Caddidae

Caddidae is a family of harvestmen arachnids with 15 known species, the only family of the Eupnoi superfamily Caddoidea.

Caddidae Temporal range: Palaeogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Eupnoi
Superfamily:	Caddoidea
Family:	Caddidae Banks, 1892
Genera
see text
Diversity
6 genera, 21 species

They have mostly a body length between one and three millimeters.[1]

Distribution

Caddids are widely but discontinuously distributed. In the subfamily Caddinae, Caddella is endemic to southern South Africa, while Caddo is found in eastern North America and Japan with the Kuril Islands. In the other subfamily, Acropsopilioninae, Hesperopilio occurs in western Australia and Chile, Acropsopilio is found in Japan, eastern North America, Central to South America, eastern Australia and New Zealand. Austropsopilio is found in eastern Australia, Tasmania and Chile. This complex pattern suggests that separation occurred in several steps: during the Neogene (eastern North America and Japan); at the beginning or before the Tertiary (South America and Australia), and during the time of Gondwana (Africa and Australia).[1]

Name

The family name is derived from "Caddo", a North American indigenous culture, people and language.[1]

Species

• Caddinae Banks, 1892
  • Caddella Hirst, 1925 (South Africa)

• • Caddella africana (Lawrence, 1931)
  • Caddella capensis Hirst, 1925
  • Caddella croeseri Starega, 1988
  • Caddella spatulipilis Lawrence, 1934

• • • • Caddella spatulipilis Lawrence, 1934
      • Caddella caledonica Lawrence, 1934
  • Caddo Banks, 1892 (eastern North America, Japan)

• • Caddo agilis Banks, 1892 (New York)
  • Caddo pepperella Shear, 1974
  • † Caddo dentipalpis (Koch & Berendt) (fossil)
  • Caddo glaucopis Crosby, 1904 (New York)

• Acropsopilioninae Roewer, 1923
  • Hesperopilio Shear, 1996 (Western Australia, Chile)

• • Hesperopilio mainae Shear, 1996

• • Acropsopilio Silvestri, 1904 (Japan, eastern North America, Central to South America, eastern Australia, Chile)

• • Acropsopilio chilensis Silvestri, 1904 (Chile, Tierra del Fuego)
  • Acropsopilio boopsis (Crosby, 1904) (New York)
  • Acropsopilio chomulae (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948) (Mexico)
  • Acropsopilio neozealandiae (Forster, 1948) (New Zealand)
  • Acropsopilio australicus Cantrell, 1980 (Queensland)
  • Acropsopilio normae Cekalovic, 1974
  • Acropsopilio venezuelensis González-Sponga, 1992 (Venezuela)

• • Austropsopilio Forster, 1955 (eastern Australia, Tasmania, Chile)

• • Austropsopilio altus Cantrell, 1980 (New South Wales)
  • Austropsopilio inermis Cantrell, 1980 (New South Wales)
  • Austropsopilio cygneus Hickman, 1957
  • Austropsopilio novahollandiae Forster, 1955

• • Tasmanopilio Hickman, 1957 (Tasmania)

• • Tasmanopilio fuscus Hickman, 1957
  • Tasmanopilio megalops Hickman, 1957

Footnotes

1. Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo & Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Caddidae Banks, 1893. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al.. 2007: 115ff

References

• Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Caddidae
• Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9