Australian non-residential architectural styles

Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.

For residential styles, see Australian residential architectural styles.

Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.

The classifications set out below are derived from a leading Australian text.[1]

Old Colonial Period (1788–c. 1840)

• Old Colonial Georgian; Old Colonial Regency; Old Colonial Grecian; Old Colonial Gothic Picturesque

Georgian

• 
  Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney; completed in 1819
• 
  St James' Church, Sydney; completed 1824
• 
  St Matthew's Anglican Church, Windsor, New South Wales. Completed 1820
• 
  Greenway Wing (Former Supreme Court of New South Wales) Sydney; completed 1828
• 
  Old Liverpool Hospital (main block). 1822
• 
  Female Orphan School; Parramatta, New South Wales. Completed 1818
• 
  St Thomas Anglican Church, Port Macquarie, New South Wales. 1827
• 
  National Trust Centre (Old Fort Street High School building), Sydney; completed 1815
• 
  The Argyle; The Rocks, Sydney. Completed 1820s - 1830s
• 
  St Peter's Anglican Church, Campbelltown, New South Wales; completed 1820s
• 
  The Old Windmill, Brisbane; completed 1824; Brisbane's oldest building
• 
  The Grange, Campbell Town, Tasmania; completed 1847

Regency

• 
  St James Old Cathedral. King Street, Melbourne; 1839-1849, resited 1914. One of Melbourne's oldest surviving buildings
• 
  Old King's School, Parramatta, New South Wales. Completed 1833
• 
  Lord Nelson Hotel, Millers Point, Sydney. Completed 1835
• 
  Sydney Mint. Sydney. Completed 1816. The oldest public building in Australia.
• 
  Parliament House, Sydney. Completed 1816
• 
  Hero of Waterloo Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1844
• 
  Union Bond Store, Sydney. 1842

Grecian

• 
  The former Berrima court house, New South Wales. Completed in 1838
• 
  Darlinghurst Courthouse, Darlinghurst, Sydney. Completed 1844
• 
  St John's Anglican Church, Cooks Hill, Newcastle, New South Wales. Completed in 1860

Gothic Picturesque

• 
  The former government stables, now the Sydney Conservatorium of Music; completed in 1821, and a castellated example of the style
• 
  St James' Anglican Church, Morpeth, New South Wales; completed in 1840
• 
  St Patrick's Church, The Rocks, New South Wales; completed 1840
• 
  Christ Church St Laurence Haymarket, Sydney. Completed 1845
• 
  Holy Trinity Anglican Church (The Garrison Church), Millers Point, New South Wales; completed in 1846

Victorian period (c. 1840–c. 1890)

The Victorian period, generally aligned with the reign of Queen Victoria, covers the period from c. 1840 to c. 1890 and comprises fifteen styles, all prefaced by the word "Victorian", and are namely, in loose chronological order, Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Byzantine, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic, and Carpenter Gothic.

Victorian Georgian

• 
  Fremantle Prison, Western Australia; built 1850–57
• 
  Albury Court House, Albury, New South Wales; built 1860; Palladian-style
• 
  Campbell's Stores, The Rocks; built 1850–1861

Victorian Regency

• 
  Old Government House, Brisbane, Queensland; completed 1862
• 
  Sydney School of Arts, 1861

Victorian Egyptian

• 
  Obelisk at junction of Elizabeth and Bathurst Streets, Sydney
• 
  Obelisk, Sydney, detail

Victorian Academic Classical

Main article: Neoclassical architecture

• 
  Parliament House, Adelaide, South Australia; completed in 1889
• 
  Old State Library Building, Brisbane; completed 1879
• 
  State Library of Victoria, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1856
• 
  Parliament House, Melbourne; completed 1856
• 
  Melbourne Trades Hall; completed 1875
• 
  Supreme Court of Victoria, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; completed 1884
• 
  St Kilda Town Hall, Victoria; completed 1890
• 
  Former Hibernian Hall, Melbourne; completed 1887
• 
  Former Baptist Church House, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1863
• 
  State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales; 1826
• 
  Art Gallery of New South Wales; completed 1874
• 
  Australian Museum, Sydney; completed in 1857
• 
  Customs House, Sydney; completed in 1887
• 
  Sydney Grammar School; completed in 1857
• 
  NSW Club House building; Sydney. Completed 1884
• 
  Carrington House; Bathurst, New South Wales. Completed 1890

