the Army[lower-alpha 2] (1917 – 1940)
• Office disbanded[5] (1940 – 1945)
• Chief of the General Staff of the Army (1945 – 1948)[6]
• Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - War (1948 – 1950)
• Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces - War (1950 – 1951)[7]
• Chief of Staff of the Army (1951 – )

List of chiefs

The following is a list of chiefs that served under the Third Republic, the Fourth Republic and the Fifth Republic:

Third Republic

No.	Portrait	Rank & Name	Term			Minister[lower-alpha 3]	Commander-in-Chief	Ref.[lower-alpha 4]
			Took office	Left office	Duration
Office established
1		Général de brigade François Hartung	9 June 1871	2 June 1873	1 year, 358 days	Ernest de Cissey François du Barail	Adolphe Thiers Patrice de Mac Mahon	[8] -
2		Général de division Jean-Louis Borel	2 June 1873	2 June 1874	1 year, 0 days	François du Barail Ernest de Cissey	Patrice de Mac Mahon	[9] -
3		Général de division[lower-alpha 5] Henri Gresley	2 June 1874	29 November 1877	3 years, 180 days	Ernest de Cissey Jean Berthaut Gaëtan de Rochebouët	Patrice de Mac Mahon	[10] -
4		Général de division Joseph de Miribel	29 November 1877	25 January 1879	1 year, 57 days	Gaëtan de Rochebouët Jean-Louis Borel Henri Gresley	Patrice de Mac Mahon	[11] -
5		Général de division Léopold Davout	25 January 1879	11 January 1880	351 days	Henri Gresley Jean-Joseph Farre	Patrice de Mac Mahon Jules Grévy	[12] -
6		Général de division Omer Blot	11 January 1880	16 November 1881	1 year, 309 days	Jean-Joseph Farre Jean-Baptiste Campenon	Jules Grévy	[13] -
7		Général de division Joseph de Miribel	16 November 1881	18 February 1882	94 days	Jean-Baptiste Campenon Jean-Baptiste Billot	Jules Grévy	[14] -
8		Général de division Achile Vuillemot	18 February 1882	5 January 1885	2 years, 322 days	Jean-Baptiste Billot Jean Thibaudin Jean-Baptiste Campenon Jules Lewal	Jules Grévy	[15] -
9		Général de division[lower-alpha 5] Charles Warnet	5 January 1885	9 April 1885	94 days	Jules Lewal Jean-Baptiste Campenon	Jules Grévy	[16] -
10		Général de division Amédée de Cools	9 April 1885	10 January 1886	276 days	Jean-Baptiste Campenon Georges Boulanger	Jules Grévy	[17] -
11		Général de division Eugène Galland	10 January 1886	14 January 1886	4 days	Georges Boulanger	Jules Grévy	[18] -
12		Général de division[lower-alpha 5] Savin de Larclause	14 January 1886	6 July 1887	1 year, 173 days	Georges Boulanger Théophile Ferron	Jules Grévy	[19] -
13		Général de division[lower-alpha 5] Charles Haillot	6 July 1887	7 May 1890	2 years, 305 days	Théophile Ferron François Logerot Charles de Freycinet	Jules Grévy Sadi Carnot	[20] -
14		Général de division Joseph de Miribel	7 May 1890	29 September 1893	3 years, 145 days	Charles de Freycinet Julien Léon Loizillon	Sadi Carnot	[21] [22]
15		Général de division Raoul de Boisdeffre	29 September 1893	3 September 1898	4 years, 339 days	Julien Loizillon Auguste Mercier [...] Jean-Baptiste Billot Jacques Cavaignac	Sadi Carnot Jean Casimir-Perier Félix Faure	[23] [22]
16		Général de division Jean Renouard	3 September 1898	5 November 1898	63 days	Jacques Cavaignac Charles Chanoine Édouard Locroy Charles de Freycinet	Félix Faure	[24] -
17		Général de division Paul Brault	5 November 1898	27 September 1899†	326 days	Charles de Freycinet Camille Krantz Gaston de Galliffet	Félix Faure Émile Loubet	[25] [22]
18		Général de brigade[lower-alpha 6] Alfred Delanne	27 September 1899	5 July 1900	281 days	Gaston de Galliffet Louis André	Émile Loubet	[26] -
19		Général de brigade[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] Jean Pendézec	5 July 1900	2 August 1905	5 years, 28 days	Louis André Maurice Berteaux	Émile Loubet	[27] [22]
20		Général de division Jean Brun	2 August 1905	5 August 1909	4 years, 3 days	Maurice Berteaux Eugène Étienne Georges Picquart Jean Brun	Émile Loubet Armand Fallières	[28] [22]
21		Général de division Édouard de Ladébat	5 August 1909	31 May 1911	1 year, 299 days	Jean Brun Aristide Briand Maurice Berteaux François Goiran	Armand Fallières	[29] [22]
22		Général de division Augustin Dubail	31 May 1911	29 July 1911	59 days	François Goiran Adolphe Messimy	Armand Fallières	[30] [22]
23		Général de division Joseph Joffre	29 July 1911	14 December 1916	5 years, 138 days	Adolphe Messimy Alexandre Millerand [...] Pierre Roques Hubert Lyautey	Armand Fallières Raymond Poincaré	[31] [32]
24		Général de division Robert Nivelle	14 December 1916	30 April 1917	137 days	Hubert Lyautey Lucien Lacaze Paul Painlevé	Raymond Poincaré	[33] -
25		Général de division Philippe Pétain	30 April 1917	16 May 1917	16 days	Paul Painlevé	Raymond Poincaré	[34] -
26		Général de division[lower-alpha 7] Ferdinand Foch	16 May 1917	29 December 1918	1 year, 227 days	Paul Painlevé Georges Clemenceau	Raymond Poincaré	[35] -
27		Général de division Henri Alby	29 December 1918	25 January 1920	1 year, 27 days	Georges Clemenceau André Lefèvre	Raymond Poincaré	[36] -
28		Général de division Edmond Buat	25 January 1920	30 December 1923†	3 years, 339 days	André Lefèvre Flaminius Raiberti Louis Barthou André Maginot	Raymond Poincaré Paul Deschanel Alexandre Millerand	[37] [38]
29		Général de division Eugène Debeney	9 January 1924	3 January 1930	5 years, 359 days	André Maginot Charles Nollet [...] Paul Painlevé André Maginot	Alexandre Millerand Gaston Doumergue	[39] -
30		Général de division Maxime Weygand	3 January 1930	10 February 1931	1 year, 38 days	André Maginot Louis Barthou André Maginot	Gaston Doumergue	[40] -
31		Général de division Maurice Gamelin	10 February 1931	20 May 1940	9 years, 100 days	André Maginot André Tardieu [...] Louis Maurin Édouard Daladier	Gaston Doumergue Paul Doumer Albert Lebrun	[41] [42]
Office disestablished (1940 – 1945)

