Calcium dobesilate

Calcium dobesilate is a vasoprotective. It is the calcium salt of dobesilic acid. It is a synthetic molecule with the ability to reduce capillary permeability in the body. In Switzerland the drug is sold by the pharmaceutical company OM Pharma under the trade name of Doxium® in capsules containing 500 mg of active ingredient.

Calcium dobesilate
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.039.559
Chemical and physical data
FormulaCa(C6H5O5S)2
Molar mass418.4098 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
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Chemistry

The compound appears as a white hygroscopic powder . Very soluble in water and easily soluble in alcohol, it is practically insoluble in dichloromethane and poorly soluble in isopropyl alcohol. At the concentration of 10% the aqueous solution has a pH of between 4.5 and 6.0.

Pharmacodynamics

The molecule has the property of optimizing the microcirculatory function. In fact, it reduces capillary permeability both by stabilizing the basement membrane for an action on the collagen chains that constitute it, and by interacting with different biochemical mediators that favor endothelial permeability itself. In this way it favors a reduction in blood hyperviscosity and also performs an anti- platelet aggregation action.

Pharmacokinetics

Calcium dobesilate after oral administration is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract . Maximum plasma concentrations (C max ) of 6-8 µg / ml are reached approximately six hours after oral administration of 500 mg, which are generally maintained for over 12 hours. In the body the drug is poorly metabolized (less than 10%) and its binding with plasma proteins is rather low. Elimination occurs mainly through excretion from the renal excretion.

Clinical uses

Calcium dobesilate is indicated in states of fragility and altered capillary permeability, e.g. diabetic retinopathy, chronic venous disease and hemorrhoidal disease[1]. In combination with lidocaine or with lidocaine and dexamethasone, the drug enters the composition of preparations for the therapy of hemorrhoidal disease. In association with potassium hydrodex-sulfate enters the composition of adjuvant gels in the treatment of varicose veins. The efficacy of calcium dobesilate has been described in patients with microangiopathies such as diabetic retinopathy[2] and diabetic nephropathy[3].

Side effects

During treatment, gastrointestinal disorders can be observed: dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea . These disorders generally regress with the simple decrease in the dose taken, or with the temporary suspension of the treatment. Other adverse events related to hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported : among these skin rashes, skin rash, fever, arthralgia (joint pain). Rare cases of agranulocytosis have also been reported in medical literature. The rarity of the latter adverse effect led several authors to conclude that perhaps there could have been methodological errors in risk assessments.[1]

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated in subjects with known hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or to any of the inactive ingredients contained in the pharmaceutical formulation. It is also contraindicated in women who are pregnant and breastfeeding.[4]

Therapeutic doses

Calcium dobesilate is administered orally at a daily dose of 0.5-2 g (equivalent to 1-4 tablets)[5]. It can also be administered rectally in the case of hemorrhoidal disease.[6]

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References
  1. Allain H, Ramelet AA, Polard E, Bentué-Ferrer D (2004). "Safety of calcium dobesilate in chronic venous disease, diabetic retinopathy and haemorrhoids". Drug Safety. 27 (9): 649–60. doi:10.2165/00002018-200427090-00003. PMID 15230646.
  2. Zhang X, Liu W, Wu S, Jin J, Li W, Wang N (January 2015). "Calcium dobesilate for diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Science China. Life Sciences. 58 (1): 101–7. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4792-1. PMID 25528255.
  3. Haller H, Ji L, Stahl K, Bertram A, Menne J (2017). "Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies in Diabetic Nephropathy: New Avenues for Calcium Dobesilate-Free Radical Scavenger and Growth Factor Inhibition". BioMed Research International. 2017: 1909258. doi:10.1155/2017/1909258. PMC 5634607. PMID 29082239.
  4. "Swiss compendium - Doxium® product information".
  5. "Swiss compendium - Doxium® product information".
  6. "Swiss compendium - Doxiproct® product information".
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