Victorian Free Classical

• 
  North Sydney Post Office, New South Wales; built between 1885-89[2]
• 
  Goulburn Court House; built between 1885-87 and demonstrating Palladian concepts and Mannerist influences[3]
• 
  Gardiner House, Sydney. 1885
• 
  Paddington Town Hall, Paddington, Sydney; built between 1890-91[4]
• 
  General Post Office, Sydney; built between 1866-91 and 1910 in the Free Classical and Italian Renaissance styles[5][6]
• 
  Hong Kong House, Sydney central business district[7]
• 
  Sydney Trades Hall, Sydney central business district; built between 1888–1916[8]
• 
  Albury Post Office, Albury, New South Wales. Completed 1880
• 
  Bathurst Courthouse, New South Wales. Completed 1880
• 
  Granville Town Hall, New South Wales. Completed 1888
• 
  Orange Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1879
• 
  Pinnacle House, Sydney. Completed 1892
• 
  Royal Naval House, Sydney. Completed 1890s
• 
  Victoria Hotel in Albert Park, Victoria; completed 1888
• 
  Ballarat railway station, Ballarat, Victoria; completed in 1888[9]
• 
  Customs House, Brisbane, Queensland; built between 1886-89[10]
• 
  Fitzroy Town Hall, Victoria; completed in 1890[11]
• 
  Fremantle Town Hall, Western Australia; built between 1885-87[12]
• 
  National Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia; built in the late 1800s
• 
  North Adelaide Congregational Church; built between in 1860-72[13]
• 
  Werribee Park Mansion in Werribee, Victoria; completed in 1877

Victorian Filigree

• 
  The Regatta Hotel in Toowong, Queensland, present building constructed in 1886
• 
  Reid's Coffee Palace, Ballarat, Victoria; completed 1886
• 
  The Sir William Wallace Hotel in Balmain, New South Wales; completed 1879

Victorian Mannerist

Notable examples in Australia include: Culwulla Chambers (Sydney); Old Police Station, The Rocks Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);

• 
  Former Mutual Store, Flinders Street, Melbourne; completed 1891
• 
  Stalbridge Chambers, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1891
• 
  Benvenuta, Carlton, Victoria; completed 1893
• 
  Former Prahran Arcade, Prahran, Victoria; completed 1889
• 
  Lygon Buildings, Lygon Street, Carlton, Victoria; completed 1888
• 
  The Strand Arcade, Sydney; Completed in 1892
• 
  Culwulla Chambers, Sydney; completed in 1912
• 
  The Sydney Club, Sydney. Completed 1887
• 
  73 York Street, Sydney (right hand side). Completed 1890s
• 
  Agincourt Hotel; Chippendale, Sydney. Completed 1898
• 
  Cooma courthouse; Cooma, New South Wales

Victorian Second Empire

Notable examples include: Sydney Town Hall (Sydney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Princess Theatre (Melbourne); Former Records Office (Melbourne); Melbourne General Post Office (Melbourne); Melbourne Town Hall (Melbourne); East Melbourne Synagogue (East Melbourne, Victoria); Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); Collingwood Town Hall (Collingwood, Victoria); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Victoria); Malvern Town Hall (Malvern, Victoria); Former Rechabite Hall (Prahran, Victoria); Brunswick Town Hall (Brunswick, Victoria); Camberwell Town Hall (Camberwell, Victoria); Bendigo Town Hall (Bendigo, Victoria); Shamrock Hotel (Bendigo Victoria); Bendigo Courthouse (Bendigo, Victoria); Bendigo Post Office (Bendigo, Victoria); Institute of Technology (Bendigo, Victoria); Queensland Parliament House (Brisbane)

• 
  Princess Theatre, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1866
• 
  Queensland Parliament, Brisbane; completed 1868
• 
  Kew Asylum, Kew, Victoria; completed 1871
• 
  East Melbourne Synagogue. East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1877
• 
  Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne; completed 1880
• 
  South Melbourne Town Hall, South Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1880
• 
  Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1883
• 
  General Post Office; completed 18
• 
  Former Rechabite Hall, Prahran, Victoria; completed 1888
• 
  Malvern Town Hall, Malvern, Victoria; completed 1890
• 
  Bendigo Post Office, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1892
• 
  Bendigo Court House, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1892
• 
  Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1897
• 
  Grand Hotel, Healesville, Victoria
• 
  City Bank building, Young, New South Wales.
• 
  Waterloo Town Hall, Waterloo, New South Wales, with Victorian Italianate and Victorian Second Empire architectural elements. Completed 1881
• 
  Sydney Town Hall. Completed 1889
• 
  Chief Secretary's building, Sydney. Completed 1886. Also displays Victorian Free Classical architectural traits
• 
  Armidale railway station, New South Wales. Completed 1880s
• 
  Bathurst District Hospital, Bathurst, New South Wales. Completed 1886
• 
  Tenterfield Post Office, New South Wales with Victorian Second Empire and Victorian Italianate architectural elements. Completed 1880s