Fourth Republic

No.	Portrait	Rank & Name	Term			Minister[lower-alpha 3]	Commander-in-Chief	Ref.[lower-alpha 4]
			Took office	Left office	Duration
Office reestablished
32		Général d'armée Jean de Lattre	30 November 1945	12 March 1947	1 year, 102 days	Edmond Michelet Félix Gouin Georges Bidault François Billoux	Charles de Gaulle Félix Gouin Georges Bidault Vincent Auriol	[43] -
33		Général de corps d'armée Georges Revers	12 March 1947	15 December 1949	2 years, 278 days	François Billoux Yvon Delbos [...] Paul Ramadier René Pleven	Vincent Auriol	[44] [45]
34		Général de corps d'armée Clément Blanc	15 December 1949	16 June 1955	5 years, 183 days	René Pleven Jules Moch [...] Jacques Chevallier Marie-Pierre Kœnig	Vincent Auriol René Coty	[46] -
35		Général d'armée André Zeller	16 June 1955	2 March 1956	260 days	Marie-Pierre Kœnig Pierre Billotte Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury	René Coty	[47] -
36		Général de corps d'armée Jean Piatte	2 March 1956	11 November 1956	254 days	Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury	René Coty	[48] -
37		Général de corps d'armée Henri Lorillot	11 November 1956	1 July 1958	1 year, 232 days	Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury André Morice Jacques Chaban-Delmas Pierre de Chevigné Charles de Gaulle	René Coty	[49] -

