Charles the Younger

Charles the Younger
Charles the Younger
King of the Franks; with Charlemagne
Coronation	25 December 800
Duke of Maine
Reign	790–811
Predecessor	Grifo
Successor	Louis the German
Born	c. 772
Died	4 December 811 (aged 39)
Dynasty	Carolingian
Father	Charlemagne
Mother	Hildegard

Charles the Younger or Charles of Ingelheim (c. 772 – 4 December 811) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the second son of Charlemagne and the first by his second wife, Hildegard of Swabia[1] and brother of Louis the Pious and Pepin Carloman. When Charlemagne divided his empire among his sons, his son Charles was designated King of the Franks.

Life

His eldest half-brother, Pippin the Hunchback, had been sent to the monastery of Prüm in 792 after having been involved in a rebellion against their father, Charlemagne.[2] Of his younger brothers, Carloman (renamed Pippin) and Louis the Pious, were appointed sub-kings of Italy and Aquitaine.[3]

Charles was mostly preoccupied with the Bretons, whose border he shared and who rebelled on at least two occasions and were easily put down, but he was also sent against the Saxons on multiple occasions. Charles' father outlived him, however, and the entire kingdom thus went to his younger brother Louis the Pious, Pippin also having died.

Around 789, it was suggested by Charlemagne that Charles the Younger should be married to Offa's daughter Ælfflæd. Offa insisted that the marriage could only go ahead if Charlemagne's daughter Bertha was married to Offa's son Ecgfrith. Charlemagne took offence, broke off contact, and closed his ports to English traders.[4] Eventually, normal relations were reestablished and the ports were reopened. Just a few years later, in 796, Charlemagne and Offa concluded the first commercial treaty known in English history.

His father associated Charles in the government of Francia and Saxony in 790, and installed him as ruler of the ducatus Cenomannicus (corresponding to the later Duchy of Maine) with the title of king.[5] Charles was crowned King of the Franks at Rome 25 December, 800, the same day his father was crowned Emperor.

He killed Sorbian duke Miliduch and Slavic Knez, Nussito (Nessyta) near modern-day Weißenfels in a Frankish campaign in 806.[6]

On 4 December 811, in Bavaria, Charles had a stroke and died. He left no children. In the Matter of France, Charles is fictionalized as Charlot.

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gollark: That only works in languages or whatever with referential transparency like Haskell.

gollark: Yes.

gollark: Define definition.

gollark: Existent within potato-space.

References

Himiltrude, by whom Charlemagne had a son, Pepin the Hunchback, was a concubine or common law wife. See Riche, Pierre, The Carolingians, p.86 ("Although he already had a son by his concubine, Himiltrude..."); Chamberlin, Russell, The Emperor Charlemagne, p.61: "he made the first of those confusing sexual relationships which was something more than concubinage, less than marriage...the Franks called it friedelehe, and it could perhaps be compared with the English system of common-law wife or husband..."
Roger Collins (1998). Charlemagne. University of Toronto Press. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-8020-8218-3.
Matthias Becher (2003). Charlemagne. Yale University Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-300-10758-6.
Natalie Fryde; Dirk Reitz (2009). Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: Selected Studies from Antiquity to Modern Times. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-3-8258-9478-8.
"Counts of Maine". Retrieved 2006-11-04.
Vickers, Robert H. (1894). History of Bohemia. Chicago: C. H. Sergel Company. p. 48.

Regnal titles
Charles the Younger Carolingian dynasty Cadet branch of the 772 Born: April 773 Died: 4 December 811
Preceded by Charlemagne as sole king	King of the Franks 800–811 with Charlemagne (800–811)	Succeeded by Charlemagne as sole king
Preceded by Grifo	Duke of Maine 790–811	Succeeded by Louis the German

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[1] Himiltrude, by whom Charlemagne had a son, Pepin the Hunchback, was a concubine or common law wife. See Riche, Pierre, The Carolingians, p.86 ("Although he already had a son by his concubine, Himiltrude..."); Chamberlin, Russell, The Emperor Charlemagne, p.61: "he made the first of those confusing sexual relationships which was something more than concubinage, less than marriage...the Franks called it friedelehe, and it could perhaps be compared with the English system of common-law wife or husband..."

[Collins1998-2] Roger Collins (1998). Charlemagne. University of Toronto Press. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-8020-8218-3.

[Becher2003-3] Matthias Becher (2003). Charlemagne. Yale University Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-300-10758-6.

[FrydeReitz2009-4] Natalie Fryde; Dirk Reitz (2009). Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: Selected Studies from Antiquity to Modern Times. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-3-8258-9478-8.

[5] "Counts of Maine". Retrieved 2006-11-04.

[6] Vickers, Robert H. (1894). History of Bohemia. Chicago: C. H. Sergel Company. p. 48.

Carolingian dynasty

Pippinids Pippin the Elder (c. 580–640) Grimoald (616–656) Childebert the Adopted (d. 662)
Arnulfings Arnulf of Metz (582–640) Ansegisel (d. 662 or 679) Chlodulf of Metz (d. 696 or 697) Pepin of Herstal (635-714) Grimoald II (d. 714) Drogo of Champagne (670–708) Theudoald (d. 741)
Carolingians Charles Martel (686–741) Carloman (d. 754) Pepin the Short (714–768) Carloman I (751–771) Charlemagne (742–814) Pepin the Hunchback (768–811) Charles the Younger (772–811) Pepin of Italy (773–810) Louis the Pious (778–840) Pepin I of Aquitaine (797–838)
After the Treaty of Verdun (843) Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor (795–855; Middle Francia) Charles the Bald (823–877) (West Francia) Louis the German (804–876) (East Francia)