Victorian Italianate

• 
  Albury railway station, Albury, New South Wales; built 1881
• 
  Glebe Town Hall, Glebe, New South Wales; built between 1879-80[14]
• 
  Leichhardt Town Hall, New South Wales; completed in 1888
• 
  Goulburn Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1881
• 
  Forbes Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1881
• 
  Redfern Post Office, Sydney. Completed 1882
• 
  Balmain Court House, Balmain, Sydney. Completed 1888
• 
  Bourke Street Public School in Surry Hills, Sydney; completed in 1883
• 
  Sydney Observatory, New South Wales; completed in 1859
• 
  Pyrmont Public School, Sydney; completed in 1891
• 
  Royal Hotel, Queenscliff, Victoria
• 
  Grand Hotel, Yarra Glen, Victoria

Victorian Romanesque

• 
  St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne; completed 1866
• 
  Burns Philp Building, Sydney; completed 1901
• 
  St Mark's Church, Darling Point, New South Wales
• 
  St Saviours Anglican Church, Redfern, New South Wales
• 
  St Johns Church in Glebe, New South Wales; completed 1870
• 
  St Andrew's Church, Manly, New South Wales; completed in 1890[15]

Victorian Renaissance Revival

• 
  NSW Department of Lands building, in Bridge Street, Sydney, constructed between 1876 and 1892.[16]
• 
  Former Bank of NSW building, now KFC fast food restaurant, located at 107-109 Bathurst Street, Sydney, constructed between 1894 and 1895.[17]
• 
  Newcastle Customs House, New South Wales. Completed 1899

Victorian Byzantine

• 
  Jubilee Building, Perth; opened 1899
• 
  Holy Trinitity Orthodox Church; Surry Hills, Sydney. Completed 1890s

Victorian Academic Gothic

• 
  St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne
• 
  St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne
• 
  St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide; completed 1901
• 
  St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney
• 
  St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney. Completed 1868
• 
  University of Sydney (main quadrangle); completed 1855
• 
  Anderson Stuart Building (University of Sydney); completed 1883
• 
  Old Pathology Building (University of Melbourne); completed 1885
• 
  St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1875
• 
  St John's College, Sydney

Victorian Ecclesiastical Gothic

• 
  St David's Uniting Church, Haberfield, Sydney; completed 1861 as a Presbyterian church

Victorian Free Gothic

• 
  Former Metropolitan Gas Company Buildings; Flinders Street, Melbourne; completed 1892; Venetian Gothic applied to a tall building
• 
  Ormond College, Melbourne University; completed 1881
• 
  Former Stock Exchange, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
• 
  Former Safe Deposit Building, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1890
• 
  ANZ Bank, 390 Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1883
• 
  Old Rialto, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
• 
  Olderfleet Buildings. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
• 
  St George's Presbyterian Church, St Kilda East, Victoria; completed 1880
• 
  Victoria Brewery, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1882
• 
  The Great Synagogue, Sydney; completed 1878[18]
• 
  St Vincent's College, Potts Point, Sydney. Completed 1886
• 
  St Patrick's Seminary, Manly, New South Wales; completed 1885
• 
  Hunter Baillie Memorial Presbyterian Church, Annandale, New South Wales. Completed 1889
• 
  St Paul's Presbyterian Church; Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1882
• 
  Former Sussex Street Public School, Sydney. Completed 1876
• 
  Nightingale Wing, Sydney Hospital. Completed 1869
• 
  Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales. Completed 1892
• 
  Rozelle Public School, Rozelle, Sydney

Victorian Tudor (Jacobethan)

• 
  Government House, Sydney with Gothic Picturesque elements. Completed 1845
• 
  Old Arts Building, University of Melbourne; completed 1857
• 
  Main Quadrangle, University of Sydney; completed 1862
• 
  Government House, Perth; completed in 1864
• 
  The Barracks Arch, Perth; completed in 1863
• 
  HM Prison Pentridge, Coburg, Victoria; completed in 1864
• 
  Old Registry Wing (Supreme Court of New South Wales), Sydney. Completed 1862
• 
  North Terrace, University of Adelaide

Victorian Rustic Gothic

• 
  St Mark's Rectory, Darling Point, Sydney
• 
  Tenterfield School of Arts, New South Wales.
• 
  Ryde Public School; Ryde, New South Wales
• 
  Manly Congregational Church, New South Wales
• 
  Former North Sydney Technical High School, North Sydney, New South Wales

Victorian Carpenter Gothic

• 
  Christ the King Church, Graceville, Queensland
• 
  Blayney Uniting Church; Blayney, New South Wales.
• 
  St John's Lutheran Church, Minyip, Victoria
• 
  Sandgate Baptist Church, Queensland

Edwardian period (c. 1890s–1910)

Edwardian architecture is generally less ornate than high or late Victorian architecture,[19] apart from a subset - used for major buildings - known as Edwardian Baroque architecture.

