Agatea

Agatea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with seven accepted species, found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.

Agatea
Agatea violaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Subfamily: Violoideae
Tribe: Violeae
Genus: Agatea
A.Gray[1][2][3]
Type species
Agatea violaris A.Gray[4]
Species
Synonyms[2]

Description

Lianas or reclining shrubs with lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers are in terminal pseudo-racemes or racemoids, with white corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the very large bottom petal differentiated into a claw and blade and saccate (pouch like) at the base. On the five stamens, the filaments are weakly connate with the two lowest anthers weakly calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is filiform (threadlike) to clavate (club like). The fruit is a thin to thick-walled capsule with 3 or 6 valves. There are two seeds per carpel, that are strongly flattened and encircled with a broad thin wing. The chromosome number is 2n=16.[5][6][7]

Taxonomy

The genus Agatea was first described by Gray in 1852,[8] following the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842, and therefore bears his name, A.Gray, as the botanical authority.[4] Gray's description was of the single species, Agatea violaris, which is thus the type species. His report was published in full in 1854.[9]

Early taxonomic schemes such as Bentham and Hooker (1862)[10] placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae.[6][11] For a while, the name Agatea was disputed, and Agation used instead, but this was resolved in favor of the former name.[12] The genus has also been subject to over-description resulting from polymorphism.

Agatea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Anchietea A.St.-Hil. and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza.[13] In earlier classifications primarily based on floral morphology these were distributed among separate subtribes, but molecular phylogenetic studies has now grouped them together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family. Earlier schemes had placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Hybanthinae, with Hybanthopsis but Calyptrion and Anchietea in subtribe Violinae.[5][11]

Etymology

The genus is named for the botanical draughtsman on the expedition, Alfred T. Agate.[8]

Species

Although estimates of the number of species has varied between one[12] and ten[7], there are seven generally accepted species.[14][2]

New species, eg A. lecointei and A. veillonii, continue to be discovered, these two in New Caledonia in 2001.[12] Some authors also include:[1]

Distribution and habitat

Agatea are native to New Guinea and some nearby South Pacific islands including New Caledonia, and are found in monsoon forests.[5][2]

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References
  1. WFO 2019.
  2. POTWO 2020.
  3. IPNI 2020.
  4. Tropicos 2020.
  5. Ballard et al 2013.
  6. Byng 2014.
  7. Wahlert et al 2014.
  8. Gray 1852.
  9. Gray 1854.
  10. Bentham & Hooker 1862.
  11. de Paula-Souza & Pirani 2014.
  12. Munzinger 2001.
  13. de Paula-Souza & Souza 2003.
  14. Christenhusz et al 2017.
  15. INPN 2020.

Bibliography
Books
  • Ballard, Harvey E; Paula-Souza, Juliana de; Wahlert, Gregory A (2013). "Violaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 303–322. ISBN 978-3-642-39417-1.(Also preview at Springer)
  • Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1862). "Violarieae". Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (3 vols.). 1(1). London: L Reeve & Co. pp. 114–121.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Byng, James W. (2014). "Violaceae". The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world. Plant Gateway Ltd. pp. 238–239. ISBN 978-0-9929993-1-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Fay, Michael F.; Chase, Mark W. (2017). "Violaceae". Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants. University of Chicago Press. pp. 324–325. ISBN 978-0-226-52292-0.
  • Gray, Asa (1854). United States Exploring Expedition Botany. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. XV. Botany. Phanerogamia, Part 1: With a Folio Atlas of One Hundred Plates. Philadelphia: C Sherman.
Articles
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