Blade of the Immortal

Blade of the Immortal (Japanese: 無限の住人, Hepburn: Mugen no Jūnin, lit. "The Inhabitant of Infinity") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiroaki Samura. The series is set in Japan during the mid-Tokugawa Shogunate period and follows the cursed samurai Manji, who has to kill 1,000 evil men in order to regain his mortality. The manga was originally published in Monthly Afternoon from June 25, 1993, to December 25, 2012.

Blade of the Immortal
Blade of the Immortal #1, published by Dark Horse Comics in June 1996.
無限の住人
(Mugen no Jūnin)
GenreDark fantasy,[1] epic,[2][3] historical[4]
Manga
Written byHiroaki Samura
Published byKodansha
English publisher
MagazineMonthly Afternoon
DemographicSeinen
Original runJune 25, 1993 – December 25, 2012
Volumes30
Anime television series
Directed byKōichi Mashimo
Produced by
  • Katsushi Morishita
  • Noboru Yamada
  • Takuya Matsushita
  • Tetsuya Kinoshita
Written byHiroyuki Kawasaki
Music byKow Otani
StudioBee Train
Licensed by
Original networkAT-X
English network
Original run July 13, 2008 – December 28, 2008
Episodes13
Novel
Blade of the Immortal: Legend of the Sword Demon
Written byJunichi Ohsako
Illustrated byHiroaki Samura
Published byKodansha
English publisher
Dark Horse[5]
PublishedJuly 18, 2008
Live-action film
Manga
Blade of the Immortal - Bakumatsu Arc
Written by
  • Kenji Takigawa
  • Hiroaki Samura (collaboration)
Illustrated byRyū Suenobu
Published byKodansha
MagazineMonthly Afternoon
DemographicSeinen
Original runMay 25, 2019 – present
Original net animation
Blade of the Immortal -Immortal-
Directed byHiroshi Hamasaki
Written byMakoto Fukami
Music byEiko Ishibashi
StudioLiden Films
Licensed byAmazon Video (streaming)
Released October 10, 2019 – March 25, 2020
Episodes24

A 2008 anime television series adaptation was produced by Bee Train. Also in 2008, the novel Blade of the Immortal: Legend of the Sword Demon was released in Japan by Kodansha. A live action film adaptation of the same name was released in 2017. A new anime adaptation by Liden Films premiered in October 2019.

In North America, the manga has been published by Dark Horse Comics. The first anime series was licensed by Media Blasters.

Plot
See also: List of Blade of the Immortal characters

Blade of the Immortal follows the deeds of Manji, a skilled samurai who has a decisive advantage: no wound can kill him, except for a rare poison. In the past, his criminal actions led to the death of 100 other samurai (including his sister's husband). He becomes immortal at the hand of an 800-year-old nun named Yaobikuni, and is compelled by the death of his sister to accept the quest that will end his agelessness. He has vowed to make amends by killing 1,000 evil men, and until he does Manji will be kept alive by "sacred bloodworms" (血仙蟲, kessen-chū), remarkable creatures that allow him to survive nearly any injury and reattach severed limbs even after hours of separation. They work by sacrificing themselves to seal the wound - they are worms that were bred to be as close in chemical and physical make-up to humans as possible without actually being human. They cannot handle regrowth on a large scale, but, for example, can reattach a severed limb or seal a hole in the brain.

Manji crosses paths with a young girl named Rin Asano and promises to help her avenge her parents, who were killed by a cadre of master swordsmen led by Anotsu Kagehisa. Anotsu killed Rin's father and his entire dōjō, making them a family of outcasts. Anotsu's quest is to gather other outcasts and form an extremely powerful new dojo, the Ittō-ryū (a school teaching any technique that wins, no matter how exotic or underhanded), and has started taking over and destroying other dojos.

In addition, another group calling itself the Mugai-ryū has emerged, in opposition to the Ittō-ryū. Its true leadership and motives are initially a mystery, but its methods (any tactics that leads to victory) resemble those of the Ittō-ryū. They try to enlist Manji's help as they seem to want the same thing. Eventually Manji joins but quickly pulls out after he finds out a member, Shira, is way too sadistic for his tastes. After a while Manji finally discovers that the Mugai-ryū work for the government. They are all death row inmates who are allowed to live only if they serve the shogunate. While Manji and Shira quickly grow to hate each other, after Shira runs off, Manji remains on friendly terms with the other members of the group.