Edwardian Baroque

Notable examples include the Lands Administration Building in Brisbane, the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (main pavilion, now Queen Victoria Women's Centre), the Commonwealth Offices, Treasury Place, Melbourne, the Department of Education building in Sydney (1912)[20] and the General Post Office in Hobart.

• 
  Department of Education building, Sydney.
• 
  Land Administration Building, Brisbane. Completed 1905
• 
  Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. Completed 1916
• 
  General Post Office, Hobart. Completed 1905

Federation period (c. 1890–c. 1915)

12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":

Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow

Federation Academic Classical

• 
  The Art Gallery of New South Wales, completed 1906
• 
  Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, completed 1910
• 
  Newcastle Post Office, completed 1903

Federation Free Classical

Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney), Taronga Zoo Pavilion (Sydney), the main terminus building of the Central railway station in Sydney,[21] Flinders Street station (Melbourne), Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria), Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria), Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria), the former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane).

• 
  Flinders Street station, Melbourne, completed 1910
• 
  Former Read's Emporium, Prahran, completed 1914
• 
  Old Royal Hotel, Williamstown, with arts and crafts influences
• 
  Sacred Heart Church, St Kilda, completed 1891
• 
  Former Lands Administration Building, Brisbane, completed 1905
• 
  Sydney Hospital, completed 1894
• 
  Queen Victoria Hospital, completed 1912
• 
  Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Building, completed 1896
• 
  Taronga Zoo Sydney. Completed 1916
• 
  Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital, Concord, New South Wales. Completed 1893
• 
  Marcus Clarke Building (TAFE), Railway Square, Sydney. Completed 1910-1924
• 
  Former Parcels Post Office, Railway Square, Sydney. Completed 1913
• 
  Central railway station, Sydney. Completed 1906

Federation Second Empire

• 
  Former Records Office. Queen Street, Melbourne. Completed 1900.
• 
  Town Hall Administration Buildings. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1908.

Federation Filigree

• 
  Salvation Army Building, Brisbane, Queensland

Federation Anglo-Dutch

• 
  The ASN Co building, Sydney a very early and rare pre-Federation version of the style; completed in 1885
• 
  City of Melbourne buildings, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, a very early example of the style; completed in 1888
• 
  University of Melbourne main buildings, Carlton; completed in 1888
• 
  Prahran Market, Prahran; completed in 1891, early Anglo-Dutch
• 
  St Nicholas Hospital buildings, Carlton
• 
  Eastern Hill Fire Station, East Melbourne; completed in 1893
• 
  Winfield Building, Collins Street, Melbourne, also demonstrates Queen Anne traits; completed in 1891
• 
  Perseverance Hotel, Fitzroy
• 
  Downing Centre, Sydney. Completed 1909
• 
  Corporation Building, Haymarket, Sydney. Completed 1893[22]
• 
  Newtown Post Office, Sydney. Completed 1894[23]
• 
  Paddy's Markets, Haymarket, Sydney. Completed 1909[24]
• 
  Santa Sabina College, Strathfield, New South Wales. Completed 1894[25]
• 
  Railway Institute Building, Surry Hills, Sydney. Completed 1890s[26]
• 
  The Trocadero, Newtown, Sydney. Completed 1889[27]

Federation Romanesque

Main article: Romanesque Revival architecture

• 
  Queen Victoria Building, Sydney; completed in 1898
• 
  Old Museum Building. Brisbane, Queensland; completed in 1891
• 
  Bairnsdale Court House, Bairnsdale; completed in 1893
• 
  Perth Mint, Perth, completed in 1899
• 
  Fremantle Markets, Fremantle, Western Australia; completed in 1902
• 
  St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Bairnsdale; completed in 1913
• 
  Our Lady of the Victories Basilica, Camberwell; completed in 1918
• 
  Hackett Hall, Perth; completed 1908, now part of the Western Australian Museum
• 
  354 George Street (Former Bank of Australasia), Sydney, Completed 1904
• 
  Former Societe Generale Building, Sydney. Completed 1895
• 
  Sydney Technical College (Former Sydney Technical High School building). Completed 1891
• 
  Shelbourne Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1902
• 
  St Andrew's Church, Manly, New South Wales. Completed 1890