Fifth Republic

No.	Portrait	Rank & Name	Term			Minister	Commander-in-Chief	Ref.[lower-alpha 4]
			Took office	Left office	Duration
38		Général d'armée André Zeller	1 July 1958	1 October 1959	1 year, 92 days	Charles de Gaulle Pierre Guillaumat	René Coty Charles de Gaulle	- -
39		Général d'armée André Demetz	1 October 1959	18 July 1962	2 years, 290 days	Pierre Guillaumat Pierre Messmer	Charles de Gaulle	[50] -
40		Général d'armée Louis Le Puloch	18 July 1962	3 April 1965	2 years, 260 days	Pierre Messmer	Charles de Gaulle	- [51]
41		Général d'armée Émile Cantarel	3 April 1965	1 May 1971	6 years, 28 days	Pierre Messmer Michel Debré	Charles de Gaulle Georges Pompidou	- [52]
42		Général d'armée Alain de Boissieu	1 May 1971	1 April 1975	3 years, 335 days	Michel Debré Robert Galley Jacques Soufflet Yvon Bourges	Georges Pompidou Valéry Giscard d'Estaing	[53] [54]
43		Général d'armée Jean Lagarde	1 April 1975	1 October 1980	5 years, 183 days	Yvon Bourges Joël Le Theule	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing	[55] -
44		Général d'armée Jean Delaunay	1 October 1980	10 March 1983	2 years, 160 days	Robert Galley Charles Hernu	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing François Mitterrand	[56] [57]
45		Général d'armée René Imbot	10 March 1983	25 September 1985	2 years, 199 days	Charles Hernu	François Mitterrand	[58] [59]
46		Général d'armée Maurice Schmitt	25 September 1985	16 November 1987	2 years, 52 days	Paul Quilès André Giraud	François Mitterrand	[60] [61]
47		Général d'armée Gilbert Forray	16 November 1987	17 April 1991	3 years, 152 days	André Giraud Jean-Pierre Chevènement Pierre Joxe	François Mitterrand	[62] [63]
48		Général d'armée Amédée Monchal	17 April 1991	28 August 1996	5 years, 133 days	Pierre Bérégovoy François Léotard Charles Millon	François Mitterrand Jacques Chirac	[64] [65]
49		Général d'armée Philippe Mercier	28 August 1996	21 January 1999	2 years, 146 days	Charles Millon Alain Richard	Jacques Chirac	[66] -
50		Général d'armée Yves Crène	21 January 1999	1 September 2002	3 years, 223 days	Alain Richard Michèle Alliot-Marie	Jacques Chirac	[67] [68]
51		Général d'armée Bernard Thorette	1 September 2002	16 July 2006	3 years, 318 days	Michèle Alliot-Marie	Jacques Chirac	[69] [70]
52		Général d'armée Bruno Cuche	16 July 2006	3 July 2008	1 year, 353 days	Michèle Alliot-Marie Hervé Morin	Jacques Chirac Nicolas Sarkozy	[71] [72]
53		Général d'armée Elrick Irastorza	3 July 2008	1 September 2011	3 years, 60 days	Hervé Morin Alain Juppé Gérard Longuet	Nicolas Sarkozy	[73] [74]
54		Général d'armée Bertrand Ract-Madoux	1 September 2011	1 September 2014	3 years, 0 days	Gérard Longuet Jean-Yves Le Drian	Nicolas Sarkozy François Hollande	[75] -
55		Général d'armée Jean-Pierre Bosser	1 September 2014	31 July 2019	4 years, 333 days	Jean-Yves Le Drian Sylvie Goulard Florence Parly	François Hollande Emmanuel Macron	[76] -
56		Général d'armée Thierry Burkhard	31 July 2019	Incumbent	1 year, 16 days	Florence Parly	Emmanuel Macron	[77] [78]

See also

• Chief of the Defence Staff
  • Chief of Staff of the Air Force
  • Chief of Staff of the Navy
  • Special Operations Command
  • Directorate General of the National Gendarmerie

References

1. This official title (sometimes referred to as Généralissime) gave the Chief of Staff full authority over all French armies.
2. The title was officially reverted with the nomination of Pétain.
3. Before 1947, the Minister of War was responsible. After 1947, it is the Minister of the Armed Forces.
4. Upper references are the official decree of nomination in French. Lower references are press articles in English.
5. Général de brigade at the time of his appointment, promoted to Général de division while in office.
6. Appointed "Chef d'état-major général avec le titre faisant fonction"; faisant fonction is a locution indicating that an officer is holding an office usually attached to a higher rank.
7. Subsequently named Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces (1918 – 1920).

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