Arctognathus

Arctognathus; Temporal range: Permian
	Life restoration of A. curvimola
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Therapsida
Family:	†Gorgonopsidae
Genus:	†Arctognathus; Broom, 1911
Species
	†A. curvimola (Owen, 1876 [originally Lycosaurus curvimola]) (type);
Synonyms
	Arctognathoides Boonstra, 1934; Lycaenodontoides Haughton, 1924;

Arctognathus is an extinct genus of gorgonopsids that throve during the Late Permian in the Karoo basin of what is now South Africa.[1]

Discovery

1886 illustration of a A. curvimola skull

A carnivore, like all gorgonopsid, Arctognathus was given its name ("Bear jaw") in reference to its short and rounded snout. There is only one recognized species, A. curvimola.[2]

Description

It was a small gorgonopsid with a total length estimated at 1.1 m and an 18 cm skull.[3]

Classification

Restoration of A. curvimola in environment

Head of A. curvimola

Below is a cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Gebauer (2007):[4]

Gorgonopsia

Njalila

Arctognathus

	Sycosaurus

	Clelandina

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References

Sidor 2003, p. 606
Christian F. Kammerer (2014) Cranial osteology of Arctognathus curvimola, a short-snouted gorgonopsian from the Late Permian of South Africa. Papers in Palaeontology (advance online publication) DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1002 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1002/abstract
"Arctognathus - Palaeocritti - a guide to prehistoric animals".
Gebauer, E.V.I. (2007). Phylogeny and evolution of the Gorgonopsia with a special reference to the skull and skeleton of GPIT/RE/7113 ('Aelurognathus?' parringtoni) (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Tübingen: Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen. pp. 1–316.

Bibliography

Kemp, T.S. (September 4, 1969). "On the Functional Morphology of the Gorgonopsid Skull" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 256 (801): 1–83. Bibcode:1969RSPTB.256....1K. doi:10.1098/rstb.1969.0036. Retrieved 1 October 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sidor, Christian A. (2003). "Evolutionary trends and the origin of the mammalian lower jaw" (PDF). Paleobiology. 29 (4): 605–640. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0605:etatoo>2.0.co;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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[1] Sidor 2003, p. 606

[2] Christian F. Kammerer (2014) Cranial osteology of Arctognathus curvimola, a short-snouted gorgonopsian from the Late Permian of South Africa. Papers in Palaeontology (advance online publication) DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1002 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1002/abstract

[3] "Arctognathus - Palaeocritti - a guide to prehistoric animals".

[GEVI07-4] Gebauer, E.V.I. (2007). Phylogeny and evolution of the Gorgonopsia with a special reference to the skull and skeleton of GPIT/RE/7113 ('Aelurognathus?' parringtoni) (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Tübingen: Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen. pp. 1–316.