Kalderash
The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Romani people. They were traditionally smiths and metal workers and speak a number of Romani dialects grouped together under the term Kalderash Romani, a sub-group of Vlax Romani.[1]
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Etymology
The name Kalderash (kalderash in Romani, căldărari in Romanian, kalderás in Hungarian, калдараш (kaldarash) in Bulgarian, kalderaš in Serbo-Croatian, 'котляри (Kotlyary) in Ukrainian, and кэлдэрары (kelderary) in Russian) descends ultimately from Latin caldāria (related to Romanian căldare "cauldron, bucket, pail", Modern Greek καρδάρι (kardári) and English cauldron), in effect describing their trade as tinkers; see also the related to the Romanian word căldăraș.[2] Many Roma and non-Roma living throughout Europe have the surname "Caldaras", linking their ancestry to this Romani subgroup.[3]
Distribution
There are about 200,000 Căldărari living in Romania. They spread throughout Ukraine migrating from Bessarabia to the north and east.[4]
Employment
Due to industrialisation, metalcraft is no longer as profitable, so the Kalderash have diversified their sources of income, though often they remain in metallurgy.
Customs
The Kalderash traditional dress is one of the most famous Romani traditional dresses, and is still worn. They usually marry at a very young age (15-20, last 20 years in Russia 12-18) and have very strict customs relating to hygiene.
Notable Kalderash
- Luminiţa Cioabă (Maria Mihai), writer
- Emil Demeter, writer
- Nadezhda Demeter, activist, ethnographist
- Olga Demeter-Charskaya, actress, singer, poet, writer
- Roman Demeter, poet
- Vladislav Demeter, journalist, activist, choirmaster
- Ronald Lee, Canadian writer
- Josiah Kalderash, religious leader
- Matéo Maximoff, Romani-French writer
- Anton Pann, Romanian writer, musician (of the Wallachia region)
- Oleg Petrovich (Mursha Saporoni), writer
- Dafina Savic, director of Romanipe
- Katarina Taikon, Swedish Romani author of books for children
- Rosa Taikon, sister of Katarina, Swedish Romani jeweller
See also
- Ruska Roma
- Lovari
References
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46426446_Paternal_genetic_history_of_the_Vlax_Roma
- "ROMANI Project - Manchester". Romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ""Gypsies" in the United States". Smithsonianeducation.org. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- https://www.amazon.com/Kalderash-Testament-Softcover-Caldarari-widespread/dp/B001R8ZXEC
Further reading