Agmatinase

In enzymology, an agmatinase (EC 3.5.3.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

agmatine + H₂O ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ putrescine + urea

agmatinase
agmatinase hexamer, Deinococcus radiodurans
Identifiers
EC number	3.5.3.11
CAS number	37289-16-0
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are agmatine and H₂O, whereas its two products are putrescine and urea.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is agmatine amidinohydrolase. Other names in common use include agmatine ureohydrolase, and SpeB. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Genetics

AGMAT
Identifiers
Aliases	AGMAT, Agmatinase
External IDs	OMIM: 617887 MGI: 1923236 HomoloGene: 99855 GeneCards: AGMAT
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.21 Start 15,571,699 bp[1] End 15,585,051 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4|4 E1 Start 141,746,672 bp[2] End 141,759,263 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines • hydrolase activity • metal ion binding • agmatinase activity Cellular component • mitochondrion Biological process • putrescine biosynthetic process • agmatine biosynthetic process • spermidine biosynthetic process • putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	79814	75986
Ensembl	ENSG00000116771	ENSMUSG00000040706
UniProt	Q9BSE5	A2AS89
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_024758	NM_001081408 NM_001378862
RefSeq (protein)	NP_079034	NP_001074877 NP_001365791
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 15.57 – 15.59 Mb	Chr 4: 141.75 – 141.76 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the AGMAT gene.[5][6][7][8]

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1GQ6, 1GQ7, 1WOG, 1WOH, and 1WOI.

Inhibitors

• Piperazine-1-carboxamidine

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116771 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040706 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Mistry SK, Burwell TJ, Chambers RM, Rudolph-Owen L, Spaltmann F, Cook WJ, Morris SM Jr (Jan 2002). "Cloning of human agmatinase. An alternate path for polyamine synthesis induced in liver by hepatitis B virus". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 282 (2): G375–81. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00386.2001. PMID 11804860.
6. Dallmann K, Junker H, Balabanov S, Zimmermann U, Giebel J, Walther R (Dec 2003). "Human agmatinase is diminished in the clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma". Int J Cancer. 108 (3): 342–7. doi:10.1002/ijc.11459. PMID 14648699.
7. Iyer RK, Kim HK, Tsoa RW, Grody WW, Cederbaum SD (Mar 2002). "Cloning and characterization of human agmatinase". Mol Genet Metab. 75 (3): 209–18. doi:10.1006/mgme.2001.3277. PMID 11914032.
8. "Entrez Gene: AGMAT agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase)".

• Morris SM (2004). "Vertebrate agmatinases: what role do they play in agmatine catabolism?". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1009: 30–3. doi:10.1196/annals.1304.003. PMID 15028567.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Chen FW, Davies JP, Ioannou YA (1998). "Differential gene expression in apoptosis: identification of ribosomal protein 23K, a cell proliferation inhibitor". Mol. Genet. Metab. 64 (4): 271–82. doi:10.1006/mgme.1998.2718. PMID 9758718.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Kim KH, Ahn HJ, Kim DJ, et al. (2006). "Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human agmatinase". Acta Crystallographica Section F. 61 (Pt 10): 889–91. doi:10.1107/S1744309105027193. PMC 1991308. PMID 16511187.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.
• Hirshfield IN, Rosenfeld HJ, Leifer Z, Maas WK (1970). "Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of Escherichia coli Blocked in the Synthesis of Putrescine". J. Bacteriol. 101 (3): 725–30. PMC 250384. PMID 4908780.
• Vicente C, Legaz ME (1982). "Preparation and properties of agmatine amidinohydrolase of Evernia prunastri". Physiol. Plant. 55: 335–339. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00301.x.
• agmatinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

External links

• Human AGMAT genome location and AGMAT gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.