Captains Flat

Captains Flat is a town in the Southern Tablelands of rural New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.[2] It is south of Queanbeyan. Captains Flat township is bounded by the non-urban parts of the locality of Captains Flat in the north, east and west, and Captains Flat Road, the Molonglo River and Foxlow Street in the south.[3]

Captains Flat New South Wales
Captains Flat from Mine Hill
Captains Flat Location in New South Wales
Coordinates	35°35′19″S 149°26′51″E
Population	610 (2016 census)[1]
Established	1883
Postcode(s)	2623
Location	61 km (38 mi) SE of Canberra
LGA(s)	Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council
County	Murray
Parish	Ballallaba Bullongong
State electorate(s)	Monaro
Federal Division(s)	Eden-Monaro
Localities around Captains Flat: Hoskinstown Rossi Farringdon Urila Captains Flat Harolds Cross Tinderry Jingera Kindervale

Name

It is suggested the town took its name from a white bullock named "Captain" that would slip away from Foxlow station, 12 km away, to graze grassy flatlands near the Molonglo River.[4][5]

History

The area was originally inhabited by Ngarigo Aboriginal people prior to European settlement. The town formed as a result of mining for gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper and iron pyrites in the hills surrounding the upper reaches of the Molonglo River. The town boomed from 1881 to 1899 then went into a rapid decline until 1939 when rail access revived mining activity for another 23 years.

Captains Flat mine in 1952

Mining

Copper was found in the area in 1874 by J.E. Wright of Foxlow station. The Molonglo goldfield was declared in 1882 and mining for gold and silver commenced at two mines, Koh-i-noor and Commodore, which were operated by two mining companies. Two blast furnaces were built in 1885. The two companies merged in 1894 and formed the Lake George United Mining and Smelting Company. Up to that time the mines had produced mainly copper with some silver and a small amount of gold. Processing was made harder because of the presence of zinc. To convey ore to the bins at the smelter, the company built a 2 ft (610mm) tramway in 1897. Trains of small 4-wheel dump cars were hauled by a Krauss steam locomotive. The tramway appears to have closed about 1902.[6] In the early twentieth century the mine produced gold and copper. Mining activity ceased in 1920.

The impact on European markets due to World War II meant mining operations were subsidised by the government through power and freight concessions as the foreign revenue was seen as important to the Australian economy. In 1940, 550 people were employed and the local population was 1700. The mining company, Lake George Mines, built 152 fibro cottages for married miners, a hostel for single men and some of the population lived in tents. The company also built a theatre, hospital, tennis courts and a swimming pool, and paid for the medical staff, the provision of street lighting, electricity and water.

Captains Flat Hotel

In the 1930s and 1940s many of the old buildings were replaced including the hotel. The new hotel built in 1938 was said to have the longest bar in Australia at the time; it was 32 metres long.

Miners' strikes

There were some significant labour strikes by the miners in the 1940s and 1950s. The strike of 1948/49 and the lockout of 1954/55 both lasted for seven months. The mine closed on 11 March 1962 due to the lack of viable ore. To that point men had worked in tunnels extending 840 metres (2,800 feet) below the ground. The first strike started by a local miner named T.B. Hutchinson who fed up with the constant physical stress caused hazardous materials, threw down his miners bucket hat onto the floor in front of the visiting owner H.Wood causing a localised riot within the zinc mine.

From 1939 to 1962 just over 4 million tonnes of ore was extracted containing 1.5 million tonnes of concentrates: 39% of which were zinc, 33% pyrites, 24% lead, 5% copper, and small amounts of gold (2850 tonnes) and silver (155 tonnes). Immediately after the closure the Lake George Mines dismantled and sold the infrastructure including removing many of the cottages.

Evidence of the past mining activity remains above Captains Flat with a stream that flows into the Molonglo River

An Enthusiast's special at Captain's Flat, January, 1962

The Captains Flat railway line from Bungendore opened in 1940 with tri-weekly service. This was reduced to once a week following the closure of the mine. The railway was booked out of use on 31 August 1968 but reopened for a few weeks in 1969 for the filming of the movie "Ned Kelly".

Mining pollution

The impact of sulphur and acid rain produced by the smelting has resulted in the area around the mines having a stark and somewhat alien landscape reminiscent of Queenstown in Tasmania.

In 1939 and 1942 mine tailings and slime dams collapsed into the Molonglo River. The resulting pollution severely damaged the ecological communities of the Molonglo River downstream from the mine site, and eradicated all native fish populations. Despite Federal and NSW government funded remediation programs of $2.5m in 1976, toxic leachates still enter the river from the Captains Flat mine site. The remediation works covered the waste dumps with impermeable clay and vegetation designed to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure of the dumps. The owners of the mine were not held accountable for the pollution and did not contribute to the remediation of the environmental impact. A large stretch of the Molonglo is still devoid of native fish and awaits their re-establishment.

Prospecting has commenced in the area again, begun by Monaro Mining[7][8] (later known as Australian-American Mining, then AusROC Metals Ltd) and taken over by Ironbark Gold.[9]

Meteorology

The Captains Flat Weather Radar is the main weather radar for the ACT and the southern coast and tablelands of NSW. It is a WSR-74S type radar operated by the Bureau of Meteorology, mounted on a 22.35m tower on Mt Cowangerong.

Notable people

• Mark Gable (born 1950), an Australian musician who serves as the frontman and a founding member of the rock band The Choirboys.
• Ivy Weber (1892-1976), first woman elected at a general election in Victoria, and the first woman in Australia to win a seat as an independent.[10]
• Tom Wills (1835–1880), Australia's first great cricketer and pioneer of Australian rules football[11]

References

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Captains Flat (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
2. "Captains Flat". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
3. Location and boundaries
4. Welcome to Captains Flat
5. the name
6. The Captain's Flat Mines Tramway Macdonald, Bruce & Longworth, Jim Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September, 1994 pp253-256
7. http://www.monaromining.com/exploration/captains_flat.php Archived February 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
8. "Monaro Mining NL Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Australian American Mining. p. 16. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
9. "Captains Flat". Ironbark Zinc Limited. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
10. Browne, Geoff, "Weber, Ivy Lavinia (1892–1976)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 2 September 2019
11. de Moore, Greg. "An Australian Legend: Tom Wills and a tale of two doctors" Archived 2014-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, University of Melbourne (originally published in CHIRON). Retrieved 4 January 2015.

External links

Media related to Captains Flat, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons

• Webpage of the Captains Flat Community Association containing numerous internal and external links to information about the village and surrounding area.