Acanthurus

Acanthurus; Temporal range: 55–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ; Early Eocene to Present[1]
	Acanthurus chirurgus
	Acanthurus coeruleus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Acanthuridae
Subfamily:	Acanthurinae
Genus:	Acanthurus; Forsskål, 1775
Type species
	Teuthis hepatus; Linnaeus, 1758

Acanthurus is a genus of fish in the family Acanthuridae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are found in tropical oceans, especially near coral reefs, with most species in the Indo-Pacific but a few are found in the Atlantic Ocean. As other members of the family, they have a pair of spines, one on either side of the base of the tail which are dangerously sharp.[2]

Species

There are currently 40 recognized species in this genus:

Acanthurus achilles G. Shaw, 1803 (Achilles surgeonfish)
Acanthurus albimento K. E. Carpenter, J. T. Williams & M. D. Santos, 2017 (White-chin surgeonfish)[3]
Acanthurus albipectoralis G. R. Allen & Ayling, 1987 (White-fin surgeonfish)
Acanthurus auranticavus J. E. Randall, 1956 (Orange-socket surgeonfish)
Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855 (Barber surgeonfish)
Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831 (Black-spot surgeonfish)
Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835 (Ring-tail surgeonfish)
Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) (Surgeonfish)
Acanthurus chronixis J. E. Randall, 1960 (Chronixis surgeonfish)
Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Blue surgeonfish)
Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835 (Eye-stripe surgeonfish)
Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort, 1951 (Fowler's surgeonfish)
Acanthurus gahhm (Forsskål, 1775) (Black surgeonfish)
Acanthurus grammoptilus J. Richardson, 1843 (Fine-lined surgeonfish)
Acanthurus guttatus J. R. Forster, 1801 (White-spotted surgeonfish)
Acanthurus japonicus (P. J. Schmidt, 1931) (Japan surgeonfish)
Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre, 1927 (Pale-lipped surgeonfish)
Acanthurus leucopareius (O. P. Jenkins, 1903) (White-bar surgeonfish)
Acanthurus leucosternon E. T. Bennett, 1833 (Powder-blue surgeonfish)
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lined surgeonfish)
Acanthurus maculiceps (C. G. E. Ahl, 1923) (White-freckled surgeonfish)
Acanthurus mata (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Elongate surgeonfish)
Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner, 1876 (Monrovia surgeonfish)
Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) (White-cheek surgeonfish)
Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr (de), 1929 (Epaulette surgeonfish)
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775) (Brown surgeonfish)
Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, 1835 (Blue-lined surgeonfish)
Acanthurus nigros Günther, 1861 (Grey-head surgeonfish)[4]
Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1929) (Pin-striped surgeonfish)
Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Orange-spot surgeonfish)
Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) (Black-barred surgeonfish)
Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834 (Chocolate surgeonfish)
Acanthurus reversus J. E. Randall & Earle, 1999
Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål, 1775) (Sohal surgeonfish)
Acanthurus tennentii Günther, 1861 (Double-band surgeonfish)
Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923) (Thompson's surgeonfish)
Acanthurus tractus F. Poey, 1860 (Ocean surgeonfish)[5]
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Convict surgeonfish)
Acanthurus tristis J. E. Randall, 1993 (Indian Ocean mimic surgeonfish)
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 (Yellow-fin surgeonfish)

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References

Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Acanthurus in FishBase. October 2016 version.
Carpenter, K.E., Williams, J.T. & Santos, M.D. (2017): Acanthurus albimento, a new species of surgeonfish (Acanthuriformes: Acanthuridae) from northeastern Luzon, Philippines, with comments on zoogeography. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 25: 33–46.
Randall, J.E., DiBattista, J.D. & Wilcox, C. (2011): Acanthurus nigros Günther, a Valid Species of Surgeonfish, Distinct from the Hawaiian A. nigroris Valenciennes. Pacific Science, 65 (2): 265–275.
Bernal, M.A. & Rocha, L.A. (2011): Acanthurus tractus Poey, 1860, a valid western Atlantic species of surgeonfish (Teleostei, Acanthuridae), distinct from Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855. Zootaxa, 2905: 63–68.

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[Sepkoski2002-1] Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.

[FB-2] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Acanthurus in FishBase. October 2016 version.

[Carpenter2017-3] Carpenter, K.E., Williams, J.T. & Santos, M.D. (2017): Acanthurus albimento, a new species of surgeonfish (Acanthuriformes: Acanthuridae) from northeastern Luzon, Philippines, with comments on zoogeography. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 25: 33–46.

[Randall2011-4] Randall, J.E., DiBattista, J.D. & Wilcox, C. (2011): Acanthurus nigros Günther, a Valid Species of Surgeonfish, Distinct from the Hawaiian A. nigroris Valenciennes. Pacific Science, 65 (2): 265–275.

[Bernal2011-5] Bernal, M.A. & Rocha, L.A. (2011): Acanthurus tractus Poey, 1860, a valid western Atlantic species of surgeonfish (Teleostei, Acanthuridae), distinct from Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855. Zootaxa, 2905: 63–68.