Federation Gothic

• 
  A.C Goode House in Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1891
• 
  Camperdown Memorial Clock Tower in Camperdown, Victoria; completed in 1897
• 
  Sacred Heart Cathedral in Bendigo, Victoria; completed in 1896
• 
  RMIT Building 4, Swanston Street, Melbourne; completed in 1904
• 
  Registrar-General's building, in Sydney; completed in 1913
• 
  MacLaurin Hall, University of Sydney. Completed 1902-1909
• 
  Saints Mary and Joseph Cathedral; Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1912

Federation Carpenter Gothic

• 
  Coonamble Anglican Church, New South Wales
• 
  St Mary's Church, Townsville, Queensland
• 
  The Uniting Church, Penguin, Tasmania. Completed 1903
• 
  The Uniting Church at Narooma, New South Wales; completed in 1914

Federation Warehouse

• 
  The Big Store. Prahran, Victoria; completed 1902, an early and exuberant example of the style

Federation Queen Anne

• 
  The Austral Buildings, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1891
• 
  Professional Chambers, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1908
• 
  The Sydney Corn Exchange, a rare remaining warehouse; built from 1887 and designed by George McRae[28]
• 
  Grace Brothers Department Store, Broadway, Sydney. Completed 1923
• 
  St Augustine's Church, Balmain, New South Wales. Completed 1905

Federation Free Style

• 
  Former Mechanics Institute, Prahran, Victoria
• 
  Provincial Hotel, Ballarat, Victoria; completed in 1909 A fanciful freestyle composition with art nouveau elements.
• 
  Dimmey's, Cremorne, Victoria
• 
  City Baths, Melbourne
• 
  York Post Office, York, Western Australia
• 
  Mercantile Hotel, The Rocks, Sydney. Completed 1914
• 
  Observer Hotel, The Rocks, Sydney. Completed 1908
• 
  Orchards Corner, Sydney
• 
  John Woolley Building, University of Sydney. Completed 1906
• 
  Darlinghurst Fire Station, Sydney. Completed 1912
• 
  Pyrmont Fire Station, Sydney. Completed 1906

Federation Arts and Crafts

• 
  Victorian Artists Society, Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria
• 
  Fire Station, Glebe, Sydney
• 
  Former Post & Telegraph Offices, Windsor, Victoria
• 
  The Jenolan Caves House

Federation Bungalow

Inter-War period (c. 1915–'c. 1940)

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

• 
  Deepwater's Eclipse Theatre

Inter-war Georgian Revival

• 
  Albert Hall, Canberra, opened 1928
• 
  Elizabeth Murdoch Building, Victorian College of the Arts, Melbourne
• 
  Manly Town Hall, New South Wales

Inter-war Academic Classical

• 
  Brisbane City Hall; opened in 1930
• 
  Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane; completed in 1930
• 
  Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne; completed in 1934

Inter-war Free Classical

• 
  CML Building, Geelong; completed in 1923
• 
  Former Sydney Morning Herald building, Pitt Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
• 
  Publlic Trust Office, Sydney. Completed 1926

Inter-war Beaux Arts

Main article: Beaux-Arts architecture

• 
  Former Melbourne Mail Exchange, Bourke Street, Melbourne; completed in 1917
• 
  Former Port Authority Building, Market Street, Melbourne
• 
  National Theatre. St Kilda, Victoria; completed 1920
• 
  Herald and Weekly Times Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne
• 
  Argus Building. LaTrobe Street, Melbourne; completed 1927. Features large giant order columns with Egyptian decorative motifs
• 
  General Post Office, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1923
• 
  Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1933
• 
  Commonwealth Bank building, Martin Place, Sydney. Completed 1928
• 
  Perpetual Trustee building, Sydney. Completed 1917
• 
  Beaux Arts Style office block, Sydney
• 
  Banking House, Sydney. Completed 1912
• 
  Beaux Arts style commercial building in Broadway, Sydney

Inter-war Stripped Classical

• 
  Old Parliament House, Canberra, designed by John Smith Murdoch; opened 1927
• 
  T&G building in Geelong, Victoria; opened 1933
• 
  Wyvern House, Newington College; opened 1938
• 
  AMP building in Albury, New South Wales
• 
  Petersham Town Hall, New South Wales; designed in 1938
• 
  Rockdale Town Hall, New South Wales; designed in 1940

