Austrobaileyales

Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100[3] species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. Perhaps the most familiar species is Illicium verum, from which comes the spice star anise. The order belongs to the group of basal angiosperms, the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales), which diverged earlier from the remaining flowering plants. Austrobaileyales is sister to all remaining extant angiosperms outside the ANA grade.[4][5][6]

Austrobaileyales
Schisandra rubriflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Order:	Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal[1][2]
Families
Austrobaileyaceae Croizat Schisandraceae Bl. Trimeniaceae Gibbs

The order includes just three families of flowering plants, the Austrobaileyaceae, a monotypic family containing the sole genus, Austrobaileya scandens, a woody liana, the Schisandraceae, a family of trees, shrubs, or lianas containing essential oils, and the Trimeniaceae, essential oil-bearing trees and lianas.[2]

In different classifications

Until the early 21st century, the order was only rarely recognised by systems of classification (an exception is the Reveal system).

The APG system, of 1998, did not recognize such an order. The APG II system, of 2003, does accept this order and places it among the basal angiosperms, that is: it does not belong to any further clade. APG II uses this circumscription:

• order Austrobaileyales
  • family Austrobaileyaceae, one species of woody vines from Australia
  • family Schisandraceae [+ family Illiciaceae], several dozen species of woody plants, found in tropical to temperate regions of East and Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. The best known of those is Star anise.
  • family Trimeniaceae, half-a-dozen species of woody plants found in subtropical to tropical Southeast Asia, eastern Australia and the Pacific Islands

Note: "+ ..."=optional segregrate family, that may be split off from the preceding family. The Cronquist system, of 1981, also placed the plants in families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae together, but as separate families, united at the rank of order, in the order Illiciales.

Angiosperms   Amborella       Nymphaeales       Austrobaileyales           magnoliids     Chloranthales         monocots       Ceratophyllum     eudicots

The phylogeny of the flowering plants, as of APG III (2009).[1]

Austrobaileyales   Austrobaileyaceae       Schisandraceae     Trimeniaceae

Internal relationship of Austrobaileyales.[2]

References

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
2. Stevens, P.F. "Austrobaileyales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
3. Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis and Mark W. Chase (2004). "The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1437–1445. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1437. PMID 21652302.
4. Angiosperm Phylogeny: A Framework for Studies of Genome Evolution, Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2, pp. 1–11, 2013, Springer, Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas E. Soltis
5. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 640–654, Structure of the unusual explosive fruits of the early diverging angiosperm Illicium (Schisandraceae s.l., Austrobaileyales), Mikhail S. Romanov, Alexey v. F. CH. Bobrov, and Peter k. Endress.
6. Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies), Jaume Pellicer, Laura J Kelly, Carlos Magdalena, Ilia Leitch, 2013, Genome, 10.1139/gen-2013-0039