"Bloodworms" and weapons

The kessen-chū ("bloodworms") are wormlike organisms capable of healing normally fatal injuries and slowing down the aging process, making a person virtually immortal. They are produced by lumps of flesh (approximately 2 inches in width) informally referred to as kessen-ki ("kessen-bases"); these kessen-ki are implanted throughout a person's body by Yaobikuni and although six sites were identified on Manji, the possibility of more wasn't discounted. When necessary the kessen-ki produce kessen-chū and send them through the arteries to repair damaged areas in the body as well as restore destroyed kessen-ki. Because the kessen-chū and kessen-ki are themselves living organisms they are subject to their own limitations, and consequently the immortality they bestow isn't absolute and can be circumvented to cause the host's death, either through the deaths of the kessen-chū themselves or by overwhelming the kessen-chū's regenerative capabilities. The host's immortality can be transplanted into a normal person if they share the same blood type and one of the host's limbs is surgically attached to a compatible recipient; the kessen-ki on the limb will then produce kessen-chū for the body of the recipient. However, the regenerative ability bestowed upon the recipient will not be as potent as that of the host's (whose body possesses multiple kessen-ki), and should the host's limb be detached from the recipient's body, the kessen-chū cannot continuously be produced and will eventually be expended, leading to the loss of the recipient's immortality.[6]

The weapons found in Blade of the Immortal are largely fictional, most created by Samura, who confesses he has no idea what some of them are supposed to do. Usually, major characters have unique and specialized weapons - hidden crossbows, throwing knives, poisoned blades, and even weapons meant to inflict maximum pain. Manji himself carries a number of blades - Sukehiro Amatsubaki ("Rain Camellia"), Kotengu ("Little Devil"), Okorobi ("Man Toppler"), Merabi ("Lady Gadfly"), Karasu ("The Crow"), Shidō ("The Four Paths"), Imo-no-Kami Tatsumasa ("Sister Defender Tatsumasa"), a spear-like weapon called Aun, and an unnamed hooked weapon. Some of Samura's other creations include Giichi's thresher-like throwing blade, known as Kanetsura's Mito-no-Kami ("Guardian of the Three Paths"), which he uses to sever the heads of his enemies, and Anotsu's large Kabutsuchi battle-axe, which was based on an example from Nepal.

Creation and conception

Samura stated that Tange Sazen was the largest influence on his characters and narrative style.[7] In regards to the overall work he stated that he wanted to create a new style of manga, with his intended style being "Don't obsess about the details--just look at the story."[7]

Media

Manga
The first "death" of Manji. Blade of the Immortal uses a realistic art style that is unlike most traditional manga. Note this is a western edition so the Onomatopoeia has been modified
Main article: List of Blade of the Immortal chapters

Blade of the Immortal, written and illustrated by Hiroaki Samura, began in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Monthly Afternoon on June 25, 1993, and finished on December 25, 2012.[8][4] Kodansha compiled its 219 individual chapters into thirty tankōbon volumes, released from September 19, 1994 to February 22, 2013.[9][10]

A sequel titled Blade of the Immortal - Bakumatsu Arc, written by Kenji Takigawa and illustrated by Ryū Suenobu, with Samura's collaboration, started in Montly Afternoon on May 25, 2019.[11]

Dark Horse Comics release

The English language version of the manga is published by Dark Horse Comics. The manga began its publication in individual monthly issues, with the first issue being published on June 1, 1996.[12] These issues were later collected into individual volumes, and the first one was published on March 1, 1997.[13] On October 11, 2007, Dark Horse Comics dropped the monthly issues, with issue #131 being the last one.[14] The series continued publishing through trade paperback volumes only.[15] The 31st and last collected volume was published on April 1, 2015.[16]

