Canthyloscelidae

The Canthyloscelidae are a small family of midges closely related to the Scatopsidae.

Canthyloscelidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Nematocera
Infraorder: Bibionomorpha
Family: Canthyloscelidae
Enderlein, 1912
Subfamilies
  • Canthyloscelinae
Synonyms
  • Canthyloscelididae
  • Hyperoscelididae
  • Synneuridae

Adults are small to medium-sized (2.5-9.0 mm) flies, relatively stout, usually dark coloured Nematocera with stout legs. They are associated with ancient woodland. Larvae are xylosaprophagous and live in the moist, rotting wood of stumps and fallen trees.[1]

Most are considered endangered due to the vulnerability of their habitat.

There are 15 described species worldwide from New Zealand, North America, South America, Japan and Russia. The 3 species in Europe are suspected to be introductions. There is one know fossil species from the Jurassic.

Systematics

Originally considered to be two separate families, the Synneuridae and the Canthyloscelidae. Haenni [2] placed the Synneuridae as the subfamily Synneurinae. A phylogenetic reclassification by Amorim [3] has reduced the Synneurinae into a synonymy of Canthyloscelinae.

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  • Genus Canthyloscelis Edwards, 1922
    • Canthyloscelis antennata Edwards, 1922
    • Canthyloscelis apicata Edwards, 1934
    • Canthyloscelis balaena Hutson, 1977
    • Canthyloscelis brevicornis Nagatomi, 1983
    • Canthyloscelis claripennis Edwards, 1922
    • Canthyloscelis nigricoxa Edwards, 1922
    • Canthyloscelis pectinata Edwards, 1930
    • Canthyloscelis pectipennis Edwards, 1930
    • Canthyloscelis valdiviana Tollet, 1959
  • Genus Exiliscelis Hutson 1977
    • Exiliscelis californiensis Hutson, 1977
  • Genus Hyperoscelis Hardy & Nagatomi 1960
    • Hyperoscelis eximia (Boheman, 1858) introduced in Europe
    • Hyperoscelis veternosa Mamaev & Krivosheina, 1969 introduced in Europe
  • Genus Prohyperoscelis Kovalev 1985
    • Prohyperoscelis jurassicus † Kovalev, 1985
  • Genus Synneuron Lundström 1910
    • Synneuron annulipes Lundström, 1910 introduced in Europe
    • Synneuron decipens Hutson, 1977
    • Synneuron sylvestre Mamaev & Krivosheina, 1969
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References
  1. Hutson A.M. (1977). "A revision of the families Synneuridae and Canthyloscelidae (Diptera)". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. London: British Museum (Natural History). 35 (3): 67–100.
  2. Haenni J.-P. (1997). Family Canthyloscelidae. In Papp L. & Darvas B. (eds): Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Nematocera and Lower Brachycera. Vol. 2. Budapest: Science Herald. pp. 273–279.
  3. Amorim D. de S. (2000). "A new phylogeny and phylogenetic classification for the Canthyloscelidae (Diptera: Psychodomorpha)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. Toronto: National Research Council Canada. 78 (6): 1067–1077. doi:10.1139/z00-010. ISSN 1480-3283.
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