Inter-war Commercial Palazzo

• 
  Westpac Bank building. 33 Queen Street, Brisbane; completed 1920
• 
  London Stores. Elizabeth Street, Melbourne; completed 1922
• 
  Temple Court. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1924
• 
  Nicholas Building. Swanston Street, Melbourne; completed 1925
• 
  Former AMP Building. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1927
• 
  Myer Melbourne main store, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; completed 1933
• 
  MacArthur Central. cnr Queen and Edward Streets, Brisbane; completed 1934
• 
  341 George Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
• 
  Commercial Banking Company, George Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
• 
  Trust Building; Sydney. Completed 1916
• 
  Gowings Building, Sydney. Completed 1929
• 
  Commonwealth Trading Bank building, Sydney. Completed 1916

Inter-war Mediterranean

• 
  Sydney and Melbourne buildings, City Centre, Australian Capital Territory; commenced building 1920s
• 
  St Kilda Sea Baths. St Kilda, Victoria
• 
  Forum Theatre, Flinders Street, Melbourne
• 
  Markets, West End, Queensland

Inter-war Art Deco

• 
  Australian War Memorial; building completed 1941; Byzantine architecture style with strong styling elements of art deco throughout
• 
  Palais Theatre, Melbourne; completed 1927; Strong Byzantine influences
• 
  Elmslea Chambers, Goulburn, New South Wales; built 1933; it was one of the first buildings in Australia to use Glazed architectural terra-cotta in its façade
• 
  Forgan Smith Buildings and Great Court, University of Queensland; completed 1927
• 
  ANZAC War Memorial, Sydney; completed 1934.
• 
  Art Deco office building. Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. Obvious influences of North American skyscraper planning
• 
  Alkira House, Queen Street, Melbourne. One of the most striking Glazed architectural terra-cotta and glass brick clad Art Deco buildings in Australia
• 
  Gledden Building, Perth; completed in 1935. The Gledden Building was the only large commercial building in the Art Deco style ever built in Western Australia
• 
  AWA Tower, Sydney
• 
  Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney. Completed 1940s
• 
  APA Building Martin Place, Sydney
• 
  State Theatre (Sydney). Competed 1929
• 
  Kyle House, Sydney
• 
  City Mutual Life Assurance Building, Sydney. Completed 1936
• 
  Henry Davis York Building, Sydney.
• 
  Railway House, York Street, Sydney
• 
  Challis House, Martin Place, Sydney. Completed 1938
• 
  David Jones Building, Elizabeth Street, Sydney

Federation Skyscraper Gothic

• 
  Victoria Hotel on Little Collins Street, Melbourne
• 
  Grace Building, Sydney
• 
  Manchester Unity Building. Collins Street, Melbourne
• 
  Former Sun building
• 
  Former Sun building, Elizabeth Street, Sydney

Inter-war Chicagoesque

Main article: Chicago school (architecture)

• 
  Capitol Theatre, Swanston Street, Melbourne; opened in 1924
• 
  Former Masonic Club, Flinders Street, Melbourne
• 
  Powerhouse, Brisbane
• 
  Love and Lewis building. Prahran, Victoria; completed in 1928
• 
  Dovers Building, by Hugh Ralston Crawford; completed 1908
• 
  Perth}}, Western Australia; completed 1927
• 
  Metropolitan Water Sewerage & Drainage Board Building Pitt Street, Sydney. 1939

Inter-war Functionalist & Moderne

• 
  Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; architect IG Anderson; completed 1937; demolished 2010
• 
  Presgrave Building, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1938
• 
  Former Victoria carpark, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1939; Melbourne's oldest multi-storey carpark in the streamline moderne style
• 
  Hastings Deering, Crown Street, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales; Architects Lipson & Kaad; completed 1938; refurbished 2013

Interwar Gothic

• 
  Newman College, Melbourne; opened 1918
• 
  Montsalvat artists colony (Great Hall), Eltham, Victoria; re-uses architectural elements from demolished Collins Street buildings; completed 1938

Inter-war Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)

• 
  Shopfront in Toorak, Victoria
• 
  A mock Tudor row on Commercial Road, South Yarra, Victoria
• 
  London Court shopping complex in Perth, Western Australia

Federation Functionalist & Moderne

The functionalist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

• 
  Hotel at Captains Flat, New South Wales built 1938; Functionalist
• 
  Heidelberg Town Hall, Heidelberg, Victoria; built 1937; a fine example of interwar brick moderne
• 
  Former Police Headquarters, Russell Street, Melbourne; built 1940; an example of interwar brick moderne heavily influenced by North American skyscrapers
• 
  The Astor Theatre, St Kilda, Victoria; built 1937
• 
  Law Courts, Ballarat, Victoria

Post-War Period (c. 1940–1960)

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Modern

Ecclesiastical

• 
  St Marys Anglican Church, South Perth, Western Australia built 1957

International

• 
  ICI House. East Melbourne, Victoria; Completed 1958. Early curtain wall glass buildings and tallest in Australia when completed.

