Mataram (city)

Mataram (Indonesian: Kota Mataram) is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Nusa Tenggara. The city is surrounded on all the landward sides by (but is not administratively contained within) West Lombok Regency (Kabupaten Lombok Barat) and lies on the western side of the island of Lombok, Indonesia. It is also the largest city of the province, and had a population of 402,296 at the 2010 Census;[3] the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 420,941.

Not to be confused with Matalam.

Mataram
City
City of Mataram
Kota Mataram
Mataram City Hall
Seal
Location within West Nusa Tenggara
Mataram
Mataram
Mataram (Lesser Sunda Islands)
Mataram
Mataram (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 8°35′S 116°7′E
Country Indonesia
Province West Nusa Tenggara[1]
Settled31 August 1993
Government
 • MayorAhyar Abduh
 • Vice MayorMohan Roliskana
Area
 • Total61.30 km2 (23.67 sq mi)
Elevation
26 m (85 ft)
Population
 (2008[2])
 • Total420,941
 • Density6,900/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
 • Ethnicities
Sasak, Balinese, Tionghoa-peranakan, Sumbawa people, Flores people, Arab Indonesian
 • Religions
Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Catholicism, Buddhism
Time zoneUTC+8 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 370
Vehicle registrationDR
Websitemataramkota.go.id

In addition to serving as the provincial capital, Mataram has also become the center of government, education, commerce, industry and services. Three towns constitute the Mataram area; from west to east, these are Ampenan, Mataram, and Cakranegara. They are distinct towns, but run together. Broadly, Ampenan is an aging seaport city, Mataram is the governmental and office center for the province, and Cakranegara is the major commercial center on the island. The city is administratively divided into six districts (kecamatan), namely Ampenan, Cakranegara, Mataram, Pejanggik, Selaparang, and Sekarbela. The Mataram area contains 50 Kampungs (villages/neighbourhoods) and 297 (RT) kampung sub-sections.

The city is served by the Lombok International Airport (Bandara Internasional Lombok) (IATA: LOP, ICAO: WADL) near Praya in Central Lombok, by the Lembar Harbour seaport in the southwest and Labuhan Lombok ferry port on the east coast which provides connection to Poto Tano on Sumbawa. Mataram is located near west coast of Lombok, so it is very close to the island's tourism centre of Senggigi beach, which is a short distance northward from Ampenan.

Mataram was previously a part of West Lombok Regency before the division of the regency in 2000, when the capital of West Lombok was moved to Gerung.[4][5]

Mataram was also the seat of power for the king of Mataram (Seraja), which was sometimes controlled through neighboring Singaraja, Bali.

Administration
  • Dr. Zulkiflymansyah Governor of NTB (West Nusa Tenggara), (Mataram is the Provincial Capital of West Nusa Tenggara) 2018 - 2023
  • TGH M Zainul Majdi, MA., Governor of NTB (West Nusa Tenggara), (Mataram is the Provincial Capital of West Nusa Tenggara) 2008 - 2018
  • H Ahyar Abduh – H Mohan Roliskana, SSos, MH, was inaugurated and sworn into the office of the Mayor of Mataram, tenure 2010-2015, in the Office of the Mayor of Mataram on Tuesday (10/08/2010), Mayor of Mataram. Political participation in the election of the new Mayor of the city of Mataram was 175,386 or 63.2% of total permanent 277,499 enrolled voters.[6]

Administrative boundaries
BoundaryDistrictRegency
NorthGunung Sari, Kecamatan Gunung SariWest Lombok Regency
SouthLabu Api, Kecamatan Labu ApiWest Lombok Regency
WestLombok Strait
EastNarmada, Kecamatan NarmadaWest Lombok Regency

The city is composed of 6 districts, and comprises 50 kampungs.[7]

Administrative districts
  • Cakranegara
  • Mataram
  • Selaparang
  • Pejanggik
  • Ampenan
  • Sekarbela

Services and development

The city power supply is provided by a PLN[8] generating plant on the west coast of the island just south of Ampenan. Mataram and the island as a whole has suffered from serious power supply problems for many years, with the situation building to a crisis point by mid-2010. Despite assurances by PLN to provide a stable supply of power by August 2010, the problem endured and the island is still subject to frequent daily power outages.[9][10]

The city water supply is sourced primarily from the slopes of Mount Rinjani and the city has a system of small dams to buffer the system. The water supply in Lombok is stressed, so accordingly the city's water supply is under strain. West Nusa Tenggara province is broadly threatened with a water crisis caused by increasing forest and water table damage and degradation. 160 thousand hectares of a total of 1960 thousand hectares are thought to have been affected. The Head of Built Environment and Security Forest Service Forest West Nusa Tenggara Andi Pramari stated on Wednesday, 6 May 2009 that, "If this situation is not addressed it can be expected that within five years it may be difficult for people to obtain water in this part of NTB (West Nusa Tenggara). Not only that, the productivity of agriculture in value added will fall, and the residents are experiencing water deficiency in their wells". High cases of timber theft in the NTB region are contributing to this problem.[11]

Due to the delays in opening the new Lombok International Airport in Central Lombok, the proposed closure of Selaparang Airport in Ampenan was extensively delayed. The older airport on the city's outskirts continued to be used for both domestic and international flights up until its closure on 30 September 2011.

