Chūbu region
The Chūbu region (中部地方, Chūbu-chihō), Central region, or Central Japan (中部日本, Chūbu-nihon) is a region in the middle of Honshū, Japan's main island. In a wide, classical definition, it encompasses nine prefectures (ken): Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Toyama, and Yamanashi.[1]
Chūbu region 中部地方 | |
|---|---|
Region | |
 The Chūbu region (without Mie) in Japan | |
| Area incl. Mie | |
| • Total | 72,572.34 km2 (28,020.34 sq mi) |
| Population (June 1, 2019) incl. Mie | |
| • Total | 23,010,276 |
| • Density | 320/km2 (820/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (JST) |
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It is located directly between the Kantō region and the Kansai region and includes the major city of Nagoya as well as Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan coastlines, extensive mountain resorts, and Mount Fuji.
The region is the widest part of Honshū and the central part is characterized by high, rugged mountains. The Japanese Alps divide the country into the Pacific side, sunny in winter, and the Sea of Japan side, snowy in winter.
Although Mie is part of Kinki/Kansai/Western Japan in traditional geographical regional divisions, Northern Mie is part of the metropolitan area around Nagoya, and Mie is in many practical contexts considered to be part of Tōkai/Chūbu/Central Japan. Including Mie, Chūbu has a population of 23,010,276 as of 1 June 2019.
Other definitions
In the MLIT of the central government, the jurisdiction of the Chūbu regional development bureau (中部地方整備局, Chūbu-chihō seibi-kyoku; (ja)) extends to five prefectures: Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and the Southern part of Nagano.[2]
In the National Police Agency, the Chūbu Regional Police Bureau (中部管区警察局, Chūbu kanku keisatsu-kyoku; (ja)) is responsible for six prefectural police forces: Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi and Mie.[3]
In local government, the Chūbu area governors' association (中部圏知事会, Chūbuken chijikai) unites the governors of Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and Shiga and the mayor of Nagoya City in Aichi.[4]
Subregions
The Chūbu region covers a large and geographically diverse area of Honshū which leads to it generally being divided into three distinct subregions: Tōkai, Kōshin'etsu, and Hokuriku. There is also another subregion occasionally referred to in business circles called Chūkyō.
Tōkai
The Tōkai region, mostly bordering the Pacific Ocean, is a narrow corridor interrupted in places by mountains that descend into the sea.
Since the Tokugawa period (1600–1867), this corridor has been critical in linking Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka. One of old Japan's most important ancient roadways, the Tōkaidō, ran through it connecting Tokyo (at that time called Edo) and Kyoto, the old imperial capital. In the twentieth century, it became the route for new super-express highways and high-speed railroad lines (shinkansen). The area consists of Aichi, Mie, Shizuoka, and southern Gifu prefectures.
A number of small alluvial plains are found in the corridor section. A mild climate, favorable location relatively close to the great metropolitan complexes, and availability of fast transportation have made this area a center for truck-gardening and out-of-season vegetables. Upland areas of rolling hills are extensively given over to the growing of mandarin oranges and tea. Nagoya, which faces Ise Bay, is a center for heavy industry, including iron and steel and machinery manufacturing. The corridor also has a number of small but important industrial centers. The western part of Tōkai includes the Nōbi Plain, where rice was being grown by the seventh century.
Chūkyō
The three Tōkai prefectures centered on Nagoya (Aichi, Gifu, and Mie) have particularly strong economic ties, and the parts of these prefectures that are closest to the city comprise the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. This area boasts the third strongest economy in Japan and this influence can sometimes extend into the more remote parts of these prefectures that are farther away from Nagoya. Thus, these three prefectures are sometimes called the "Chūkyō region" in a business sense. This name does not see widespread usage throughout Japan; however, as the economy in the area strengthens, this name may become more well-known country-wide.