Modern

Main article: Modern architecture

Late Twentieth-Century Period 1960–2000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

• 
  National Library of Australia, Canberra; completed 1964.
• 
  Dallas Brooks Hall, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1969.
• 
  Parliament House - East Wing, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1964.

International

• 
  Australia Square, Sydney. Completed 1967. Australia's first true modern skyscraper.
• 
  Optus Centre, Melbourne. Completed 1975.
• 
  MLC Centre, Sydney. Completed 1977.
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  Edmund Barton Building, Canberra. Completed 1974
• 
  Perth Council House, opened 1963.

Organic

• 
  Parliament House, Canberra. A mixture of Organic and contemporary stripped classical elements. Completed 1988.

Brutalist

Main article: Brutalist architecture

Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); AAPT Centre (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Metway Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); World Trade Center (Melbourne); Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Pool (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.

• 
  High Court of Australia. Canberra. Completed in 1980.
• 
  National Gallery of Victoria. St Kilda Road, Melbourne. Completed in 1962.
• 
  Queensland Performing Arts Complex. South Brisbane, Queensland. Completed 1985
• 
  AAPT Centre (formerly QANTAS). Sydney. Completed 1982
• 
  Law Courts. Brisbane. Completed 1976-77
• 
  10 Murray Street. Hobart. Completed 1969
• 
  East Perth Terminal. Completed 1976.
• 
  Perth Concert Hall. Completed 1973.

Structuralist

Main article: Structuralism (architecture)

• 
  Sydney Opera House is often difficult to classify. Completed 1973.
• 
  The Australian Academy of Science building, named the "Shine Dome", Canberra, designed by Roy Grounds, completed 1959
• 
  Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Melbourne. Completed 1959. One of the earliest examples of a tensile structure
• 
  Lexus Centre (former Olympic Pool). Melbourne. Completed 1956.
• 
  Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. Completed 1995. Complex load bearing hyperbolic paraboloid roof design, a precursor to 21st Century structuralism.

Late Modern

• 
  AMP Place. Brisbane. Completed in 1977. An early example of late modern curtain walled mirror glass skyscraper.
• 
  200 Queen Street. Melbourne. Completed in 1983. Curved mirror glass skyscraper.
• 
  Rialto Towers, Melbourne; completed 1986. Australia's best example of a mirror glass corporate skyscraper
• 
  Waterfront Place, Brisbane. Completed 1989.
• 
  Governor Phillip Tower, Sydney. Completed 1994.
• 
  QV1, Perth. Completed in 1991.
• 
  Deutsche Bank Place, Sydney. Completed in 2005, a more recent example of the late modern style

Post Modern

Main article: Postmodern architecture

See also: Neo-eclectic architecture

A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).

• 
  Paddy's Markets redevelopment (completed 1976). Haymarket, New South Wales. Tower is reflective of the building style
• 
  The Jam Factory redevelopment (completed 1979). Chapel Street, South Yarra, Victoria. Completed in 1979. Feature mock historical elements juxtaposted with old factory
• 
  Former Australian Stock Exchange (completed 1990). Collins Street, Melbourne. Features a classical inspired podium base and Georgian inspired pyramid roof.
• 
  120 Collins Street (completed 1991). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of an interwarNorth American skyscraper.
• 
  Chifley Tower (completed 1992). Sydney. Inspired by interwar North American skyscraper
• 
  Hotel Grand Chancellor (completed 1993). Launceston, Tasmania. Mock historic composition of Georgian and Second Empire styles.
• 
  RMIT Building 8 (completed 1993). Swanston Street, Melbourne. Uses novel decorative elements and references to pop-culture.
• 
  Boundary Street retail buildings (completed 1999). West End, Queensland. A cartoonish take on Victorian Mannerism.
• 
  Westin Hotel (completed 2000). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of the Second Empire.
• 
  Apartments (completed 2001). Port Melbourne, Victoria evocative of the Second Empire.
• 
  Aurora Place, Sydney. Completed 2000
• 
  HSBC Building, George Street, Sydney. Completed 1987

Deconstructivist

Main article: Deconstructivism

Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)

• 
  Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia.
• 
  450 Swan Street. Completed 1995. Deconstructivist form integrates an old bank with new offices.