  • The expansion of Lombok’s Selaparang Airport was restricted by the proximity of hills to the north. The current state of urban development was major constraint to an expansion of that airports existing runway and taxiways. The opening of the new Bandara Internasional Lombok airport is expected to significantly enhance the development of Mataram city and West Nusa Tenggara province.
  • The Lombok International Airport is a new international airport established to the south east of the city of Mataram and to the immediate south of the small city of Praya.
  • Project milestones for the US$138.9 million Lombok project (Phase 1) are: Review of the 1993 Master Plan in 2005; detailed design 2005-2006; investment bidding 2005-2007; construction bidding 2007; implementation 2008-2011; operation from 2011 onwards.[12]
University of Mataram

The University of Mataram was established on 1 October 1962. It is situated in the city of Mataram.[13] The university is the principal provider of tertiary education in the province.

Demographics

Of the population of around 362,243 (2008) 177,719 persons are male and 184,524 are female.[14]

In the city of Mataram in 2008 Central Bureau of Statistics West Nusa Tenggara Province figures indicate that of the city's population 40.74% were unmarried, 52.01% were married, 2.51% were divorced, and 4.75% were of a widowed status.[15]

In 2008 the City of Mataram had 90,748 households and an average of 3.99 persons per household.[16]

Ethnicity

The Sasak people are the indigenous people of Lombok and form the majority of Mataram's residents. Mataram is also home to people of Balinese, Javanese, Chinese, Tionghoa-peranakan people of mixed Indonesian and Chinese descent and a small number of Arab Indonesian people, mainly of Yemeni descent who arrived when the city was known as "Ampenan". Despite being urban dwellers, the Sasak people of Mataram still identify strongly with their origins and the Sasak culture. The outbreak of riots in Lombok, on 17 January 2000 is considered to have been initiated by outside influences. After the troubles passed, Mataram's community returned to living in relative harmony.

Religion
Catholic Church in Mataram

Islam is the religion of over 80% of the population of Mataram. Hinduism has the second largest following with 14% of the population. Other religions practised in Mataram are Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism.[17]

Language

Mataram society normally speaks the Sasak language, Bahasa Sasak, which is the native language of the indigenous people of Lombok. Indonesian is the language most widely used in formal business, education and government contexts. When at home or a place of recreation, Mataram residents tend to use the Mataram Sasak language.

Climate

Mataram has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with heavy rainfall from November to March and moderate to little rainfall from April to October.

Climate data for Mataram
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.7
(87.3)		 31.3
(88.3)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.3
(86.5)		 29.7
(85.5)		 30.2
(86.4)		 30.9
(87.6)		 31.2
(88.2)		 31.2
(88.2)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.7
(87.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.6
(79.9)		 26.8
(80.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.5
(76.1)		 25.0
(77.0)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.1
(79.0)
Average low °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0)		 23.0
(73.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.1
(70.0)		 20.0
(68.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 19.8
(67.6)		 20.9
(69.6)		 21.7
(71.1)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 21.5
(70.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 290
(11.4)		 237
(9.3)		 170
(6.7)		 114
(4.5)		 108
(4.3)		 72
(2.8)		 77
(3.0)		 54
(2.1)		 62
(2.4)		 126
(5.0)		 190
(7.5)		 282
(11.1)		 1,782
(70.1)
Source: [18]

Transportation

By air

Lombok International Airport (Bandara Internasional Lombok) (IATA: LOP, ICAO: WADL) is southwest of the small regional city of [Praya] in south central Lombok. It commenced servicing airline operations on 1 October 2011, and provides facilities for wide bodied aircraft and more modern terminal and cargo facilities.

Selaparang Airport is in Ampenan. It was closed for operations on the evening of 30 September 2011, although it still retains intact domestic and international terminal buildings. The airport previously provided facilities for limited international connections to Singapore provided by Silk Air and international flights to Kuala Lumpur provided by Garuda and Merpati airlines that previously departed from the Domestic terminal. It also provided services for domestic air links to Java, Bali and Sumbawa. All existing air services were moved to the new airport when the operations at Selaparang ceased.

