Argo (spacecraft)

Argo was a 2009 spacecraft mission concept by NASA to the outer planets and beyond.[1][2][3] The concept includes flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object.[1] A focus on Neptune and its largest moon Triton would help answer some of the questions generated by Voyager 2's flyby in 1989,[1] and would provide clues to ice giant formation and evolution.[2]

Argo
Mission typeReconnaissance
Multiple flyby
Outer planets
Kuiper belt exploration
OperatorNASA
Spacecraft properties
PowerRTG (proposed)
Start of mission
Launch dateLaunch window: 2015 to 2020
Flyby of Neptune, Triton, and one KBO
Closest approachNeptune: 8-11 years after launch.[1]
KBO: an additional 3-5 years[1]
 
Triton's south pole, as imaged by Voyager 2 in 1989

Mission

The Argo mission was meant to compete for the New Frontiers mission 4 (~$650M). One of the reasons Argo was not formally proposed was the shortage of plutonium-238 for the required radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) for electric power.[4] The current launch window for this mission was particularly favorable. It opened in 2015 and lasts through the end of 2019, so future missions would need to be redesigned for the relevant planetary alignments.[4]

It was noted that although it offered a Neptune mission at the price of New Frontier's budget, it would be flyby only, limiting the amount of time at Neptune and Triton compared to an orbiter.[5] However, the advantage would be access to a wide variety of Kuiper belt objects by using a gravity assist at Neptune, which would allow a wide range of objects to potentially be targeted.[5] In addition, with a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn, the Planetary Society compared the mission to Voyager 2.[5]

Itinerary

During its flybys of the giant planets, there would have been potentially well over 100 other moons that could have been studied, and beyond Neptune, the possibility of visiting Kuiper belt objects.

Jupiter, 2014
Saturn
Neptune, 1989
Neptune's moon Triton
gollark: You hardly had much to do when running it "alone" anyway.
gollark: ···
gollark: No, I mean the general "I refuse to get into "arguments"" thing. Also sonata being apiaristic, as I like them *otherwise*.
gollark: This is troubling.
gollark: This color is better, yes.

See also

References
  1. Hansen, C. J.; et al. (27 August 2009). "Neptune Science with Argo – A Voyage through the Outer Solar System". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.439.5280. A launch opportunity to the outer Solar System via Neptune opens in 2015 and lasts through the end of 2019, with backup options in 2020. It allows trajectories with reasonably short trip times to Neptune (8-11 years) and the Kuiper Belt (an additional 3-5 years), as well as low Triton approach speeds <17 km/sec.
  2. "Argo: Exploring the Neptune System and Beyond" (PDF). EPSC Abstracts. European Planetary Science Congress. 2009. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  3. White Paper: Argo Mission to Neptune, Triton, and a KBO. Future Planetary Exploration, 30 August 2009.
  4. Betz, Eric (24 August 2015). "NASA's next big spacecraft mission could visit an ice giant". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  5. "A launch to Neptune in 2019?". www.planetary.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.


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