To preserve the integrity of his art, Samura requested the publisher Dark Horse Comics not to "flip" the manga, that is, reverse the pages as if in a mirror.[17][18] At the time the English translation flipping was an almost universal practice for translated manga.[19] Instead, Blade of the Immortal was modified for Western readers by the unusual method of cutting up the panels and rearranging them on the page in order to have the action flow from left to right.[18][17] Another reason for not "flipping" the English version is Manji's clothing, which features a manji symbol, that if the pages were "flipped" would resemble specifically the Nazi swastika, instead of the ancient Eurasian swastika (that can be of any orientation), which for many cultures represents concepts such as peace and harmony.[20]

Although American industry practice has now largely changed over to publishing translated manga in its original right-to-left orientation,[19] Blade of the Immortal has retained the labor-intensive cut-and-paste method.[21][22][23] The publisher cautions that rearranging the panels is not foolproof, and can lead to continuity errors; this usually occurs when the flow of text bubbles is dependent upon character placement within panels.[24] Some sound effects within the panel were retouched out and re-lettered in English.[25][26][27] Japanese sound effects that are an integral part of the artwork were usually left as is.[25][26][28] Additionally, some text bubbles or panel borders were redrawn, and script pacing subtly altered in order to understand the story or the placement of text bubbles.[25]

In the monthly Dark Horse serialization, colored versions of title pages from the corresponding manga chapter were often featured as cover art,[29][30][26] though in some cases a different piece of artwork, such as a tankōbon cover, were used as well.[30] The original Japanese tankōbon volumes also collected more chapters than the English volumes published by Dark Horse, as such, they are longer and do not directly correspond to the English numbering scheme.[23]

In July 2015, Dark Hose Comics announced an omnibus edition of Blade of the Immortal, each volume containing 3 original volumes, maintaining the left-to-right format.[31] Ten volumes were released from December 28, 2016 to November 13, 2019.[32][33] In March 2020, Dark Horse announced a deluxe re-release edition in hardcover, with the first volume slated for October 20, 2020.[34]

Anime
Main article: List of Blade of the Immortal episodes

On March 23, 2008, it was announced that an animated television series adaptation of the manga would be directed by Kōichi Mashimo and produced by Bee Train in summer 2008.[35][36] The series aired from July 13 to December 28, 2008 on AT-X.[37][38] The opening theme is "Akai Usagi" (赤いウサギ, lit. "red rabbit") by Makura no Sōshi, and the closing theme is "Wants" by GRAPEVINE. In North America, Media Blasters licensed the series and released it on September 29, 2009.[39]

A new anime adaptation titled Blade of the Immortal -Immortal- (無限の住人-IMMORTAL-, Mugen no Jūnin: Immortal) was listed on the cover of the July issue of Monthly Afternoon on May 10, 2019.[40] It was later announced that the anime adaptation will be a complete adaptation.[41] The series is animated by Liden Films and directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki, with Makoto Fukami handling series composition, Shingo Ogiso designing the characters, and Eiko Ishibashi composing the music. It aired from October 10, 2019 to March 25, 2020 on Amazon's Prime Video service.[42] Kiyoharu performed the series' opening theme song "Survive of Vision".[43][44]

Film
Main article: Blade of the Immortal (film)

In 2017, the manga was adapted into a live action film, directed by Takashi Miike with the screenplay by Tetsuya Oishi and starring Takuya Kimura as Manji.[45][46]

Reception

The series won an Excellence Prize at the 1997 Japan Media Arts Festival[47] and the Will Eisner Comic Industry Award in 2000 for Best U.S. Edition of Foreign Material.[48] The manga had 5 million copies in print as of February 2017.[49]