Immigrant's Nostalgic

• 
  St Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church, Kingsford, New South Wales. Completed in 1975
• 
  Auburn Gallipoli Mosque, Auburn, New South Wales. Completed in 1999

21st-century architecture

Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern

Deconstructivist

Main article: Deconstructivism

Notable examples include Fed Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)

• 
  Swan Bells. Perth. Completed in 2000.
• 
  Federation Square. Melbourne. Completed 2002.
• 
  Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. Southbank, Victoria. Completed 2002

Post Modern

Main article: Postmodern architecture

• 
  National Museum of Australia. Completed 2001.
• 
  Port 1010 building at the Digital Harbour precinct, Melbourne Docklands. Completed 2008.
• 
  Perth Arena. Completed 2012.

Structuralist

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design

• 
  Docklands Stadium. Melbourne; completed 2000.
• 
  Southern Cross station, Melbourne; completed 2006.
• 
  Carousel Pavilion, Geelong; completed 2006.
• 
  ANZ Stadium, Sydney Olympic Park. Completed 1999
• 
  Olympic Park railway station, Sydney. Competed 1998

Sustainable

Main article: Sustainable architecture

Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).

• 
  K2 Apartments. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials.
• 
  Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.
• 
  Dunc Gray Veledrome. Sydney, New South Wales

Green building

• 
  One Central Park, Sydney

Modern

• 
  Victoria Point, Melbourne Docklands; completed 2005.
• 
  Freshwater Place, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006.
• 
  Eureka Tower, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006.
• 
  Brisbane Square. Brisbane; completed 2006.
• 
  Queensland Gallery of Modern Art. Brisbane; completed 2008.
• 
  Brookfield Place, Perth, completed 2012.
• 
  International Towers Sydney, 2017
• 
  200 George Street, Sydney, 2016
• 
  World Square, Sydney. 2005
• 
  International Convention Centre Sydney. Completed 2017

See also

• List of Australian architects
• List of architectural styles

References

1. Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert; Reynolds, Peter (1989). A pictorial guide to identifying Australian architecture (Paperback, 1994 ed.). Sydney, Australia: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-207-18562-5.
2. "North Sydney Post Office". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01417. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
3. "Goulburn Court House and Residence". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
4. "Paddington Town Hall". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00561. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
5. "General Post Office". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00763. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
6. Thalis, Philip; Cantril, Peter John (2013). Public Sydney: Drawing the City. Sydney, Australia: Historic Houses Trust and Content, Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Australia. pp. 112–117. ISBN 9781876991425.
7. "Gresham Hotel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00291. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
8. "Sydney Trades Hall". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00322. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
9. "Ballarat Railway Complex". Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Council of Victoria. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
10. "Brisbane Customs House (former) (entry 600156)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
11. "Fitzroy Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Council of Victoria. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
12. Hutchinson, David (1987). Fremantle Town Hall, 1887-1987. City of Fremantle. ISBN 0731602005.
13. "Architects of South Australia - Architect Details - Frost, Thomas". Architects of South Australia. Architecture Museum, University of South Australia. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
14. "Glebe Town Hall Including Interior Fence and Grounds". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
15. Cummins, Audrey (25 September 2011). "St Andrew's Manly". The Sydney Organ Journal. Organ Historical Trust of Australia. 29 (3, Winter 1998).
16. "Lands Department Building". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage.
17. "Bank of NSW". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00080. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
18. "Great Synagogue". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01710. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
19. "Bricks & Brass: Edwardian Style". Bricksandbrass.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
20. "Department of Education Building". NSW State Heritage Register. Office of Environment & Heritage, Government of New South Wales. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
21. "Central Railway Station and Sydney Terminal Group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
22. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
23. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
24. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
25. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
26. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
27. "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
28. "Corn Exchange". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01619. Retrieved 14 October 2018.

• Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Architecture of the Middle Ages - Background to the Gothic Revival style.
• George Wilkie - Building Your Own Home - Section on Architectural Styles
• https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm&date=2009-10-25+12:44:01
• http://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
• http://www.wiki.jeremymacpherson.net/index.php?title=Research_Guide_1:_Buildings#Key_Architectural_Styles
• sydneyarchitecture.com Chronology of Styles in Australian Architecture- https://web.archive.org/web/20140908110249/http://sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm

External links

• Photo of St Paul's Cathedral taken from the steps of Flinders Street Station