Kantakouzenos
The house of Kantakouzenos (pl. Kantakouzenoi; Greek: Καντακουζηνός, pl. Καντακουζηνοί), Latinized as Cantacuzenus and anglicized as Cantacuzene, was one of the most prominent noble families of the Byzantine Empire in the last centuries of its existence. The family was one of the Empire's wealthiest and provided several prominent governors and generals, as well as two Byzantine emperors. The Kantakouzenoi intermarried extensively with other Byzantine noble families such as the Palaiologoi, the Philanthropenoi, the Asen, and the Tarchaneiotes. The feminine form of the name is Kantakouzene (Greek: Καντακουζηνή), Latinized as Cantacuzena.
| Kantakouzenos | |
|---|---|
| Country | Byzantine Empire |
| Founded | 11th century |
| Founder | John Kantakouzenos |
| Titles | Byzantine Emperor, Despot |
| Cadet branches | Cantacuzino |
Etymology
The origin of the family's surname, to follow Donald Nicol, "lies between romantic guesswork and philological conjecture."[1] Prince Michael Cantacuzino, an 18th-century Romanian aristocrat of the Cantacuzino family who traced his ancestry to this Byzantine family, provides examples of the first kind, such as the family began with a certain "Lucie Cusin" who married one "Serafina Catina", and united their familial names into the compound one of "Ca(n)tacuzino". Nicol prefers the second kind of explanation, and repeats the theory of Konstantinos Amantos that Kantakouzenos derives from κατὰ-κουζηνᾶν or κατὰ-κουζηνόν, ultimately from the locality of Kouzenas, a name for the southern part of Mount Sipylus near Smyrna. Nicol lists some connections the Kantakouzenos had with the locale in the 11th and 13th centuries.[2]
History
The Kantakouzenoi first appear in the reign of Alexios I Komnenos, when a member of the family campaigned against the Cumans.[3] In the Komnenian period, members of the family are attested as military officials: the sebastos John Kantakouzenos was killed in the Battle of Myriokephalon, while his probable grandson, the Caesar John Kantakouzenos, married Irene Angelina, the sister of Isaac II Angelos. By the time of the Fourth Crusade, the Kantakouzenoi were among the greatest landholders in the Empire.[3]
They remained prominent in the Palaiologan period. Michael Kantakouzenos was appointed governor of the Morea in 1308 and his son, John VI Kantakouzenos, rose to be megas domestikos, regent, and eventually emperor (1341–1354) before resigning and retiring to a monastery after a failed civil war.[4] John VI's eldest son Matthew also reigned as his co-emperor and as a pretender (1353–1357) before being captured and forced to resign as well. John's younger son Manuel Kantakouzenos remained despotes of the Morea from 1349 until 1380. Of John VI's daughters, Helena Kantakouzene married John and Matthew's rival John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1391), Maria married Nikephoros II Orsini of Epirus, and Theodora married the Ottoman bey Orhan I.[3]
Matthew's two sons, John and Demetrios, ruled briefly the Morea.[3] It is generally believed that John, about whom relatively few documents have survived, died childless, and that the numerous Kantakouzenoi of the following generation, as well as the historian Theodore Spandounes and the wife of genealogist Hugues Busac, trace their descent from Matthew through Demetrios.[5] The possible descendants of Demetrios (the exact parentage is uncertain) were Georgios, called "Sachatai"; Andronikos, the last megas domestikos of the Byzantine Empire; Eirene, who married Đurađ Branković; Thomas, who served in Branković's court; Helena, who became the second wife of David of Trebizond; and an unnamed daughter, who may have become queen of Georgia.[6]
See also
- Cantacuzino, a family of Phanariote and Romanian boyars who trace their descent from the Kantakouzenoi
- Serbian Orthodox Secondary School "Kantakuzina Katarina Branković" in Zagreb, Croatia is named after one of Irene Kantakouzene daughters Kantakuzina Katarina Branković, there is also Order of Kantakuzina Katarina Branković named after her.
Family tree of the Imperial House of Kantakouzenos
| Kantakouzenos | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| son | son | son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John sebastos ∞ Maria Komnene (daughter of Andronikos Komnenos) | John Caesar ∞ Irene Angelina (daughter of Andronikos Angelos) | Michael ∞ Angelina (daughter of John Doukas) | Manouel pinkernes of Nicaea | Michael megas konostaulos | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John pinkernes, duke of the Thracesian Theme ∞ Irene Palaiologina (daughter of Andronikos Palaiologos) | Michael governor of the Morea ∞ Theodora | son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theodora ∞ 1.George Mouzalon megas logothetes 2.John Raoul | Maria ∞ 1.Alexios Philes 2.Konstantin Tih of Bulgaria 3.Ivaylo of Bulgaria | Anna ∞ Nikephoros I Angelos despot of Epirus | John VI Byzantine Emperor (1347-1354) ∞ Irene Asan-Mitso (daughter of Andronikos Asen) | (daughter) ∞ (Guy) Konstantine II king of Armenia | Nikephoros sebastokrator | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demetrios mesazon | Matthew Byzantine Co-Emperor (1353-1357) ∞ Irene Palaiologina | Manuel despot of the Morea ∞ Zambia/Isabelle de Lusignan (daughter of (Guy) Constantine II king of Armenia) | Maria ∞ Nikephoros II Orsini despot of Epirus | Theodora ∞ Orhan emir of Bithynia | Helena ∞ John V Palaiologos HOUSE OF PALAIOLOGOS | Theodora ∞ Alexios III of Trebizond | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theodore Kantakouzenos | John despot | Demetrios I Kantakouzenos[7] despot of the Morea | Helena ∞ δον Louis Fadrique count of Salona, etc | Halil | Irene Palaiologina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John/Janja noble in Novo Brdo of Serbia | Demetrius writer in Serbia | Theodora ∞ Alexios IV of Trebizond | George Sachatai general | Andronikos megas domestikos | Thomas Serbian magnate, general | Irene ∞ Đurađ Branković despot of Serbia | Helena ∞ David of Trebizond | daughter ∞ George VIII of Georgia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel usurper administrator of Mani | Demetrios | Zoe ∞ James II de Flory office in Cyprus | Anna ∞ Vladislav Hercegović duke of Saint Sava in Herzegovina | daughter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Michael | Charola de Flory ∞ Hugue Buzak | Eudokia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demetrios | Theodore Spandounes historian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Michael Şeytanoğlu PHANARIOTE-ROMANIAN BRANCH princes of Wallachia & Moldavia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
References
- Nicol (1968), p. viii
- Nicol (1968), pp. viiif
- Kazhdan (1991), p. 1103
- Kazhdan (1991), pp. 1103, 1050
- Nicol (1968), p. 159
- Kazhdan (1991), p. 1104
- Donald Nicol later considered it more likely that Demetrios' offspring actually belonged to Theodore Kantakouzenos, who may have been either Demetrios' son, brother, or nephew. Brook, Lindsay L. (1989). "The Problematic Ascent of Eirene Kantakouzene Brankovič". Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. Salt Lake City, Utah : Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy. p. 6.
Sources
- Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Nicol, Donald M. (1968). The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus), ca. 1100–1460: A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study. Dumbarton Oaks studies 11. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. OCLC 390843.
Further reading
- Donald M. Nicol, "The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos: Some Addenda and Corrigenda" Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 27 (1973), pp. 309-315