Shizuoka City
Gifu City
Yokkaichi City
（Kinki region）
Tsu City
（Kinki region）
Kōshin'etsu
Kōshin'etsu is an area of complex and high rugged mountains—often called the "roof of Japan"—that include the Japanese Alps. The population is chiefly concentrated in six elevated basins connected by narrow valleys. It was long a main silk-producing area, although output declined after World War II. Much of the labor formerly required in silk production was absorbed by the district's diversified manufacturing industry, which included precision instruments, machinery, textiles, food processing, and other light manufacturing. Kōshin'etsu means Yamanashi, Nagano, and Niigata prefectures; Niigata is also included to the Hokuriku region. Yamanashi, Nagano and northern Gifu Prefecture are sometimes referred to as Chūō-kōchi or Tōsan region.
Niigata City
Nagano City
Kōfu City
Hokuriku
The Hokuriku region lies on the Sea of Japan coastline, northwest of the massive mountains that comprise Kōshin'etsu. Hokuriku includes the four prefectures of Ishikawa, Fukui, Niigata and Toyama,[5]
The district has very heavy snowfall (sometimes enough to block major roads) and strong winds in winter, and its turbulent rivers are the source of abundant hydroelectric power. Niigata Prefecture is the site of domestic gas and oil production as well. Industrial development is extensive, especially in the cities in Niigata and Toyama; Fukui and Ishikawa prefectures also have large manufacturing industries.
Historically, Hokuriku's development is owed to markets in the Kansai region, however recently the urban areas at the heart of the Kantō region and Tōkai region are having a heavy an influence as well. Hokuriku has port facilities which are mainly to facilitate trade with Russia, Korea and China. Transportation between Niigata and Toyama used to be geographically limited and so Niigata has seen especially strong influence from the Kantō region, because of this Niigata Prefecture is often classified as being part of the Kōshin'etsu region with Nagano and Yamanashi Prefectures.
Fukui City
Demographics
The three most dense areas of Chūbu region are Chūkyō metropolitan area (greater Nagoya), Niigata-Toyama area at Hokuriku subregion, and Nagano at the mountains (Chūō-kōchi).
Per Japanese census data,[6] and [7], Chūbu region has had positive population growth until around 2010. Since 2010, the Chūbu region has experienced negative population growth.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 10,702,000 | — |
| 1930 | 11,978,000 | +11.9% |
| 1940 | 13,113,000 | +9.5% |
| 1950 | 15,458,000 | +17.9% |
| 1960 | 16,565,000 | +7.2% |
| 1970 | 18,091,000 | +9.2% |
| 1980 | 19,984,000 | +10.5% |
| 1990 | 21,023,000 | +5.2% |
| 2000 | 21,628,238 | +2.9% |
| 2010 | 21,715,822 | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 21,289,333 | −2.0% |
| Note: This excludes Mie Prefecture | ||
Major cities
- Designated city
- Nagoya City: a designated city, the capital of Aichi Prefecture
- Niigata City: a designated city, the capital of Niigata Prefecture
- Hamamatsu City: a designated city
- Shizuoka City:a designated city, the capital of Shizuoka Prefecture
- Core city
- Kanazawa City: a core city, the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture
- Toyama City: a core city, the capital of Toyama Prefecture
- Gifu City: a core city, the capital of Gifu Prefecture
- Nagano City: a core city, the capital of Nagano Prefecture
- Fukui City: a core city, the capital of Fukui Prefecture
- Kofu City: a core city, the capital of Yamanashi Prefecture
Niigata City
Shizuoka City
- Nagano City
Kofu City
Other major cities
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Numazu City
Notes
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Chūbu" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 126, p. 126, at Google Books
- MLIT, Chūbu regional development bureau, organization (Japanese)
- NPA, Chūbu Regional Police Bureau, Organization (Japanese)
- Aichi prefectural government, Chūbu area governors' association (Japanese)
- Nussbaum, "Hokuriku" at p. 344, p. 344, at Google Books
- Aichi 1995-2020 population statistics
- Chūbu region 1920-2000 population statistics
References
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002 [1996]). Japan Encyclopedia. Trans. by Käthe Roth. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01753-6, ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5. OCLC 58053128.
External links
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