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References
  1. Chapman, Paul (August 24, 2019). "Blade of the Immortal Anime Adds Six Sword Masters to Its Cast". Crunchyroll. Retrieved December 10, 2019. New adaptation based on Hiroaki Samura's dark fantasy manga hits Amazon Prime Video in October of 2019
  2. Kimlinger, Carl (July 13, 2013). "Blade of the Immortal GN 25-26 - Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 25, 2020. Hiroaki Samura has taken his cracked samurai epic in the opposite direction
  3. Luster, Joseph (March 23, 2020). "Blade of the Immortal Manga Gets Deluxe Hardcover Releases". Crunchyroll. Retrieved May 25, 2020. Dark Horse announces classy omnibus plans for Hiroaki Samura's epic series
  4. Loo, Egan (September 24, 2012). "Blade of the Immortal Manga to End After 19 Years". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  5. "Blade of the Immortal: Legend of the Sword Demon (Novel)". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  6. Volume 24, chapter 160: "On the Perfection of Anatomy - The Untold Truth"
  7. "Interview with Hiroaki Samura". Dark Horse Comics. 1997-06-06. Archived from the original on 1997-06-06. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
  8. "Blade of the Immortal". Japan Bullet. April 14, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  9. 無限の住人（１） (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  10. 無限の住人（３０）　＜完＞ (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  11. Hodgkins, Crystalyn (May 10, 2019). "Afternoon Magazine Lists New Anime for Hiroaki Samura's Blade of the Immortal Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  12. "Blade of the Immortal #1". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  13. "Blade of the Immortal Volume 1". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  14. "Blade of the Immortal #131: Badger Hole part 4". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  15. Loo, Egan (October 10, 2007). "Dark Horse Drops Monthly Blade of the Immortal Issues". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
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  17. Oppliger, John (March 12, 2002). "Ask John: Can You Explain Manga Being Reversed?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on January 7, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
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  19. Sevakis, Justin (October 21, 2015). "How Did American Manga Releases Become Right-To-Left? - Answerman". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  20. Khouri, Andy (November 8, 2011). "Image Comics Removes Swastikas from 'Glory' and 'Pigs' Art in Accordance with German Law". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
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  22. Loveridge, Lynzee (August 25, 2013). "Dark Horse - Japan Expo USA 2013". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 25, 2020. the company started releasing its second longest-running series, Blade of the Immortal. Horn stated that Dark Horse doesn't plan to "unflop" the manga because fans have read it flipped for such a long time and he respects their dedication to the title.
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  24. Smith, Toren (September 2007). "Manga Monday: Blade of the Immortal Volume 31: Final Curtain". Dark Horse Comics. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020. I could move the readers along correctly with strategic repositioning of the word balloons and tweaking the dialogue. Except for a few cases where I got brain fade and screwed up, I think it worked pretty well. Hey, it’s tough to read each panel knowing it will be unflopped . . . and yet reordered on the page! For the first couple volumes I actually cut and pasted each page, but eventually I was able to do it in my head, on the fly. All of my mistakes were corrected in the trade collections, and after Tomoko came on board there were essentially none, since she kept an eagle eye on this.
  25. Yadao, Jason S. The Rough Guide to Manga. Rough Guides. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-85828-561-0. Sound effects were left untranslated wherever possible, but when translation was crucial to understanding the story, Samura would redraw the panel to ensure a harmonious blend of effect and art.
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  34. Pineda, Rafael Antonio (March 24, 2020). "Dark Horse Licenses Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken!, Mob Psycho 100: Reigen Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  35. 株式会社講談社. "無限の住人公式サイト- -スタッフ・キャスト". Mugen.kc.kodansha.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
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  37. 罪人. mugen.kc.kodansha.co.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  38. 風. mugen.kc.kodansha.co.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
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  40. "Afternoon Magazine Lists New Anime for Hiroaki Samura's Blade of the Immortal Manga". Anime News Network. 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  41. "Kodansha Confirms New Blade of the Immortal Anime as 'Complete Adaptation'". Anime News Network. 2019-05-22. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  42. "New Blade of the Immortal Anime's Promo Video Reveals Cast, Staff, October Premiere, Amazon-only Streaming". Anime News Network. 2019-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  43. "New Blade of the Immortal Anime's 2nd Promo Reveals Kiyoharu's Opening Song, October 10 Global Debut". Anime News Network. 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-09-11.
  44. https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/02/25-1/amazon-exclusive-anime-blade-of-the-immortal-hits-japanese-tv-in-april
  45. Kevin Ma (October 6, 2015). "Miike to adapt Blade of the Immortal". Film Business Asia. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  46. "Live-Action Blade of the Immortal Film Reveals 9 Additional Cast Members". Anime News Network.
  47. "Award Winning Works". Japan Media Arts Plaza. Archived from the original on 2006-12-22. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  48. "Awards". Dark Horse. Archived from the original on 2006-12-10. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  49. "Live-Action Blade of the Immortal Film's Trailer Reveals Miyavi's Theme Song". Anime News Network.
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