Astronomical Netherlands Satellite

The Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS; also known as Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet) was a space-based X-ray and ultraviolet telescope. It was launched into Earth orbit on 30 August 1974 at 14:07:39 UTC in a Scout rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, United States. The mission ran for 20 months until June 1976, and was jointly funded by the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NIVR) and NASA.[1][2] ANS was the first Dutch satellite, and the Main Belt asteroid 9996 ANS was named after it.[5] ANS reentered Earth's atmosphere in June 14th, 1977.

Astronomical Netherlands Satellite

The flight spare for the satellite
Names	Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet ANS
Operator	NIVR / NASA[1]
COSPAR ID	1974-070A
SATCAT no.	07427
Mission duration	20 months[1]
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass	129.8 kilograms (286 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	August 29, 1974 (1974-08-29)[1]
Rocket	Scout
Launch site	Vandenberg SLC-5[2]
Orbital parameters
Perigee altitude	266 km[2]
Apogee altitude	1176 km[2]
Period	99.2 min[2]
Main
Wavelengths	X-ray and ultraviolet
Instruments
Hard X-Ray (1.5 to 30 keV[3]) Ultraviolet (5 channels, 150 to 330 nm[4])

The telescope had an initial orbit of with a periapsis of 266 kilometres (165 mi), an apoapsis of 1,176 kilometres (731 mi), with inclination 98.0° and eccentricity 0.064048, giving it a period of 99.2 minutes.[2] The orbit was sun-synchronous, and the attitude of the spacecraft could be controlled through reaction wheels. The momentum stored in the reaction wheels throughout the orbit was regularly dumped via magnetic coils that interacted with the Earth's magnetic field. The satellite also had two masses that were released shortly after orbit injection, to remove most of the satellite's angular momentum induced by the launcher. The attitude could be measured by a variety of techniques, including solar sensors, horizon sensors, star sensors and a magnetometer.[1]

ANS could measure X-ray photons in the energy range 2 to 30 keV, with a 60 cm² detector, and was used to find the positions of galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. It also measured their spectra, and looked at their variations over time.[1] It discovered X-ray bursts, and also detected X-rays from Capella.[5]

ANS also observed in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, with a 22 cm (260 cm²) Cassegrain telescope. The wavelengths of the observed photons were between 150 and 330 nm, with the detector split into five channels with central wavelengths of 155, 180, 220, 250 and 330 nm.[4] At these frequencies it took over 18,000 measurements of around 400 objects.[1]

See also

• Ultraviolet astronomy
• X-ray astronomy
• Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
• List of X-ray space telescopes

References

1. "NASA — NSSDC — Spacecraft — Details (ANS)". NASA. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
2. "NASA — NSSD — Spacecraft — Trajectory Details (ANS)". NASA. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
3. Gursky, H.; et al. (1 November 1975). "The Hard X-ray experiment on the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite". Astrophysical Journal. 201: L127–L131. Bibcode:1975ApJ...201L.127G. doi:10.1086/181958.
4. van Duinen, R. J; et al. (February 1975). "The ultraviolet experiment onboard the astronomical Netherlands satellite — ANS". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 39: 159–163. Bibcode:1975A&A....39..159V.
5. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". JPL, NASA. Retrieved 2008-03-03.

Further reading

• Bloemendal, W.; C. Kramer (1973). "The Netherlands astronomical satellite (ANS)". Philips Tech. Rev. 33: 117.