Baseball in the Dominican Republic

Baseball is the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic. It is a major sport in the country, and was introduced in the late-19th century in the city of San Pedro de Macorís by Cuban immigrants.[1] After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second-highest number of baseball players in Major League Baseball (MLB).[2] The Dominican Republic national baseball team has won the Baseball World Cup in 1948 and the World Baseball Classic in 2013.

Baseball in the Dominican Republic
CountryDominican Republic
Governing bodyFEDOBE
National team(s)Dominican Republic
First playedlate-19th century
Club competitions
International competitions

History
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During the 1870s, many Cuban citizens fled Cuba because of the Ten Years' War. Many relocated to the Dominican Republic, bringing with them the sport of baseball.[3] The nation's expert class was established in 1890. The first clubs were Ozama and Nuevo. On 7 November 1907, the Licey club was established in Santo Domingo. By the 1930s, it had developed into a major source for gifted players whose guardians frequently worked at sugar refineries. In 1937, Negro League stars from the United States including Satchel Paige came to the country. In the mid-1950s Rafael Trujillo built the main stadium. Dominican players initially began migrating to the U.S. to play for Major League Baseball, starting with utility infielder Ozzie Virgil.[4]

1951–present

A summer league began in 1951. In the 1955–56 season, it joined the professional association. Since then, the league has attracted many top players from the major leagues. Beginning in the 1955 season, the country's international presence grew attracting global attention. As of 2015 opening day, Dominicans were 83 of Major League Baseball's 868 players.[5] At the beginning of the 2016 season, no country other than the United States contributed as many.[6]

Baseball academies

Baseball academies are how Major League Baseball recruiters develop the talent they find across all Latin America. Every single one of the teams in the MLB has a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic.[7] With four out of every ten Dominicans living in poverty, baseball has become a small beacon of hope for many Dominican families. The baseball academies in the Dominican Republic offer many young boys what may be their and their family's only chance of overcoming poverty, and as a result many boys as young as age 13 drop out of school to focus all of their attention on baseball and someday playing for the MLB.[8] However, it is estimated that only two percent of Dominican recruits are actually able to make a living playing in MLB, leaving many of these young recruits finding themselves aged 19–21 with no education, no work skills, and no job prospects. Because of this, many baseball academies in the country have made efforts to incorporate educational programs that teach English and financial skills to their recruits, to better prepare them for the future.[9]

Notables

Notable Major League Baseball players who came from the Dominican Republic include:[10][11]

Pedro Martínez
Main article: Pedro Martínez

Pedro Martínez, from Manoguayabo, was a Major League Baseball player from 1992 to 2009. He played for five teams and was best known for his tenure with the Boston Red Sox, joining with Ortiz to help them win the World Series in 2004.[12] From 2002 to 2006, Martínez held the league record for the highest career winning percentage by a pitcher. He won three Cy Young Awards and was the first Latin American pitcher to achieve at least 300 strikeouts in a season and 3,000 in a career. Martínez reached the 3,000 strikeout mark in fewer pitches than any pitcher other than Randy Johnson. Martínez was the only pitcher to acquire 3,000 strikeouts with fewer than 3,000 innings pitched.

Martínez became a U.S. citizen in April 2006.[13] He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2015.[14]

Sammy Sosa
Main article: Sammy Sosa

Sammy Sosa was born on 12 November 1968 in San Pedro de Macorís. Sosa was a slugger and had his best years while he played for the Chicago Cubs. Sosa influenced many Dominicans and is best known for his record-breaking season in which he hit 61 home runs.[15][16]

David Ortiz
Main article: David Ortiz

David Ortiz arrived in MLB in 1997, experiencing injuries that slowed his progress. Ortiz signed with the Boston Red Sox in 2003 but did not play much until he became their designated hitter later that year. In 2004, Ortiz became known globally for his achievements. During the 2004 season, he hit 41 home runs and had 139 RBIs while batting .301. He joined with Martinez to lead the Boston Red Sox to their first World Series Championship in 86 years.[17]

Robinson Canó
Main article: Robinson Canó

Robinson Canó is a professional second baseman baseball player, born on 22 October 1982 in San Pedro de Macorís.[18] At a young age, Canó knew he wanted to become a baseball player. He was first signed by the New York Yankees as a free agent in 2001, at the age of 18.[19] Since then, Canó has played with the Seattle Mariners and on December 3rd, 2018 was traded to the New York Mets on a five year contract.[20][21]

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See also

References
  1. "History of baseball in the Dominican Republic". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  2. "The Lure of Baseball in the Dominican Republic". The New York Times. 29 October 2015. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  3. "MLB Stats, Scores, History, & Records | Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  4. "The Official Site of Major League Baseball". MLB.com. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  5. "Dominican Republic Vacation Planner Guide to a Great Caribbean Holiday". Visiting the Dominican Republic. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  6. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/04/03/472699693/baseball-is-a-field-of-dreams-and-dashed-hopes-for-dominicans
  7. "Academies". mlb.com. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  8. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/04/03/472699693/baseball-is-a-field-of-dreams-and-dashed-hopes-for-dominicans
  9. https://www.panoramas.pitt.edu/art-and-culture/dominicans-dugout-latin-america%E2%80%99s-role-american-baseball
  10. "History of baseball in the Dominican Republic". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  11. "Aguilas Cibaeñas - Sitio oficial de las Águilas Cibaeñas". aguilas.lidom.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  12. Chancey, Asher. "Pedro Martinez: The Most Dominant Pitcher of Our Lifetime". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  13. "Martinez Aces U.S. Citizenship". New York Daily News. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  14. "Biography Archive". Biography Archive. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  15. "Biography Archive -". Biography Archive. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  16. "Sammy Sosa". Biography. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  17. "Biography Archive -". Biography Archive. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  18. "Jock Bio". Jock Bio. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  19. "New York Times". New York Times. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  20. "ESPN". ESPN. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  21. "Seattle Times". Seattle Times. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
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