Brevivulva

Brevivulva is an extinct genus of parasitic wasp in the Eupelmidae subfamily Neanastatinae and contains the single species Brevivulva electroma.[1] The genus is solely known from the Early Eocene[2] Baltic amber deposits in the Baltic Sea region of Europe.[1]

Brevivulva
Temporal range: Early Eocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Eupelmidae
Genus: †Brevivulva
Gibson, 2009
Species:
†B. electroma
Binomial name
†Brevivulva electroma
Gibson, 2009

History and classification

Brevivulva electroma is known only from one fossil, the holotype, number "AMNH BaJWJ-408", which is a single female specimen preserved near the end of a triangular amber block 21 by 5 millimetres (0.83 by 0.20 in) in size. The block is currently residing in the American Museum of Natural History paleoentomology collections in New York City.[1] B. electroma was first studied by Gary A.P. Gibson, with his 2009 type description being published in the journal ZooKeys.[1] The generic name combines the Latin words brevis, meaning "short", and vulva, meaning "cover" or "wrapper" and refers to the short length of the hypopygium in comparison to the modern genus Lambdobregma. The specific epithet "electroma" derives from the Latin electrum "amber".[1]

Description

Brevivulva electroma is 3.25 millimetres (0.128 in) in length when the ovipositor is included and is a uniform dark color with a faint metallic green cast to the mesosoma at certain angles. Several areas on the female are obscured, with the mouth, lower half of the face and underside of the gaster to the rear of the hypopygium having thin coatings of white mold. The forewings are uniformly hyaline in coloration and highly setose along the front edge of the wing margin in the costal cell. Beyond the parastigma the setae grow sparse and the wing apex is apparently bare.[1]

The overall structure of and general appearance is very similar to that of living species in the genus Lambdobregma. This includes Brevivulva having a prepectus which is notably an elongate triangular shape and that narrows quickly towards the rear. However, a number of features set Brevivulva and Lambdobregma apart. Most distinctly Lambdobregma possesses a hypopygium which extends almost all the way to the tip of the gaster, whereas the hypopygium in Brevivulva extends only half the length of the gaster. Due to the stiff, exerted shape of the ovipositor sheath, Gibson postulated that Brevivulva electroma was parasitic on woodboring beetles or other hosts with similar habits of concealment.[1]

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References
  1. Gary A. P. Gibson (2009). "Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa". ZooKeys. 20: 161. doi:10.3897/zookeys.20.161. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  2. Alexander P. Wolfe; Ralf Tappert; Karlis Muehlenbachs; Marc Boudreau; Ryan C. McKellar; James F. Basinger; Amber Garrett (2009). "A new proposal concerning the botanical origin of Baltic amber" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1672): 3403–3412. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0806. PMC 2817186. PMID 19570786.
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