Bathytoma

Bathytoma is a genus of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.[2]

Bathytoma
Temporal range: Paleocene - Recent
Shell of Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Clade: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Borsoniidae
Genus: Bathytoma
Harris & Burrows, 1891 [1]
Type species
Murex cataphracta
Brocchi, G.B., 1814
Synonyms[2]
  • Bathytoma (Micantapex) Iredale, 1936
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961
  • Bathytoma (Riuguhdrillia) Oyama, 1951
  • † Dolichotoma Bellardi, 1875 (invalid: junior homonym of Dolichotoma Hope, 1839 [Coleoptera]; Bathytoma is a replacement name)
  • Micantapex Iredale, 1936
  • Parabathytoma Shuto, 1961
  • Riuguhdrillia Oyama, 1951

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata throughout the world.[3]

Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa); off Indonesia, New Caledonia, Panglao Island, Sulu Sea, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Bohol, Kerala, New Zealand, Philippines, Sea of Japan; off Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia). They are all know from deep waters from 100 m to about 1500 m, but usually at 200–700 m.

Description

The lines of specific distinction appear to be drawn narrowly in this genus and to depend chiefly upon sculpture. The novelty appears intimately related to Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881) [4] differing by the sharper keel, more elevated tubercles and generally coarser sculpture.[5]

The biconical or fusiform shell is medium-sized to rather large. Its periphery is smooth or nodose, angulate or keeled. The peripheral anal sinus is deep. The columella is somewhat swollen, sometimes showing a pleat. The paucispiral protoconch consists of 1 to 3 conical or globose whorls, smooth or with faint spiral striae. The operculum has a broadly oblanceolate to ovate shape, with an eccentric to terminal nucleus. The ground color of the shell is white to yellowish-brown.[6]

Their protoconch morphology seems to infer a non-planktotrophic larval development.[7]

Species

Species within the genus Bathytoma include:[2][3]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Bathytoma biconica Hedley, 1903: synonym of Benthofascis biconica (Hedley, 1903)
  • Bathytoma colorata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001: synonym of Gemmuloborsonia colorata (Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001)
  • † Bathytoma condonana F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914: synonym of Megasurcula condonana (F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914)
  • † Bathytoma excavata Suter, 1917: synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
  • Bathytoma sulcata excavata Suter, 1917 synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
  • Bathytoma gratiosa Suter, 1908: synonym of Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa (Suter, 1908), synonym of Taranis gratiosa (Suter, 1908)
  • Bathytoma sarcinula Hedley, 1905: synonym of Benthofascis sarcinula (Hedley, 1905)
  • Bathytoma tremperiana (Dall, 1911): synonym of Megasurcula tremperiana (Dall, 1911)
  • Bathytoma tremperiana Dall, 1911: synonym of Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 1865)
  • Subgenus Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961 represented as Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) helenae Kilburn, 1974 represented as Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) visagei Kilburn, 1973 represented as Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973
Fossil shell of Bathytoma cataphracta from Pliocene of Italy
gollark: I've seen cooler approximations for `sin`.
gollark: Gravity has to propagate at some speed regardless of whether it's quantized or whatever as gravitons.
gollark: See if there's a time difference between gravitational wave propagation and light propagation from an event, maybe.
gollark: Isn't chirality basically just "you can't superimpose it on a mirror image of itself"?
gollark: Oh, never mind, someone said that, really need to scroll down more.

References
  1. Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
  2. Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 August 2011.
  3. Fossilworks
  4. Watson — Journal Linnean Society, xv., 1881, p. 405
  5. Hedley, C. & Petterd, W.P. 1906. Mollusca from three hundred fathoms, off Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 211-225
  6. Kilburn R.N. (1986). Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 3. Subfamily Borsoniinae. Annals of the Natal Museum. 27: 633-720 page(s): 639, figs 28-29, 33-34
  7. Nicolas Puillandre, Alexander V. Sysoev, Baldomero M. Olivera, Arnaud Coulouxd & Philippe Bouchet, Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genus Bathytoma (Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific; Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010 DOI:10.1080/14772001003748709
  • Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
  • Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
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