Ragadidae

Ragadidae is a family of true flies in the superfamily Empidoidea. It was formerly considered a lower taxon, but was published as a new subfamily within Empididae in 2016.[1] Since then, it has been classified as the sister group to Empididae, and has been elevated to family level based on the genetic differences which separate it from Empididae.[2]

Ragadidae
Ragas unica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Asilomorpha
Superfamily: Empidoidea
Family: Ragadidae
Sinclair, 2016
Subfamilies
  • Iteaphilinae
  • Ragadinae

Description
Photograph of right wing of a species within Ragadidae, Ragas unica

Ragadidae are similar to Empididae and Atelestidae in the sense that their genitalia have symmetrical and straight terminalia. In their wings, the point of origin of the Rs vein is located at a distance from the humeral crossvein (h) as long as, or longer than, h. There is also a circumambient costa in the wing, which distinguishes Ragadidae from Atelestidae. Furthermore, the prosternum being separated from the proepisternum sets Ragadidae aside from Empididae—this is true for all except one genera (Hydropeza spp.), which can instead be characterized through its recurved labrum. In Empididae, this labrum is straight.[2]

Systematics

Ragadidae consists of two subfamilies, Iteaphilinae and Ragadinae, in which 7 genera are included in total: Dipsomyia, Hormopeza, Hydropeza, Ragas, Zanclotus, Anthepiscopus and Iteaphila.

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[2] the relationship between Ragadidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Ragadidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

Atelestidae
 
 

Atelestinae

 
 

Nemedininae

 
 
 
 
Hybotidae
 

Bicellariinae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Hybotinae

 
 

Oedaleinae

 
 
 

Ocydromiinae

 
 
 

Trichininae

 
 
Tachydromiinae
 
 

Tachydromiini

 
 

Symballaphthalmini

 
 
 

Drapetini

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Dolichopodidae

 
 
Ragadidae
 

Iteaphilinae

 
 

Ragadinae

 
 
Empididae
 

Clinocerinae

 
 
Brachystomatinae
 

Brachystomatini

 
 

Ceratomerini

 
 

Trichopezini

 
 
Empidinae
 
 

Chelipodini

 
 

Empidini

 
 
 
 

Hemerodromiini

 
 

Hilarini

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Footnotes
  1. Sinclair (2016)
  2. Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)
gollark: Implement WHY in Lua.
gollark: OR IS IT?
gollark: You must now always use this definition of x.
gollark: x = -4.00000000000000000000000000000007
gollark: Nobody should also know that "not real" means it could be imaginary *or* complex.

References
  • Sinclair, B. J. (2016): Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.). Records of the Australian Museum 68: 1–22. doi:10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657
  • Wahlberg, E. & Johanson, K.A. (2018): Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology 43(4): 619–636. doi:10.1111/syen.12297


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