By sea

The city is serviced by the port of Tanjung Lembar in the south west of Lombok. Tanjung Lembar provides limited light shipping facilities and a ferry terminal for vehicle and passenger services. These ferries connecting to nearby Bali provide the principal facilities for goods movements in and out of Mataram. The port of Labuhan Lombok on the east coast provides vehicle and passenger services to Poto Tano on Sumbawa Island. Disruptions can significantly affect trade and the provision of supplies to the city of Mataram as the shipping operators on these routes will often suspend services due to breakdown or heavy seas.

Pelni Shipping Lines,[19] the principal national shipping line providing a sea-borne passenger service throughout the archipelago of Indonesia has an office in Mataram.

Revitalization of Old Ampenan seaport

The Ampenan Seaport, dormant since 1970, will be developed into a maritime tourism site as Ancol Dreamland in Jakarta, which would be complemented with a port for cruise services, accommodation with starred hotels and other entertainment facilities. The project will begin in 2012 with the investment of around Rp2.7 trillion ($0.3 billion) on a 1-hectare plot for the first stage and will reclaim land from the beach to meet the need for a further four hectares in the next stages.[20]

By road

Significant road improvements have occurred in the 2009-2010 including further development of a partial ring road system circumnavigating the outer areas of Mataram. The proposed road link between the city and the site of the new international airport has endured extended delays and is a contentious issue. Problems have been encountered securing right of way over the proposed route and conflicts have developed with local communities over the siting and construction of the road.[21][22][23]

The road-sea bridge for trucks and other vehicles is provided by drive on-drive off ferry services at the port of Tanjung Lembar in the southeast of the island and at the port of Labuhan Lombok in the east.

Main sights
Museum of West Nusa Tenggara
  • Mayura Garden, or Taman Mayura, is a water palace built in 1744. This was a location of some of the fierce battles that took place between Dutch and Balinese forces in 1894.
  • Narmada Park, or Taman Narmada. Located 10 km east of Mataram, this park was the relaxation place for the king during the time of feudalism. It has a Hindu temple and swimming pool, as well as a fountain which is called "Youth Fountain", which, according to the legend, gives long life to a person that drinks its water.
  • Museum of West Nusa Tenggara, Museum Negeri Nusa Tenggara Barat. The NTB museum has exhibits on the geology, history and culture of Lombok and nearby Sumbawa.
  • Pura Meru
  • Pura Segara
  • Loang Baloq
  • Old Town Ampenan
  • Senggigi Beach
  • Batu Bolong
  • Kute Beach Lombok
  • Tanjung A'nn beach
  • Gili Islands are located some kilometers away by road of Mataram

Sister cities
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See also

References
  1. biro umum. "www.ntbprov.go.id - Situs Resmi Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat".
  2. "Jumlah Penduduk Kota Mataram tahun 2008 menurut BPS NTB". Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  3. Biro Pusat Statistik,Jakarta, 2011.
  4. "Kabupaten Lombok Utara the Regency of North Lombok". lombokutarakab.go.id. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  5. "Kabupaten Lombok Barat, the Regency of West Lombok". lombokutarakab.go.id. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  6. "NEWS NTB - CITY MATARAM-Governor: Mataram, NTB election Most Conducive". Resmi Provinsi NTB. ntbprov.go.id. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  7. "Letak Geografis Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat". Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. 13 December 2009. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  8. "PT PLN (Persero)".
  9. "National power supply in dire straits: PLN, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta". 27 July 2010. Event occurs at 10:35 PM.
  10. "Blackouts persist, despite presidential ban". The Jakarta Post. 27 August 2010.
  11. "NTB Akan Alami Krisis Air Bersih". Official Website of the Province of NTB. 20 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  12. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "Universitas Mataram". Universitas Mataram.
  14. "Jumlah Penduduk dan Rasio Jenis Kelamin Menurut Kabupaten". di Provinsi NTB Tahun 2008. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. 11 December 2009. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  15. Source: Adapted from National Social Economic Survey (SUSENAS) (11 December 2009). "Percentage of Population Aged 10 Years and Over and Marital Status 2008In West Nusa Tenggara Province in March 2008 - March 2009". Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (Central Bureau of Statistics West Nusa Tenggara Province). Archived from the original on 21 August 2017.
  16. "Letak Geografis Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (Letak Geografis Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat)". Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. 13 December 2009. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  17. "Peringatan".
  18. https://en.climate-data.org/location/4369
  19. Pelni Shipping Lines
  20. "Maritime tourism built at former seaport". 3 February 2012.
  21. Delays in Opening of Lombok's New Airport, Lombok International Airport Likely to Open in Mid-2010 2/27/2010
  22. "NTB governor to brief central govt on bil project". Antara News. 14 June 2010. Event occurs at 19:03. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  23. "VP Orders new Bali and Lombok Airports to be Operational soon, Indonesian Digest". bali-news-views.blogspot.com. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
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